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1、初三英语时态讲座,Tenses,This lecture is about the contents of tenses.,Put the following sentences into English(1)我正在看书.(2)他将来.(3)你作业做完了吗？,(1)Im reading a book.(2)He will come.(3)Have you finished your homework?,从以上这三句句子中我们可以发现汉语的动词不会因为表达的动作，发生的时间不同而发生形态上的变化，而是用“正在”、“经常”、“将”、“已经”等来表示动作的时间和方式。而英语中，则用动词的形式变化来表
2、达动作的时间和方式。,I am reading a book.（由助动词am+动词现在分词reading构成，表示动作正在进行，构成现在进行时。）He will come.（由助动词will+动词原形come构成，表示动作将要发生，构成一般将来时。）Have you finished your homework?(由助动词have+动词过去分词finished构成，表示动作的完成与否，构成现在完成时。）,何谓动词时态：英语中不同时间和方式发生的动作或状态要用谓语动词的不同形式来表达，这种动词形式称作动词时态。动作或状态发生的时间可以有“现在”、“过去”、“将来”、和“过去将来”四种,发生的方式
3、有“一般”、“进行”、“完成”和“完成进行”四种。这样可以组合英语中的十六种时态，到高中结束我们共要学习十六种时态，到初三结束我们必须掌握八种时态。,一般现在时(The Present Indefinite Tense)现在进行时(The Present Continuous Tense)一般将来时(The Future Indefinite Tense)现在完成时(The Present Perfect Tense)一般过去时(The Past Indefinite Tense)过去进行时(The Past Continuous Tense)过去将来时(The Past Future Ten
4、se)过去完成时(The Past Perfect Tense),1.The sun rises in the east.2.They are playing video games at the moment.3.I have been in Beijing for half a year.4.What were you doing at 4 yesterday afternoon?,(一般现在时),(现在进行时),(现在完成时),（过去进行时）,Make out what tenses they are.,5.By the time he was nine,he had spoken En
5、glish very fluently.6.She was sure she would make great progress in the future.7.He will tell you something interesting.8.The musician had a very nice piano in 1980.,(过去完成时),（过去将来时）,(一般将来时),（一般过去时）,Now lets analyze each tense.,一、一般现在时(The Present Indefinite Tense),1、用法:,（1）表示经常反复发生的动作Father often _(
6、go)to work on foot.,goes,（2）表示现在的状态或主语的特征He _(be)busy at the moment.,is,（3）表示客观真理、谚语等Trains _(run)faster than cars.,run,（4）用于时间或条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。We will go to the park if it _(not rain)tomorrow.We will leave for home as soon as the meeting _(be)over tomorrow.,2、句子基本结构：,肯定句：S(主语)+动词原形/动词第三人称单数+否定
7、句:S+dont/doesnt+动词原形+疑问句：Do/does+S+动词原形+?,doesnt rain,is,3、常与下列时间状语连用:,通常与表示频度（即动作发生的次数多少）意义的副词或词组连用.For example:always,often,usually,seldom,never,every day,from time to time,now and then（偶而）,once a month,twice a year,at the moment,generally,etc,二、现在进行时(The Present Continuous Tense),1、用法：,（1）表示说话时正在
8、进行的动作。The dog _(run)after a cat now.,is running,（2）表示一阶段正在进行的动作（但说话时不一定进行）They_(build)the restaurant these days.,are building,2、常用时间状语：,now,at the moment,these years,etc.,3、句子基本结构：,肯定句：S+am/is/are+动词现在分词+否定句：S+am/is/are+not+动词现在分词+疑问句：Am/is/are+S+动词现在分词+?,4、须注意的问题：,某些表示感官知觉与心理状态的动词一般不用现在进行时，而用一般现在时。
9、For example:see,hear,smell,taste,think,like,hate,want,know,have,wish,etc.He wants to visit his grandfather now.,三、一般将来时(The Future Indefinite Tense),1、用法：,表示将来某个时刻将要发生的动作或存在的状态。They _(fly)to Japan the day after tomorrow.,will fly,2、常与下列时间状语连用：,tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,next week,next year,this
10、 week,this coming Saturday,tonight,in an hour,soon,etc.,3、句子基本结构：,肯定句：,S+shall/will/be going to+动词原形+,否定句:,S+shall/will/be going to+not+动词原形+,疑问句:,Shall/will/+S+动词原形?Am/Is/Are+S+going to+动词原形?,口语中大量使用be going to 结构表示事先打算，有意图要发生的动作或客观情况下即将要发生的动作。,For example:Look at the clouds.It is going to rain.,Mi
