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1、,to begin with(para.1),as the first of reason;first of all 1.You are wrong about the factstobeginwith.首先你把事实都没弄对。2.It was finetobeginwithand then It startedtorain.起初天气很好，后来才开始下雨。3.I found it tiringtobeginwithbut I soon got usedtoit.刚开始时我觉得很累，不过很快就适应了。,Compare all these prepositions or prepositional
2、phrases that may be used to express a reason.Because of 意为“由于，因为”，强调因果关系，在句中仅作状语，修饰句中的一部分，与其他成分不用逗号隔开。Owing to 与because of 一样，也强调因果关系，除作状语外，也可作表语，做状语时修饰整个句子，可在句首或句末，用逗号隔开。Due to 引出造成后果的原因，在句中作表语、状语和定语。作表语和状语时与owing to同义，作状语时，一般不与其他成分隔开。On account of 与because of，owing to同义，但语气较为正式。可作状语、表语，不作定语。,It se
3、emed unfair that other writers should be able at will to drop into a sleep of four or five hundred years,and to plunge head first into a distant future and be a witness of its marvels.（para.2）at will 随意Youarefreetoleavethehouseatwill.你可随意离开屋子。,drop into(para.2),a.go somewhere in passingb.throw intoc
4、.fall into1.In this weather the cliff face was a foggy drop into infinity.在这种天气条件下，雾蒙蒙的悬崖隐入广漠无限之中。2.Drop your cigarette ashes into the ashtray.请把香烟灰弹在烟灰缸里。3.The old men tend to drop into a doze.老人往往爱打瞌睡。,drop asleep 入睡drop away 离开，散去，减少drop back 退后drop back into 恢复drop behind 落后，落伍drop by 随便访问drop b
5、y drop 一滴一滴地 drop down 卧倒，顺着向下移动drop in 顺便走访，不预先通知的拜访drop in on 顺道拜访drop off 离开，散去，逐渐减少，死去 drop on 训斥，惩罚drop out 不参与，离去，放弃,plunge into(para.2)a.to jump into sth,especially with force.b.to start doing sth in an enthusiastic.way,especially without thingking carefully about what you are doing.1.Theboyt
6、akesoffhisclothesandplungeinto theswimmingpool.男孩脱下衣服，跳入游泳池2.The students plunged into their examinations.学生们投入到他们的考试中。,It seemed unfair that other writers should be able at will to drop into a sleep of four or five hundred years,and to plunge headfirst into a distant future and be a witness of its
7、marvels.（para.2）,To go to right into the distant future without hesitation and see the wonderful changes that would have taken place during this long time.,With the head foremost.头向前的,It was,in a way,clear,straight suicide,but I did it.(para.5)in a way 在某种程度上；一点a.in some respects;b.from some points
8、of viewInaway,Im glad you made that mistake,for it will serve asawarning to you.在某种程度上说，你犯那个错误我倒感到高兴，因为它可以对你敲警钟。,Icouldfeelmysensesleavingme.Ifellintoasleep,thedeepimmeasurablesleepinwhichtheveryexistenceoftheouterworldwashushed.Dimly I could feel the days go past,then the years,and then the long pa
9、ssage of the centuries.(para.6)sense sense of 的感觉 in a sense 在某种意义上 make sense 有意义；讲得通；言之有理 sense of responsibility 责任感，责任心 common sense 常识1.I try to make each song make sense for itself.我努力创作每首歌都有它自己的意义。2.In this sense，personality is the very soul of art.由这种意义上说来，人格就是艺术的灵魂。,The world around us had
10、become silent and still,passage n.a.the act of going from one place to anotherb.a way by which one passes;a hall or corridorc.Legal enacment（制定，颁布）d.a single clause or portion of a book1.The passage of time 时间旅程2.The two buildings are linked by a long passage 这两幢建筑由一条长长的通道连接着3.The opposition party t
11、ried to prevent the passage of the new tax law.反对党师徒阻止新税法的制定4.This a beautiful passage from“A Tale of Two Cities”by Chales Dickens.这是Chales Dickens的双城记中优美的一段,Thenquitesuddenly,Iwokeupandlookedaboutme.(para.7)look about 四下观望；（作出选择前）进行调查1.Lookaboutyou before crossing the street.穿马路前要看清来往车辆。2.He cast a
12、lookabouthim which telegraphed bad news.他向四周环顾了一下，显示有坏消息。3.Helookabouttheroomwithboyishease.他以孩子般自在的神态打量房间.,Ifoundmyselfsittingonabroadcouchinsomekindofmuseum.(para.9)some kind of 某种1.Most computer games providesomekindofwishfulfillment.大部份电子游戏满足人们的某种愿望。2.They feltsomekindofdisaster was hanging over
