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1、II.Practical Writing,Its said that one of the two things that peopleare most afraid of is public speaking.Yet,the ability to make a wonderful speech is the onethat most of the modern people dream of.Watch a movie clip and take notes of the keypoints of making a public speech.,WritingPractical Writin
2、g,Making Speech,Speech Making,Building up your confidence practice in front of a mirroruse devices such as a tape recorder to improve your vocal techniquepractice in front of a small audience,WritingPractical Writing,Making a speech,use simple,direct words and sentencesknow exactly what you want to
3、say cut words wherever possible;be brief use everyday English,not jargon vary the length of your sentences use active verbs dont use passive voice dont use modifiers pay attention to the speed of your speech,speak clearlydont rush it dont mumble,WritingPractical Writing,1.Introduction OpeningAgenda(
4、topic,reasons they should trust you,how they benefit)Promise and/or Key Message,WritingPractical Writing,To begin with,you may tell a story,withhumor,or use a snappy quote,or you may start by getting your readers attention by reading some startlingstatistics or by asking thought-provokingquestions.T
5、he introduction should make up about 10 to 15 percent of the total speech.,WritingPractical Writing,2.The Body 2-5 main points.The most important points comefirst.Each point may include some/all of thefollowing elements:Statement of your messageFacts,statistics,findings that support your messageIllu
6、stration or personal story that supports your messageQuick exampleVisual aid,game,quiz,poem,song,audience interactionThen repeat the point and apply it to the audience,WritingPractical Writing,3.ClosingElements to include(in no particular order):Summary of main points Final summary story or special
7、effectsThanks to everybodyRepeating of the promise and/or key message,WritingPractical Writing,The end must be dramatic,conclusiveand must leave a lasting impression onthe listeners mind.You may use thesame strategies that you used for thebeginning.The conclusion should make up 5 to 10percent.,Writi
8、ngPractical Writing,Introduction:Good afternoon,everyone.My name isIm here today to talk aboutSignposting:First,Im going to talk about point 1,Then Ill move on to point 2,After that Ill look at point 3,And finally Ill finish my presentation with point 4,To start with later to finish up,WritingPracti
9、cal Writing,Starting the presentation:Lets begin with point 1Id like to start byFirst of all,IllTo start withMoving on to the next point:I would now like to look at point 2Now lets move on to point 2Thats all I have to say aboutWeve looked atSo much for,WritingPractical Writing,Developing a point:Fu
10、rthermore?Where does that lead us?Lets consider this in more detailsWhat does this mean for?Translated into real term,Giving examples:For example/instance,A good example for this isAs an illustration,To illustrate this point,WritingPractical Writing,Conclusion:Id like to finish by sayingTo sum up,Le
11、ts remind ourselves of the main points.Lets summarize what weve looked atFinally,let me remind you of some of the issues weve covered.Ending the presentation:And that concludes my presentation.If you have any question,please feel free to ask.,WritingPractical Writing,use body language to make the sp
12、eech more vivid and clearkeep eye contact with the audience dont panic if you forget a part,just start from the part you remember,WritingPractical Writing,Your Task,You got the first prize in a Reading Contest,and are going to make a speech on theAwarding Ceremony.Now lets enjoy a movie clip and wri
13、te yourown speech.,WritingPractical Writing,Oscar 1,II.Practical Writing,WritingPractical Writing,Writing a Speech,1.Different Types of Speeches,persuasive informative demonstrative commemorative,The four main categories of speeches are:,1)Persuasive Speeches,WritingPractical Writing,Purpose:trying
14、to influence the values,beliefs,attitudes,or behaviors of the listeners,Example:lawyer convincing the jury board or a politician seeking support from the electorate(选民)etc.,WritingPractical Writing,Purpose:trying to explain how things work or how to do something and to convince the audience of the v
15、alue and usefulness of the information youare sharing with them,Example:classroom lecture of the teacher on any new subject,etc.,2)Informative Speeches,WritingPractical Writing,3)Demonstrative Speeches,Purpose:trying to give the audience practical teaching of how to do something,Example:chefs teachi
16、ng at the television cooking show,etc.,WritingPractical Writing,4)Commemorative Speeches,Purpose:trying to remind the listeners of an important person or event from the past,Example:The Gettysburg Address by Abraham Lincoln,etc.,WritingPractical Writing,Other speeches,Speeches delivered on special o
17、ccasions such as:,toasts,award presentations,acceptance speeches,keynote addresses,commencementaddresses,and eulogies.,WritingPractical Writing,2.Basic Structure of a Speech,Conclusion:,Tell the audience what you are going to tell them.,Tell them what you mean to tell.,Tell the audience what you hav
18、e told them.,Introduction:,Body:,WritingPractical Writing,3.Tips for Writing a Speech,Make your introduction interesting either by offering a joke,quote,fact,or a story.,End your speech with a rousing conclusion.,Introduction and conclusion are the most important parts of a speech.,This speech was d
19、elivered by Abraham Lincoln at the dedication(献词)of the Soldiers National Cemetery(公墓)in Gettysburg,Pennsylvania on November 19,1863,four months after the Battle of Gettysburg.It is one of the most famous speeches in the history of the United States.,WritingPractical Writing,The Gettysburg Address,W
20、ritingPractical Writing,Fourscore and seven years ago,our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation,conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.Now we are engaged in a great civil war,testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so
21、dedicated can long endure.We are met on a great battlefield of that war.We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that this nation might live.It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.,The Gettysburg Address,Given N
22、ovember 19th 1863 by Abraham Lincoln,to be continued,WritingPractical Writing,But,in a larger sense,we cannot dedicate,we cannot consecrate,we cannot hallow this ground.The brave men,living and dead who struggled here have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract.The world will litt
23、le note nor long remember what we say here,but it can never forget what they did here.It is for us the living rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who foughthere have thus far so nobly advanced.,to be continued,WritingPractical Writing,It is rather for us to be here dedicate
24、d to the great task remaining before us that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain,that this nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom,and
25、 that government of the people,by the people,for thepeople shall not perish from this earth.,(The end),WritingPractical Writing,Elle Woods Delivers Student Address at Harvard Law Schools 2004 Graduation Ceremony,WritingPractical Writing,Professor Stromwell:I am,personally,very honored to introduce t
26、his years class-elected speaker.After getting off to a quite interesting start here at Harvard,she graduates today with an invitation to join one of Bostons most prestigious law firms.I am sure we are goingto see great things from her.Ladies and Gentlemen:Elle Woods.,WritingPractical Writing,Woods:O
27、n our very first day at Harvard,a very wise Professor quoted Aristotle:The law is reason free from passion.Well,no offense to Aristotle,but in my three years at Harvard I have come to find that passion is a key ingredient to the study and practice of lawand of life.It is with passion,courage of conv
28、iction,and strong sense of self that we take our next steps into the world,remembering that first impressions are not always correct.You must always have faith in people.And most importantly,you must always have faith in yourself.Congratulations class of 2004we did it!,WritingPractical Writing,Write a 3-minute speech on the following topic and deliver it in class:,The Greatest Invention in My Eyes,