11、ss Green _(come)to the party next Sunday.,is coming,(2)Look!The old man _(die).We must send him to the hospital at once.,is dying,4、须注意的问题：有些表示位置移动或状态改变的动词（go,come,leave,arrive,die 等等）,用它们的进行时来表示即将发生的动作。,四、现在完成时(The Present Perfect Tense),1、用法：,1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,(1)They_(buy)a new house.（影响是他们有
12、新房子住了）,have bought,(2)She_(lose)her ring.（影响是她现在没有戒子）,has lost,2)表示过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态,常与“for+时间段”或“since+时间点或从句”连用。,have learned,(2)They_(stay)in this hotel since last Tuesday.,have stayed,(1)We_(learn)English for seven years.,2、常与这些时间状语连用:,already,never,ever,yet,before,twice,this month,so far,up to n
13、ow,in the past/last few years,since,for,etc.,肯定句:,S+have/has+动词过去分词+,否定句:,S+havent/hasnt+动词过去分词+,疑问句:,Have/has+S+动词过去分词+,3、句子基本结构：,4、注意的问题:,1）have/has been to 与have/has gone to 区别:have/has been to 表示“曾到过某地”，说明有过某种经历。Have/has gone to 表示“已去某地”，在途中或已到目的地。,(1)She _Qindao（她已去青岛了）,has gone to,(2)I _Canada
14、（我去过加拿大）,have been to,2）瞬间动词与延续性动词的区别：,瞬问动词表示短暂不能持续一段时间的动作。如come,go,leave,start,begin,buy,become,die等,而持续性动词表示能持续一段时间的动作。如work,stay,live,learn 等,Tell the following sentences true or false.I have bought the calculator for a week.()(2)I have had the calculator for a week.(),F,T,第一句动词buy 属于瞬间动词，瞬间动词不能与
15、“for+时间段”、“since+时间点或从句”连用，如果要用，必须将瞬间动词改成持续性动词。,leave die buy put on borrow becomebe away be dead have wear keep be a,join the army fall ill catch a cold go outbe in the army be ill have a cold be outfinish/end arrive here begin/startbe over be here be on,3）since引导的时间状语从句中谓语动词通常用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。,We_(
16、stay)in this school since we _(come)to the city.,have stayed,came,4）句型：It is+时间段+since+瞬间动词过去式，自从,It is six weeks since they came here.,5）现在完成时与一般过去时区别:,一般过去时表示过去的动作和状态，和现在不发生联系,着眼于过去,属于过去时态范畴,一般过去时与过去时间状语连用。,现在完成时尽管动作也发生在过去，但强调对现在的影响与结果，着眼于现在，属于现在时态范畴，现在完成时与表示到现在为止的时间状语连用。,五、一般过去时(The Past Indefini
17、te Tense),1、用法：1）表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。,I _(go)to visit a friend of mine yesterday afternoon.,went,(2)He_(be)a soldier three years ago.,was,2）表示过去经常反复发生的动作。,She often_(ride)a bike for half an hour every morning when she was young.,rode,She used to ride a bike for half an hour every morning when she was yo
18、ung.,3）在时间、条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。,He said he would give her the book if he _(see)her.,saw,yesterday,last week,just now,two weeks ago,in 1956,once,once upon a time,a moment ago,etc.,2、常与下列时间状语连用:,3、句子基本结构：肯定句：S+动词过去式+或 S+was/were+否定句：S+didnt+动词原形+或 S+wasnt/werent+疑问句：Did+S+动词原形+?或Was/Were+S+?,4、注意的问题：1)有时句中
19、虽没有表示确定的过去时间状语，但根据实际语言意境可判断动作或状态是过去发生的。,(2)I _(forget)to bring my calculator with me.,forgot,2）描写已故之人的动作或状态均需用一般过去时。,Mark Twain _(write)a lot of short stories in his life.,wrote,We _(have)a meeting the whole morning yesterday.,were having,六、过去进行时(The Past Continuous Tense),1、用法：1）表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。,He