13、 them.他们感到某种灾难就要临头。3.She was promoted intosomekindofmanagerial job.她被提拔去做某种管理工作。4.According to research,only one smoker in a hundred is able to kick the habit withoutsomekind ofhelp.研究表明，一百名吸烟者中只有一名能够不借助任何帮助成功戒烟。,Besidemesataman.Hisfacewashairless,butneitheroldnoryoung.Heworeclothesthatlookedlikethe
14、greyashesofpaperthathadburnedandkeptitsshape.Hewaslookingatmequietly,butwithnoparticularsurpriseorinterest.(para.10)neithernor eitherorneither.nor.表示既不也不。其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成份。either.or.意为或者或者；不是就是之意。表示两者之一，连接句子中两个并列的成分。,就近原则,queer(para.12),adj.strange or difficult to explain n.an insulting word for
15、a homosexual（同性恋）BrE ill or sick,queer in the head:talking or behaving strangelybe in queer street:to owe people moneyqueer sbs pitch:to spoil someones plans or chances to do something,This orange tastes queer.Im feeling a little queer.I think ill go and lie down.,queerness n.奇妙，不快queerly adv.奇妙地，奇怪
16、地,faint(para.14),adj.difficult to see,hear,smell etc.a faint hope/chance/feeling feeling week because you are very tired or hungryv.to suddenly become unconscious for a short timen.an act of becoming unconsciousnot have the faintest idea:to not know anything at all about something,feeling faint with
17、 hunger and fatigueHe slumped to the floor in afaint.He could discern afaintlight ahead in the forest.Theres still a faint hope that they might be alive.They didnt seem to have the faintest idea what I was talking about.,track(para.15),n.a narrow road with a rough uneven surface that cars can travel
18、 on a narrow path,especially one made by people or animals frequently walking in the same place a circular course for racing railway tracks one of the songs on a record,cassette,or CD sport that such as running,jumping or throwing the javelin the direction or line taken by something as it moves v.se
19、arch by following the marks they leave behind to move a film or television camera to leave behind a track of something such as mud or dirt when you walk,be on the right/wrong track keep/lose track of掌握/失去的线索stop in your tracks突然停下 cover/hide your tracks 掩盖/隐匿自己的行踪be on the track of追踪，追寻 be on track（
20、口）有可能获得（想要的结果）get off the track（口）偏离正题 track sb.to sth.,*The road leading to the farm was little more than a rough track.*The track led through dense forest.*To run a mile,you have to run four circuits of the track.*We followed the tyre tracks across a muddy field.*Hes not interested in her at all,y
21、oure on the wrong track there.*Theres a great Miles Davis track on side two.*Its difficult to keep track of all the new discoveries in genetics.*Police are on the track of a gang that has robbed five post offices in the last month.*She went out for track in the spring.*Dont get off the track,were lo
22、oking at this years figures not last years.*The dogs tracked the wolf to its lair.,keep track of跟踪了解的情况，与保持联系keep track of sth.留神keep track of time 记住时间keep track of progress 了解to keep track of 追踪Please ask if you cannotkeep track ofwhat Im telling you.,gasp(para.15),v.to breathe in suddenly,quickly
23、,and in a way that can be heard,especially because you are surprised or afraidto breathe quickly and deeply because you are having difficulty breathingn.抽气，深吸气；（因呼吸困难的）急促呼吸give a gaspgasp for air/breath 大口吸气be gasping 非常口渴be gasping for 渴望得到（酒、烟等）at your last gasp 奄奄一息，即将断气The audience gasped at the
24、 splendor of the costumes.Brendan climbed slowly,gasping for breath.Put the kettle on,love,Im gasping.She gave a little gasp and clutched.He rolled his eyes as though at his last gasp.,die out:to disappear or stop cpmpletely(para.16),die with:disapper when someone diesdie on sb.:stop working while s
25、omeone is using itbe dying for:to want something very muchdie away:sound,wind,or light becomes guadually weaker and finally stopsdie down:something becomes less strong,activedie off:animals die one by one until there are no more of them,The strange noise and an absolute silence closed in upon us.Sma
