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1、1,电动汽车充电站建设与应用Construction and Application of Electric Vehicle Charging Station,主要内容 Main,2023/3/6,2,1.充电站建设现状Situation of Charging Station Construction,2.充电站建设关键技术Key technologies of Charging Station Construction,3.项目启动情况Initiation of Projects,2009、2010,121路公交线14辆车，28台充电机 121 bus line,14 EVs,28 cha
2、rgers 密云开发区10余辆车，10台充电机 Miyun Industrial Development Zone,over 10 EVs,10chargers,2008,2004,奥运会充电站世界最大55辆纯电动大巴，多项创新技术 Charging Station for Olympic Games 55 EV buses,the largest scale in the world,Several innovative technologies,四惠大型永久纯电动公交车充电站 large-scale permanent EV charging station in Sihui 航天桥、白云
3、观纯电动环卫车充电站 EV sanitation charging station in Hangtian Qiao、Baiyun Guan,宏 图future,跨 越develop,起 步Start,北京市 Beijing,国 内 充 电 站 现 状Situation of Charging Station,北京市科委示范充电站 多种电能补给模式，国 内首个包含光伏、储能的微网系统 Demonstration charging station of Beijing Municipal Science and Technology,Various energy supply mode,The
4、First micro-grid system with photovoltaic and energy storage in China.,北京121路电动公交客车充电站Beijing Bus 121 Charging Station,28台 30kW,4,2023/3/6,国 内 充 电 站 现 状Situation of Charging Station,北京奥运大巴充电站EV Bus Charging Station for Olympic Games,240台 79kW,5,2023/3/6,国 内 充 电 站 现 状Situation of Charging Station,北京纯
5、电动乘用车示范充电站Beijing Demonstration Charging Station of Pure Electric Passenger Vehicles,多种供电方式 Various mode of power supply 25kWp光伏发电系统 25kWp photovoltaic power generation system 50kWh储能系统 50kWh energy storage system 多种电能补给模式 Various mode of charging 慢充 Slow charging 快充 Fast charging,6,2023/3/6,国 内 充 电
6、 站 现 状Situation of Charging Station,北京纯电动乘用车示范充电站Beijing Demonstration Charging Station of Pure Electric Passenger Vehicles,7,2023/3/6,国 内 充 电 站 现 状Situation of Charging Station,8,上海市 Shanghai,2023/3/6,以奥运会充电站为模板follow the Olympic Games as a template 车辆更多（120辆）规模更大more Vehicles(120)larger scale 多项关键
7、技术升级Many upgraded key technology 运营管理方式升级upgraded Operations management,世博会充电站Charging Station for Expo,电力公司投资建设、面 向不同用户需求The investment ofthe power companiesFor different user needs 超前设计理念Advanced design concepts 无人值守全天候运行Uninterrupted and Unattended running 先进计量、计费管理方式Advanced metering andbilling
8、management,上海市漕溪充电站Shanghai Caoxi Charging Station,国 内 充 电 站 现 状Situation of Charging Station,上海电力公司漕溪充电站Charging Station of Shanghai Municipal Electric Power Company in Caoxi,9,2023/3/6,国 内 充 电 站 现 状Situation of Charging Station,上海世博会充电站Shanghai Charging Station for Expo,上海世博会充电站,10,2023/3/6,国 内 充
9、电 站 现 状Situation of Charging Station,天津充电站 Tianjin Charging Station,11,2023/3/6,国 内 充 电 站 现 状Situation of Charging Station,河南鄢陵花木园充电站 Yanling Huamuyuan Charging Stations in Henan,12,2023/3/6,国 内 充 电 站 现 状Situation of Charging Station,13,工作成果 Achievements,工 作 成 果Achievements,2023/3/6,14,工作成果 Achievem
10、ents,工 作 成 果Achievements,2023/3/6,主要内容 Main,2023/3/6,15,1.充电站建设现状Situation of Charging Station Construction,2.充电站建设关键技术Key technologies of Charging Station Construction,3.项目启动情况Initiation of Projects,关 键 技 术Key Technologies,16,2023/3/6,充电站建设关键技术Key Technologies of Charging Station Construction,深入研究工