20、 _(walk)down the street this time yesterday.,was walking,2）表示过去某一时间内正进行的动作。,3）表示在过去某个过程发生的动作，这个过程往往用过去进行时表示。,(1)I _(read)an English book when he came to see me.,was reading,(2)My mother came bake while I_(do)my homework.,was doing,(While 表示“在期间”，因此所引导从句是延续性动词，而 when 引导从句，动作有短暂也有延续的,在这类情况下，延续性动词用过去进行
21、时),3、句子基本结构：肯定句:S+was/were+动词现在分词+否定句:S+wasnt/werent+动词现在分词+疑问句:Was/Were+S+动词现在分词+,2、(1)常与 at that time,this time yesterday,at eight yesterday evening,from eight to ten 等短语连用。(2)用在 when,while引导的时间状语从句中。,七、过去将来时(The Past Future Tense),1、用法：表示从过去的某一时候来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。,(1)Mother promised that she_(take)
22、me to the park this Sunday.,would take,(2)Coke said that he_(make)a trip to the seaside next Tuesday.,was going to make,2、常带the next week/day,the following week/month 等时间状语，多用在宾语从句中。,2、句子基本结构：肯定句:S+would/should+动词原形+或 S+was/were going to+动词原形+否定句:S+wouldnt/shouldnt+动词原形+或S+wasnt/werent going to+动词原形
23、+疑问句:Would/should+S+动词原形+或 Was/Were+S+going to+动词原形+,八、过去完成时(The Past Perfect Tense),1、用法：,表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，可以用五个字简单概括为“过去的过去”。,(1)By last night we_(get)everything ready for the party.（把一切准备好发生在昨天晚上之前）(2)Before he joined NBA,Yao Ming_(play)for a basketball team in Shanghai for several years
24、.（在上海篮球队打球发生在参加NBA之前）,had got,had played,2、常与by the end of,before,after 等构成的短语和与when,before,after 等引导的时间从句连用，还可用 在宾语从句中。,3、句子基本结构：肯定句:S+had+动词过去分词+否定句:S+hadnt+动词过去分词+疑问句:Had+S+动词过去分词+,1.Water_(freeze)at the temperature 0.,freezes,Analyze the following examples.,评析：此句虽没有时间状语，但水在0度结冰是客观规律，所以应填一般现在时。,2
25、.Its late at night.Dad _still _(work)hard to find a solution.,is,working,评析：第一句的is说明现在正在晚上，故用现在进行时。,3.The worlds first great nurse Nightinga-les birthday _(become)International Nurses Day in 1974.,became,评析：此句的时间状语是“in 1974”，明确表示过去的时间，说明谓语动词是过去发生的动作或情况，故用一般过去时。,4.What_ you_(do)when I called you yest
26、erday evening?,were,doing,评析：此句是when引导的时间状语从句，在过去特定时刻动作发生时，另一动作正在进行，所以用过去进行时。,5.The headmaster told us that we _(build)a computer room next year.,would build,评析：此句为含有宾语从句的复合句，要注意主句和从句谓语动词的时态呼应，主句的谓语动词told是过去时，从句的时间状语 next year为将来时间状语，所以填过去将来时。,6.The rain _(stop).Shall we go on with our volleyball ma
27、tch?,has stopped,评析：雨水停止这一动作对现在产生的结果是继续可以打排球，现在完成时其中一个用法表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，所以填现在完成时，不可填一般过去时。,7.I have no idea if she _(come)this afternoon.If she _(come),I”ll let you know.,will come,comes,评析：第一个if 解释为“是否”，引导宾语从句，时间状语 this afternoon 表示将来的时间，主句的动作 have no idea 属于现在时态，所以填一般将来时。而第二个if解释为“如果”，引导条件状语从
28、句，主句一般将来时，从句必须用一般现在时代替一般将来时。,8.I_(see)Mr Li yesterday.We_(not see)each other since 2000.,saw,hadnt seen,评析：第一句时间状语yesterday显而易见用一般过去时。第二句时间状语 since 1990按照现在完成时态的用法应填现在完成时，但是此句动作not see发生在yesterday之前，所以必须用过去完成时。,9.They have told me that he_(buy)a new car next term.,will buy,评析：这是一句含有that引导的宾语从句的复合句，主
29、句现在完成时属于现在时态范围，根据从句时间状语next term，所以应填一般将来时，而不是过去将来时。,10.Mr.Zhang,a famous teacher in Shanghai,_(go)to give lectures in Yunnan last year.He _(stay)there for a term.Yesterday he returned home.He told us that he _(make)quite a few good friends there.The newspaper said more good teachers _(send)to Yunna
