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1、This Is EnglishUnit 26 Making Journeys,Content,Session 1Session 2Session 3FocusHomework,Session 1,Grammar Activity 1,Grammar,现在完成时和一般过去时的区别by 和until/till,现在完成时和一般过去时的区别,1、都表示过去的事情；2、但是现在完成时强调此事情对现在的影响，着眼点在现在，一般不与表示过去某具体时间的词语搭配使用；3、一般过去时表达过去某时发生的事情，强调“过去”，所以常常与过去的某个具体时间搭配使用。如：I went home at 10:00 yes
2、terday.I have got home now.,Choose the best item to complete the following,1)Dont turn off the light.I a report now.A.was reading B.am reading C.have read D.read2)When I was at school,I to the library every day.A.go B.was going C.have gone D.went3)The new books yet.A.havent arrived B.hasnt arrived C
3、.didnt arrive D.dont arrive4)you ever to Shanghai?A.Didgo B.Were being C.Didbe D.Havebeen5)For years,doctors millions of patients lives with the help of microscopes.A.saved B.have saved C.has saved D.were saving,B,D,A,D,B,6)We three lessons this month.A.have learned B.learned C.has learned D.were le
4、arning7)Li Ming to school at seven,and he has English lessons on Mondays and Fridays.A.go B.goes C.was going D.went8)The train from this station on time.A.never leaves B.were never leaving C.was never leaving D.never left9)I to Paris several times.A.went B.have gone C.have been D.was going10)My aunt
5、 to see us.Shell be here soon.A.is coming B.comes C.came D.was coming,A,B,A,C,A,Whats happened about?表示询问某件事的进展情况。或者：Whats happening about?Has anything happened about?Whats happened to 回忆：how is it going？事情进展如何？give sth.to sb.“将某物给某人”give sb.sth.eg：I gave the book to him./I gave him the book.on her
6、way to“在她去的路上”，如：She came across him on her way to the school.,Activity 1（1）,reserve 预定，预约=book make a reservationask sb.for sth.“向某人要某物”，如：She asked her parents for sme money.回忆：ask for sth;ask sb to do sth;ask sb about sth/request sth.participant n.参加者，参与者 vi.participate in 参加handouts 下发的资料fix the
7、 time“定时间”by 6:oclock六点之前,Activity 1（2）,worry about“担心”tell sb to do sth告诉某人做某事 tell sb not to do sth告诉某人不要做某事speak to“对某人说”Theres nothing for sb.to do.“某人没什么事情做。”Ive got some things to do.Ive something to do.“我有点事情要办。notuntil直到才,Activity 1（3）,by表示“在之前”、“不晚于”Ill finish my homework by 8:00.我将在8点前完成作业
8、。until/till表示“到为止”Ill be doing my homework until 8:00.我将一直做作业做到8点。注意：虽然都表达“做作业到8点”的意思，但两句话的含义不同。,by and until/till（1）,till 和untill 此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时”，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事”。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。(1)使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。在肯定句中，两者都可，否定句不用till。(2)Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。Until you
9、 told me,I had heard nothing of what happened.直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。,by and until/till（2）,注意：until否定句可用另外两种句式表示。(1).Not until 在句首，主句用倒装。a.Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。b.Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.直
10、到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已浪费了几多岁月。(2).It is not until that,by and until/till（3）,Session 2,Activity 7 Grammar,arrive at“到达”，arrive后面常常用“介词+地点”的结构。in good time“恰恰好，及时”，in time就表示“及时”，加上good强调“非常及时、恰恰好”。check in“办理登机手续”，和在unit 21学过的“办理入住手续”的意思对比记忆。-check outThey had their boarding passes checked.回忆：have/get sth d
11、onego through“通过”。,Activity 7（1）,boarding pass 登机卡；passport control护照检验处；departure lounge候机厅They didt have anything to eat.他们没吃任何东西。look round the shops“在商店闲逛”They had about 20 minutes to wait 他们要等20分钟 回忆：have something/nothing to do结构get sth.with+宾格人称代词“带着某物”，如：He got a big bag with him.（他带着一个很大的包。
12、）,Activity 7（2）,realise觉悟，明白；realize认识到，了解，实现，实行；go back“回去”。back常常表示“回”的意思，如：give back（归还），come back（回来）。look everywhere to see“到处找”should have done,表示应该做而没做；must have done表示对过去行为的推测，译为“一定，想必”suppose 猜想、假设、允许walk off with sth 偷走某物,Activity 7（3）,could have lost,must have left,should have put,must ha
