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1、Leonardo da Vinci,superhuman ingenuitymysterious,Achievement,ArtPhysics Engineering and inventionsScientific studies,Journals and notes,These studies were recorded in 13,000 pages of notes and drawings.There are compositions for paintings,studies of details and drapery,studies of faces and emotions,
2、of animals,babies,dissections（解剖）,plant studies,rock formations（岩石形成）,whirlpools（浴缸）,war machines,helicopters and architecture.Leonardos writings are mostly in mirror-image cursive（草稿）.The reason may have been more a practical expediency than for reasons of secrecy as is often suggested.Since Leonar
3、do wrote with his left hand,it is probable that it was easier for him to write from right to left.,He found out liquid pressure,and propose principle of Connected Device(连通器).In one Connected Device，the same liquid have the same liquid level,different liquid have different liquid level,the liquid he
4、ight and density is inversely proportional（成反比）.,Physics,For much of his life,Leonardo was fascinated by the phenomenon offlight,producing many studies of the flight of birds,including plans for several flying machines,including a lighthang gliderand a machine resembling ahelicopter.,Engineering,Civ
5、il Engineering,To open the password barrel,must solve five digits.Password barrel has five rotary（旋转的）wheel,each wheel on the 26 letters,may act as a password permutation and combination（排列组合）as much as 11881376 species.Password barrels are usually put a vitreous（玻璃的）bottle which full of acetum(醋溶液)
6、.If you force it open,the bottle will break and the paper with the secret will disappear forever.,Password barrel(密码筒),Anatomy,As an artist,he quickly became master oftopographic(局部的）anatomy,drawing many studies ofmuscles,tendons（肌腱）and other visible anatomical features.Leonardo also studied and dre
7、w the anatomy of many animals,dissecting cows,birds,monkeys,bears,and frogs（青蛙）,and comparing in his drawings their anatomical structure with that of humans.He also made a number of studies of horses.,Leonardo Da Vinci drew the first robot in his notes.Da Vinci used anatomical principle(解剖学原理),givin
8、g the robot shell with wood,leather and metal。He used gear（齿轮）as actuating device（驱动装置）to let robot move.The robot even can make a sound.,Robot,Early,Da Vinci is dissatisfied with the wagon.In his scientific world there are cars shadow.For the dynamic(动力的)problem,leonardo Da Vinci settled it with tw
9、o springs（弹簧）.For the speed problem,leonardo Da Vinci settled it with a disk device（圆盘装置）.For the brake device(制动装置),leonardo Da Vinci solved it with a rope.But,the car cant put into use,because it cant run long distances only rely on the power of spring.,Vehicle(车辆),Da Vinci sleep,(Polyphasic sleep
10、,Uberman sleep)多相睡眠It refers to the practice of sleeping multiple times(好几次）in a 24-hour periodusually more than two,in contrast to biphasic sleep(twice per day)or monophasic sleep(once per day).It does not imply any particular sleep schedule.The circadian（生理节奏的，以24小时为周期的）rhythm disorder known as ir
11、regular（不规则的）sleep-wake syndrome（综合征）is an example of polyphasic sleep in humans.Polyphasic sleep is common in many animals,and is believed to be the ancestral sleep stateSleeping 15minutes every 4 hours,how many hours did Da Vinci sleep a week?Live full lives,more energy,Personal life,Vegetarianism
12、（素食主义者）Beyond friendship,Leonardo kept his private life secretHe spent his rest life in Crookes Manor（克鲁克斯庄园）,Leonardo is revered for his technological ingenuityItalian Renaissance polymath:painter,sculptor,architect,musician,scientist,mathematician,engineer,inventor,anatomist,geologist,cartographer
13、,botanist,and writerHe conceptualised（使概念化）a helicopter,a tank,concentrated solar power,a calculator,and the double hull,and he outlined a rudimentary theory of plate tectonics.He made important discoveries in anatomy,civil engineering,optics,and hydrodynamics,but he did not publish his findings and they had no direct influence on later science,Further,