30、n sometime next year.,went,stayed/had stayed,would be sent,had made,评析：整段时态需上下联系，分析后再落笔。Last year为过去时间状语，故go为一般过去时。returned home为过去时，故stay为过去开始一直延续到昨天回家，所以用过去完成时，因为stay本身为延续性动词，故一般过去时也可以。后面一句为宾语从句，在告诉我们之前已经交了许多朋友，所以仍用过去完成时。最后一句也是宾语从句，主句是过去时态，从句时间状语sometime next year 表示将来的时间，且send 后没有sb，所以用过去将来时的被动语态
31、。,一、Fill in the blanks with the verbs in their proper forms.1.We_(solve)the problems later on.2.You_(get)wet if you_(go)out without an umbrella.3._(not throw)paper on the ground.4.A:What_you_(do)at the moment?B:I_(go)over my lessons.A:When_ you_(start)going over your lessons?B:An hour ago.5._ you ev
32、er_(hear)about the Egyptian Mummy Exhibition at Shanghai Museum?,Complete the following exercises.,will solve,will get,go,Dont throw,are,doing,am going,did,start,Have,heard,6.Your story_(sound)interesting.You read a lot,dont you?7.We _(build)ten factories in this small town since 1990.8.The old peop
33、le and children must _(take)good care of.9.Mary told the boy_(not take)the magazines out of the reading room.10.He decided that he_(not say)anything about it.11.The Class Four students_(listen)to a lecture about UFOS this time yesterday.12.As we all know,a lot of changes _(take place)in our city in
34、the past ten years.,sounds,have built,be taken,would not say,were listening,have taken place,not to take,13.It_(be)three months since I posted the letter.14.He_(work)in our school for five years before he_(go)to America 15.Englishmen seldom _(talk)in the underground.16.They _(not get)off the bus unt
35、il the rain stops.17.They couldnt help_(jump)when they heard the good news.,is,had worked,went,talk,wont get,jumping,18.Franklin used to _(eat)American food,but now he has been used to _(eat)the food here19.While we _(travel)in Australia last summer,I visited Lucy who once taught English in our scho
36、ol.20.The Conference on Scaling Up Poverty Reduction(扶贫大会)_(hold)in Shanghai in May,2004.21.The Shanghai Radio and TV Tower _(lie)in Pudong New District.,eat,eating,were travelling,was held,lies,22.Last Saturday we_(climb)Mount Tai to watch the sunrise.When we got to the top,the sun_(rise).What a sh
37、ame!There we_(tell)to be earlier the next time.,climbed,had risen,were told,二、Choose the best answer1.Hes never been to England,_?A.is he B.isnt he C.has he D.hasnt he2.The poor man_in bed up to now.He has no money to see a doctor.A.had laid B.had lain C.has lain D.has laid3.Neither he nor I_ intere
38、sted in playing video games.A.am B.is C.are D./4.You_worry about your son.He will be well soon.A.neednt to B.need to C.dont need D.dont need to5.Internet bars mustnt let people under 18 in or let anybody_bad things.A.watch B.to watch C.watching D.watches,A,C,A,D,A,6.Some passengers were walking thro
39、ugh one of the big halls at Paris Charles De Gaulle Airport_ the whole roof fell down.A.while B.as soon as C.when D.after7.A:Would you mind telling me_recently?B:Of course not.A.where did he live B.where does he live C.where he lives D.where he lived8.I wonder if you_(go)there by bus or by train tom
40、orrow.A.would go B.will go C.goes D.go,C,C,B,三、Correct the mistakes.(There is only one mistake in each sentence)1.Mr Smith doesnt be in now.He has gone to New York.2.The teacher said that the earth went around the sun.3.The boy is very sad now because he had just lost his new bike.4.By the time she