11、作 Further Research,动力电池能源补给模式研究 Study of energy supply mode of dynamic battery 能源补给方式适用性 The Applicability of the Energy Supply Mode 电池快速充电技术 Fast Charge Technology of Dynamic Battery 动力电池更换策略 Replacement Tactics of Dynamic Battery 淘汰电池筛选方法和筛选系统研究 Research on method and selection of faded battery se
12、lection 电池的梯级利用 Cascade Utilization of the Battery 锂离子动力电池筛选方法和设备 Methods and Equipment of Lithium-ion Battery selection 充电站及车辆的综合监控与运营调度体系研究 Research on system of integrated monitoring of Charging station and vehicle,and scheduling and operation 充电站及车辆综合监控与运营调度系统拓扑结构 System Topology 控制策略、测试平台 Contr
13、ol Strategies,Test Platform 通信规约 Communication Protocol,深 入 研 究Further Research,2023/3/6,17,动力电池能源补给模式研究Study of energy supply mode of dynamic battery,2023/3/6,18,主要能源补给方式：电池更换、车载充电、地面常规充电、地面快速充电；Primary energy supply mode：Battery exchange,on-board charger,ground normal charging,fast charging；纯电动公交大
14、巴和大、中型纯电动环卫车：由于其特殊的定点定线运行、大密度发车、电池容量大等特点，电池更换是比较适合的能源补给模式。但是这种类型的充电站占地面积大，对电网容量要求高，设备投资大；EV buses,large and medium-sized electric sanitation vehicles：Because of its unique characteristics of fixed point and fixed-line operation,big density of starting out,large batteries capacity,etc.the battery exc
15、hange is a more appropriate mode of energy supply.But this kind of charging station covers a large area,requires a high grid capacity and a large investment in equipment；,深 入 研 究Further Research,动力电池能源补给模式研究Study of energy supply mode of dynamic battery,2023/3/6,19,纯电动乘用车和小型纯电动环卫车：充电方法目前还没有形成体系，如果采用
16、分散式的整车充电方式，占地少，对电网增容压力不大；由于节省了更换设备和备用电池，设备投资也能大幅度降低。由于现有的充电技术尚未解决快速充电问题，致使充电时间较长。Electric passenger vehicles and small electric sanitation vehicles：As the charging method has not yet been systemized,if decentralized vehicle charging method is adopted,it covers less area and poses less pressure on th
17、e grid;due to saved exchange equipment and spare batteries,equipment investment can be significantly reduced.As the existing charging technology issues yet to be resolved of fast charging,charging time。,深 入 研 究Further Research,电池梯级利用与筛选Cascade utilization and selection of the battery,2023/3/6,20,电池的
18、回收和再利用：锂离子电池容量衰减到80%后，就不能在电动汽车中使用；Battery recycling and reuse:Lithium-ion battery can not be used in EV when its capacity faded to 80%；电池再利用价值：通过电池的梯级利用，将电池应用到其他类领域，至少降低车用动力电池购置成本20%；Battery reuse value:through cascade use of the battery,battery can be applied to other fields,thus the acquisition co
19、st of battery of EV could be reduced 20%at least；,深 入 研 究Further Research,电池梯级利用与筛选Cascade utilization and selection of the battery,2023/3/6,21,储能应用：通过电池的大规模储能应用，可以对电网进行削峰填谷，降低充电站负荷的波动，减少对电网的影响；Energy Storage Applications:through large-scale energy storage applications of battery,the peak and valley
20、 load of the grid could be shifted;this could reduce the fluctuations of the load and the impact on the power grid；电池筛选：通过梯级利用电池的容量衰减规律对淘汰电池进行合理筛选，将参数处于同一水平的电池进行合理配组，能够有效的提高车辆淘汰电池容量利用率，延长车辆淘汰电池的继续使用寿命。Battery selection:using the cascade decay law of the battery capacity to select battery,and groupin