13、ve walked off with it 这些句子都运用了本单元语法点：情态动词+完成时，表示不同含义：could have done表示可能性较小的推测；must have done表示可能性大的推测；should have done表示“本应该做但是没有做”。,Activity 7（4）,情态动词：定义，特点，用法，不定代词（副词）before,after 和whilein spite of+名词go 的习惯用法,Grammar,情 态 动 词 的 定 义,情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。We can be
14、 there on time tomorrow.我们明天能按时去那儿。May I have your name?我能知道你的名字吗？Shall we begin now?我们现在就开始吗？You must obey the school rules.你必须遵守校规。情态动词数量不多，主要有下列：can(could),may(might),must,need,ought to,dare(dared),shall(should),will(would).,情 态 动 词 的 位 置,情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前，谓语动词前若有助动词，则在助动词之前，疑问句中，情态动词放在主语之前。I can s
15、ee you.Come here.我能看见你，过来吧。He must have been away.他一定走了。What can I do for you?你要什么？,情 态 动 词 的 特 点,情态动词无人称和数的变化，情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形，否定式构成是在情态动词后面加“not”。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式可以用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去，现在或将来。He could be here soon.他很快就来。We cant carry the heavy box.我们搬不动那箱子。Im sorry I cant help you.对不起，我帮不
16、上你。,注意：must+have+过去分词，表示现在对过去事物的推测。He must have told my parents about it.他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。,“neednt+have+过去分词”表示过去做了没必要做的事情。You neednt have taken it seriously.这件事情你不必太认真。,ought+to have done 句型。指过去动作,表示一件事情该做而未做。You ought to have been here yesterday.你昨天就应该来。ought not to have done 句型。表示一件不该做的事情却做了。You o
17、ught not to have taken the book out of the reading-room.你不应该把书带出阅览室。,用于虚拟语气的情态动词:,should/ought to have done shouldnt/oughtnt to have done might/could have doneneednt have done,本应该做（但事实没做）本来不应该做（但事实却做了）本来可以做（但事实没这样做）本来不需要做（但事实却做了）,不定代词（副词）的构成：,before,after 和while,这三个词语都是连词，都可以用来表示时间；before表示“在之前”；aft
18、er表示“在之后”；while表示“当时候”。常用句型结构：1、before，after，和while引导的从句+主句 Before she get up,she drank some water.2、before，after，和while+doing+主句(主句和从句主语一致时)Before getting up she drank some water.,in spite of+名词,意思与although一样，都表示“尽管”用法不同：in spite of+名词although+句子 eg.In spite of the rain,we went out.Although it rain
19、ed,we went out.,go 的习惯用法,1.动词go一般表示“去”的意思 eg：go out，go back等。2.它还可以表示事情进展情况 eg：How is everything going?（一切可好？）It went well.（它进展顺利。）与它相似的有21单元的get on well with，表示“某事进展顺利”。但是，get on well with常常以人为主语，如：She got on well with her study.（她学习进展顺利。）,Session 3,Activity 13Grammar,。,Activity 13,at last“最终，终于”，如
20、：I got the book at last.我终于得到了这本书。the day before that（那天的前一天）,the day after tomorrow（后天）。这样的结构可以用于表示“某天前一天”和“某天后一天”。go further north“继续向北”，这里的further是far的比较级之一，表示抽象的意义：“进一步”。A really fabulous castle,“fabulous”绝妙的，和“perfect”一样，只能用really 修饰，不能用very 修饰。fabulous adj.寓言般的,惊人的,难以置信的Its right in the middle
21、 of the town.“它恰恰在城镇的中心。”这里right表示“恰恰、正好”。just right for“对于恰恰适合”,Grammar,there be 结构的时态时间表示法表示移动的介词,there be 的用法：,1、there is/there are 表示“在某处有某物”，表状态，不能用have表示有，注意单复数变化：如：There are 3 men in the room.一般疑问句：Is there?/Are there?2、there be结构可以有时态变化：There is a film now.（现在有场电影。）There was a film yesterday
22、.（昨天有场电影。）There will be a film tomorrow.（明天有场电影。）注意：there be结构中be是动词，时态、数量都表现在它身上；此外，由于是be动词，否定、疑问也表现在它身上。如：There isnt a film.Is there a film?,.,表示时间常用方式：名词或名词词组：this evening,tomorrow morning介词+名词或名词词组：in the morning,on Friday morning,before 5:00名词或名词词组+副词：two weeks ago,one month later,时间表示法（1）,.,注意
23、介词用法的区别：on用在表示具体日子的名词前，如：on Friday,on Friday morningat用在具体时间、钟点前，如：at 7:00in用在年、月、季节和一天的某些时段，如：in 2003,in April,in winter,in the morning 注意：on Friday morning和in the morning中词语的搭配！,时间表示法（2）,.,时间表示法（3）,用所学介词填空：I was in Beijing _ last week._ 1999,he began his work.I will go there _ the summer._ a cold
24、night,he got ill.He often goes out _ 10:30.,/,In,in,on,at,表示移动的介词,下列介词常表示动作的移动方向：towards“朝、向”across“穿过”（常指平面的地方，如：马路）through“穿过”（常指立体的地方，如：森林）along，down，up都表示“沿着”,表示移动的介词练习：,用刚刚学过的介词填空：He ran _the trees,and then walked _ the road.When he walked _ the road,a dog was running _ the road.答案：through across along/down/up along/down/up,Focus for Today,现在完成时和一般过去时的区别by 和until/tillto tell情态动词不定代词不定副词,before,after 和whilein spite of+名词to go 的习惯用法there be 结构的时态时间表示法表示移动的介词,