26、llpox(天花）has completely _ in this country.Dont worry,the gossip will soon _.The familys name will _ him.The mower（割草机）just _ me.,die away,died out,die down,die with,died on,eliminate(para.16)elimination n.消除，排除法；淘汰；铲灭,v.to completely get rid of something that is unnecessary or unwanted to defeat a t
27、eam or person in a competition,so that they no longer take part in it to kill someone in order to prevent them from causing troublea ruthless dictator who eliminated all his rivalsPolice have eliminated Morris from their enquiries.Our team was eliminated in the first round.,upright(para.17)uprightne
28、ss n.垂直，正直,adj.standing straight up always behaving in an honest wayadv.standing with your back straight n.a long piece of wood or metal that stands straight up and supports somethingdecent,upright citizensHe sat bolt upright,startled by the scream.,reel(para.19),n.BrE a round object onto which thre
29、ad 卷轴 the amount that one of these objects will hold 一卷之量 v.to step backwards suddenly and almost fall over,especially after being hit or getting a shock 尤指因遭受打击或震惊而站立不稳 to seem to go around and around晕眩，天旋地转 to make something move on or off a reel by winding it 卷，绕 a cotton reel Have you got anothe
30、r reel of film?A punch in his stomach sent him reeling.The room reeled before my eyes and I fainted.He reeled in his fishing line.,reel sth.off 滔滔不绝地重复，背诵,ejaculate(para.20)ejaculator n.ejaculation n.突然说出；射出（液体）,v.when a man ejaculates,sperm comes out of hispenis 射精 to suddenly shout or say somethin
31、g especially beacause you aresurprised 尤指因惊奇而喊出，突然喊出“What？”Catherine ejaculated.复数：ejaculates第三人称单数：ejaculates过去式：ejaculated过去分词：ejaculated现在分词：ejaculatingEjaculate多被用于形容射出几毫升上亿个带尾巴的细胞的意思（你们懂得）所以谨慎用词.Ejaculate in amazement在文中形容作者的在惊讶之余脱口而出的语句。,spring(para.21)n.a.the season of growth 春天 b.a metal ela
32、stic device that returns to its shape or position when pushed or pulled or pressed 弹簧 c.a natural flow of ground water 泉v.a.to leap;bound spring to ones feet跳起来 b.to arise;appear The water springs from the ground.Example Hesprang to his feet and rushed out of theroom.他跳起身奔出了房间。A cry ofangersprangfro
33、mthecrowd.从人群中爆发出了愤怒的叫声。When the box was opened,thespringjumped out.盒子一打开，弹簧就绷出来了。Thespringwater is cold and crystal-clear.泉水清冽。An ill marriage is aspringof ill fortune.不良的婚姻是恶运的来源。,epoch（para.25）a long period of time in the history of the Earth or of human societyC纪元;时期,时代 age,epoch,era,period,time
34、s 这些名词均含“时期、时代”之意。age:常指具有显著特征或以某杰出人物命名的历史时代或时期。epoch:正式用词，侧重指以某重大事件或巨大变化为起点的新的历史时期。era:书面语用词，指历史上的纪元、年代，可与epoch和age互换，侧重时期的延续性和整个历程。period:最普通用词，概念广泛，时间长短不限，既可指任何一个历史时期，又可指个人或自然界的一个发展阶段。times:侧重某一特定时期。,Rivet（para.26）n.:a.ornament consisting of a circular rounded protuberance(as on a vault or shield
35、 or belt)b.heavy pin having a head at one end and the other end being hammered flat after being passed through holes in the pieces that are fastened togetherv.:a.direct ones attention on something;b.fasten with a rivet or rivets hold(someones attention);Example Can I fasten these metal plates withri
36、vets?我可以用铆钉把这些金属板固定在一起吗？We stoodrivetedto the spot.我们寸步不移的站在那儿。Her eyes wererivetedon his face.她的眼睛盯着他的脸。riveter铆工；铆钉枪,辨析（para.27）afraid,fearful,awful,dreadful,frightful,terrible,horrible,terrific,appalling 这些形容词均含“害怕的、可怕的”之意。afraid:指由于胆小或怯懦而不敢说或做某事。fearful:普通用词，既指外界情况变化而引起的恐惧，又指来自内心的害怕与焦虑。awful:指威严
37、得令人害怕或敬畏，有一定的感情色彩。dreadful:指使人非常恐惧，毛骨悚然，也使人感到讨厌而退缩。frightful:指使人陷入短暂的惊恐或产生毛骨悚然的感觉。terrible:侧重指给人以长久的惊骇，极端的恐怖，令人难以忍受。horrible:指因骇人听闻的丑恶而令人毛骨悚然，着重厌恶的成分多于害怕。terrific:多指外表、形状或力量等的可怕。appalling:指既令害怕又使人惊异、胆寒。,1.The Halloween masks are very _.2.a _ scene3 The decision they made was _.4.I am _ I cant help y