21、g battery with parameters of the same level,could effectively improve the capacity utilization of the faded battery,and to extend the life of faded battery。,深 入 研 究Further Research,充电站及车辆的综合监控与运营调度体系研究,2023/3/6,22,深 入 研 究Further Research,Research on system of integrated monitoring of Charging statio
22、n and vehicle,and scheduling and operation,智能电网 Smart Grid,发 展 趋 势development trend,2023/3/6,23,按照国家新能源汽车产业发展规划，预计2020年，仅上海市的电动汽车 市场规模就可达到约35万辆，必将成为不可忽视的分布式储能单元。According to developing plan of the national new energy automotive industry,electric vehicle market of Shanghai is expected to reach about
23、35 million in 2020,It would become a distributed energy storage units which can not be ignored.,电动汽车作为分布式储能单元接入电网已成为“智能电网”的重要组成部分。Electric vehicles have become an important component of smart grid to access grid as a distributed energy storage unit.,德国、美国等发达国家已开展V2G（Vehicle to Grid）相关技术研究。Germany,th
24、e United States and other developed countries have undertaken studies related to V2G(Vehicle to Grid)technology.,V2G概况 V2G Situation,2023/3/6,24,V2G指电动车辆的能量在受控状态下实现与电网的双向交换 V2G refers to achieve of a two-way exchange between the energy of electric vehicles and the grid in a controlled state.,接入电网的电动
25、汽车数量足够多，可以作为可移动的分布式储能装置，用于：If the number of EVs access to the grid is large enough,they could be distributed as a removable storage device,for:,V2G对未来电动汽车商业模式将产生重大影响 V2G will have a major impact on the future business model of EVs,V2G要实现商业化应用，最总依赖于电池技术的进步。（更长的循环寿命，更大的比能量）The commercial application o
26、f V2G depends on the battery technology.(Longer cycle life,greater energy ratio),调峰 Grid balancing services 旋转备用 Spinning reserves 新能源介入 new energy access,发 展 趋 势development trend,2023/3/6,V2G概况 V2G Situation,目前V2G相关研究与示范都在美国Present research and demonstration of V2G is all in the U.S.,美国特立华大学 Univer
27、sity of Delaware,美国特立华大学Kempton教授领导的团队，正在开展V2G试点研究In America,the team led by Professor,Kempton of University of Delaware,are carrying out pilot studies of V2G；2007年10月，成功将一辆AC Propulsion“eBox”（Toyota Scion改装车）Successfully refitted a AC Propulsion“eBox”in Oct.2007；接入电网并接受调度命令 connected to grid and re
28、ceive dispatching command 车辆作为调峰发电设备 the Vehicles behaved as grid balancing equipment,25,发 展 趋 势development trend,2023/3/6,V2G概况 V2G Situation,PG&E：一定数量的丰田普锐斯PHEV在GOOGLE园区示范PG&E:a certain number of the Toyota Prius PHEV demonstration in the GOOGLE Park Xcel Energy：6辆福特EscapeXcel Energy:6 Ford Escape
29、,其他研究V2G的机构有：国家可再生能源实验室，Warwick大学Other institutions researching V2G are:National Renewable Energy Laboratory,Warwick University,开展V2G示范的电力公司有The power companies carrying demonstration of V2G are:,26,发 展 趋 势development trend,2023/3/6,27,微网系统 Micro-Grid System,分布式储能Distributed Generation&Storage,光伏,新能
30、源Renewable,电动汽车Electric Vehicle,电表Advanced Metering,控制接口,网络Internet,智能用户端设备Smart End-Use Devices,发 展 趋 势development trend,充放电站微网Charge and Discharge Station Mico-grid,2023/3/6,28,发 展 趋 势development trend,photovoltaic,Charge and discharge station,Important load,common load,主要内容 Main,2023/3/6,29,1.充电站
31、建设现状Situation of Charging Station Construction,2.充电站建设关键技术Key technologies of Charging Station Construction,3.项目启动情况Initiation of Projects,目前进展 Project Situation,充电站供电方式和充电机比较 Comparison of Charging Station Power Supply Mode and Charger 充电站的优化设计方案 Optimal Design of Charging Station 充电站与电网的相互影响 Inter