41、was fifteen,She started to teach herself computer science.,doesnt be _isnt,went_ goes,had_has,started_ had started,5.You should apologized to him.6.Plastics are used to making many things.7.The old man has died for several years.8.I said I would show him the picture when I finish it.9.His job at the
42、 moment is organize the school sports meeting,died_been dead,finish_finished,organize_to organize,apologized_ apologize,to making_to make,10.Bob as well as his friends do some reading every morning.11.They invited to take part in Miss Lis birthday party last Sunday.12.Jessica prefered milk to tea th
43、ree years ago.13.Im sorry I didnt hear you because I am listening to music.,prefered_preferred,invited_were invited,do_does,am_was,14.While they had supper,all the lights went out.15.Scientists has studied the global warming for several years.They are working hard to find a solution.16.The professor
44、 usually goes to see a film on Sundays when he was young.17.Im looking forward to receive your letter.18.Yesterday afternoon I happened to meet my old friend.We have been away from each other for about ten years.,goes_went,have_had,had_were having,has_have,to receive_receiving,四、Fill in the blanks w
45、ith the verbs in the box in their proper forms.(not smoke,hold,remember,see,operate,watch)1.He didnt go to the cinema because he _ the film twice.2.Jack was asked _cigarettes on the bus.3.He still_ riding a bicycle in the street for the first time now.4.The hall is big enough _2,000 people.5.The doc
46、tor said that the old woman had to _ on immediately.6.You had better finish your homework before _TV.,had seen,not to smoke,remembers,to hold,be operated,watching,(Kid,not meet,help,hear,not see,go)Mr.Baker and Mr.Smith work in the same university.They are good teachers and their students like them
47、very much.They often _ each other when either of them gets in trouble.One day Mr.Smith was very tired,so when he went home he told his new servant,“Im busy this afternoon.I _ anybody.”Just then Mr.Baker went to his friend for help.He knocked at the door.The servant went to answer the door.She didnt
48、know Mr.Baker and told him that Mr.Smith _ anyone that afternoon.,help,wont see,would not meet,Several days later Mr.Smith went to Mr.Baker to ask for advice.But his friend said inside the door,“Sorry,Mr.Baker _just _out.”“_ you_,Mr.Baker?”said Mr.Smith.“I _ its you speaking there.”Mr.Baker opened t
49、he door and said,“I could believe your servant,Mr.Smith.Why dont you believe me?”,has,gone,Are,kidding,have heard,“用所给动词的适当形式填空”一直是中考英语试卷中的一个专设项目，05年学业考试的试题虽然较以往有新的变化，时态填空这大题将被取消，但是它被安排在新增的选择题中进行测试，所以仍然是同学们必须重点掌握的知识。测试的内容主要在于检测学生对初中英语八种时态、被动语态、情态动词以及动词不定式等的综合掌握情况。测试的重点在于“具备明确的时间状语”或“给予情景”状态下学生正确使用动词
50、形式的能力。本项目是双基部分的一个重要内容。本讲座侧重讲了时态方面的内容，在做这方面练习时，除了掌握八种时态的基本结构外，我们应掌握以下的解题要点：,总结,1、关注时间状语、频度副词等关键词，不同时态往往带有一定的时间状语，根据不同的时间可确定相应的时态。2、关注复合句中基本解 题要点。3、在确定时态的前提下，根据主语与谓语的关系确定动词的主动或被动形式。4、注意各种时态的联系和区别。5、情态动词、动词不定式（to）后的动词使用原形；在部分动词后要用v-ing形式；非谓语动词的用法。,6、把握能力题的解题技巧。解题中学生必须做到综合分析，通盘考虑，才能落笔无误。1）情景题：试题没有明显的时间状