38、ou5.They were _that the river would flood.6.I was awakened by a _ clap of thunder.7.It was a _ blow to him.8.There has been a _ earthquake in Iran.,appalling,terrific,horrible,afraid,fearful,frightful,terrible,dreadful,thoroughfare（para.27）a public road from one place to another Construction site ah
39、ead.No thoroughfare.前方施工，此路不通。road路 boulevard林荫大道 passage通过 main road主要道路 freeway高速公路 through road直通道路expressway高速公路 through street直通道avenue林荫道 highway公路 turnpike收费公路 street街道 highroad大路(容易进行的方法手段.access road(高速公路的)交流道.thruway高速公路,acquaintance(para.27)n.a.personal knowledge or information about some
40、one or something b.a relationship less intimate than friendship c.a person with whom you are acquainted make sbs acquaintancemake the acquaintance of与某人初次见面of sbs acquaintance所认识的，所了解的on first acquaintance初次相见时on closerfurther acquaintance经过进一步了解nodding acquaintance 点头之交Example He is not a friend of
41、 mine,only anacquaintance.他不是朋友我的,只是个熟人。I made hisacquaintanceat a party.我是在一次聚会上认识他的。He has only a limitedacquaintancewith the matter.他对这件事的了解很有限。,conquest（para.28）n.the act or process of conquering U攻取,征服,克服one that has been captivated or overcomeC俘虏 victory，conquest，triumph 这些名词均有“胜利”之意。victory:普
42、通用词，主要指在战争、斗争或竞赛中获得的胜利，侧重艰辛与成功。conquest:指获取胜利或征服，把败者置于控制之下。triumph:着重胜利或成功的辉煌与彻底。,The soldiers exulted at their_.2.Justice_in the end.3.They succeeded in the_of the city.,victory,triumphs,conquest,destine v.注定；命定；预定(para.28)destine for 驶往；注定 be destined to do注定 be destined to sth预定 be always destine
43、d to succeed 一定会取得成功 They weredestinednever to meet again.命运注定他们永不再相逢。,render（para.28）n.a substance similar to stucco but exclusively applied to masonry walls粉刷；打底；交纳 v.a.give in return of exchange,or as sth due报答;归还;给予 b.present;offer;send in an account for payment呈递,提供,开出 c.give a performance of演出
44、,扮演,演奏 d.express in another language翻译 e.cause to be in some condition使;致使 Example We are going torenderthem economic assistance.我们打算向他们提供经济援助。Rendering poetry into other languages is difficult.翻译诗歌是很困难的。make,cause,get,have,render 这些动词均有“使、使得”之意。make:普通用词，指强迫或劝诱他人做某事。cause:正式用词，侧重指使某事发生的原因。get:侧重指劝某
45、人做某事，或指使某事物处于某种状态或产生某种结果。have:普通用词，指让某人做某事。render:书面用词，多指因外界因素而使某人或某物处于某种状态。,gasp（para.29）v.a.vi.struggle for breath;take short quick breaths as a fish does out of water喘气;喘息,倒抽气 b.vt.utter in a breathless way喘着气说出 c.vi.want sth very much很想要n.quick deep breath of pain,surprise,etc C喘气,喘息 Hegaspedout
46、 the message.他喘着气说出了这个消息。Michelle recognized him and gave agaspof shock.米歇尔认出了他，吃惊地直喘气。,2.Informal to kill someone【非正式】杀死，除掉（某人）,Examplea woman whose husband had made several attempts to do away with her2.Thats why they simply just dont do away with me.,Do away with(para.31)v.to get of something so
47、that it does not exist longer 摆脱，废除Example:1.The long-range goal must be to do away with nuclear weapons altogether.2.Do away with the bad habits that might damage yourself.,有关away短语,1 Music washes away from the soul the dust of everyday life.2 Put away the heavy clothes.The weather is becoming much
48、 warmer.3 He that fights and runs away may live to fight another day.4 The Boss is away on Business so he could finger others around in the office.,get about(para32)a.to be able to go or travel to difficult place 四处走动，旅行 b.If news or information gets about,it is told to a lot of people(新闻或消息）传开Examp
49、le Nowadays people get about much more than they used to.The story has got about everywhere.No,a taxi will get you about the city faster get around The story has got aroundeveryone knows about it.传播,散播。这事已传开谁都知道了。It may take time,but well get around.回避，绕开。Does Abell get around a great deal 艾贝尔常出去走动吗
50、？Toms trying to get around his father to buy him a car.说服 get across The bridge was destroyed,so we couldnt get across.通过,横过（马路，桥）I spoke slowly but I cant get my meaning across.（使）被接受，被理解 They really get across me!他们实在叫我生气！,get atI cant get at the toolonthe shelf.我够不着架子上的工具。He is a hard man to get