32、action of Charging station and grid,2023/3/6,30,目 前 进 展Project Situation,充电站供电方式Charging Station Power Supply Mode,收集资料、比较直流供电和交流供电的充电站系统拓扑结构；Collecting information,comparing the system topology of DC and AC powered charging station;分析充电站的供电方式与充电机的主电路结构的关系。Analysis of the relationship between the po
33、wer supply mode of charging station and the main circuit structure of charger.,2023/3/6,31,目 前 进 展Project Situation,2023/3/6,32,供 电 方 式Power Supply Mode,直流供电DC Supply,交流供电AC Supply,充电机结构charger structure,建立了一般高频充电机（不控整流桥的充电机）单台充电机仿真模型，并进行了验证；Established and verified simulation model of a single conv
34、entional high-frequency charger;建立了十二脉波整流充电机单台充电机仿真模型。Established simulation model of a single 12-pulse rectifier charger.,2023/3/6,33,目 前 进 展Project Situation,2023/3/6,34,充 电 机 模 型Charger Model,单台充电机接入系统仿真模型Simulation model of a single charger connected to grid,2023/3/6,35,不控整流充电机仿真模型Simulation Mod
35、el of uncontrolled rectifier charger,充 电 机 模 型Charger Model,2023/3/6,36,十二脉波整流充电机单台充电机仿真模型Simulation Model of a single12-pulse rectifier charger,充 电 机 模 型Charger Model,充电站的优化设计方案Optimal Design of Charging Station,建立了充电站直流供电方式中DC-DC斩波器的仿真模型，并搭建了实验电路，计算并初步验证了该部分的功率损耗及运行效率；Established simulation model
36、of DC-DC chopper in DC powered charging station,built the experimental circuit,calculated and validated the power loss and efficiency of this part;建立了两种供电方式中DC-AC逆变电路的仿真模型，并搭建了试验样机，目前正在进行实验，以验证理论上对该部分通态损耗分析相关结果；Established simulation model of DC-AC inverter circuit in two modes of power supply,and b
37、uilt an experimental prototype.Currently conducting an experiment to validate the result of the on-state loss analysis calculated in theory;,2023/3/6,37,目 前 进 展Project Situation,充电站的优化设计方案Optimal Design of Charging Station,为实现蓄电池充电智能化，提高充电效率，研究了充电过程的智能管理，同时为防止各种过充或短路现象发生，在直流输入和蓄电池之间设计了智能充电控制器；To ach
38、ieve intelligent battery charging,improve charge efficiency,studied the intelligent management in the charging process.An intelligent battery charge controller is added between the DC input and the battery to prevent over-charging or short-circuit;在PWM整流器环节设计了PFC功率校正电路，大大提高了电能利用效率。The PFC circuit is
39、 added in the PWM rectifier,which greatly improves the energy efficiency.,2023/3/6,38,目 前 进 展Project Situation,充电站与电网的相互影响interaction of Charging station and grid,建立了充电站谐波测量模型；Established harmonic measurement model of Charging Station;针对一般高频充电机，即整流部分为不控整流桥的充电机，建立了多台充电机充电时的谐波测量模型，及多台充电机不同时充电时的谐波测量模型，
40、该模型也可以测量充电机的功率因数。Aimed at the conventional high-frequency charger,which is uncontrolled rectifier bridge charger,we set up harmonic measurement model of multiple chargers multiple chargers charging at the same time and vice versa.This modelcould also be used to measure the power factor of the charge
41、.,2023/3/6,39,目 前 进 展Project Situation,2023/3/6,40,充 电 站 谐 波Charging station harmonic,单台充电机接入系统谐波曲线Harmonic Circle of a single charger connected to grid,2023/3/6,41,充电站谐波,多台充电机接入系统的仿真模型 Harmonic Circle of multi-chargers connected to grid,Thank You!,北京交通大学 电气工程学院Beijing Jiaotong UniversitySchool of Electrical engineering,
