《英语语法 一致关系.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语语法 一致关系.ppt（35页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、Agreement,1、语法一致,语法一致的原则是指主语为单数或复数时，其谓语动词要与其相呼应。但我们要注意一些特殊情况；,2、意义一致的原则：,指谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面的语法标志.,3.就近一致,谓语与靠近的那个主语保持一致.,1、语法一致,语法一致的原则是指主语为单数或复数时，其谓语动词要与其相呼应。但我们要注意一些特殊情况；,1）以along with,together with,with,as well as,rather than,in addition to,but,except,besides，like,including连接的两个主语，其谓语的单
2、复数以第一个主语为主。,is,Air,as well as water,_ matter.,is,2)用and 连接的并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数，这时 and 后面的名词前没有冠词。,A hammer and a saw _ useful tools.,are,The poet and writer_coming.,is,3)成对的名词，如bread and butter涂黄油的 面包，soda and water汽水，coffee and milk 加牛奶的咖啡，aim and end目的，salt and water 盐开水等，虽然有and连接，但仍表单一概
3、念，作主 语时，谓语用单数。,A knife and fork _ on the table.Whisky and soda _ always his favorite drink.,is,is,4)如果主语是由and连接的两个单数名词，但前面有each,every,no 等词修饰时，谓语用单数。,Every boy and every girl in this village _ taught to read and write.,No student and no teacher _ invited to the party.,is,is,5)表示度量、价格、时间的复数名词词组作主语时一被
4、看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。,Ten miles _ a good distance.,is,6)动名词,动词不定式或从句作主语，其谓语用单数形式。,Serving the people _ my greatest happiness.To master a foreign language _ very important.When well go out for an outing _ been decided,is,is,hasnt,What we want _ another 20 people.,are,7)主语是“each of”，时，其谓语用单数。复数名词+each作主语,谓语
5、动词用复数.,They each _ an English dictionary.Each of us _ something to say.,have,has,8)主语是none,neither,no等既可表示复数意 义又可表示单数意义，其谓语视情况而定。但在代表 不可数概念时,谓语动词用单数.,None of us_ perfect.None of us _ good swimmers.None of us _ a good swimmer.None of this _ me.(worry),are/is,are,is,worries,9)不定代词all,more,most,any,等以及
6、名词half,part,the rest等既可表示复数意义又可表示单数意义，其谓语视情况而定。,Most of the apples_ rotten.,Most of the apple _ eaten.,were,was,1o)“a number of+名词复数”作主语，谓语用复数；“the number of+名词复数”作主语，谓语用单数。,A number of pupils _ reading picture-books.(like),The number of deer,lions and wild roses _ not change much if people leave th
7、ings as they are.,does,like,12)“的几分之几”和“的百分之几”作主语时，其谓语用单数或复数取决于 of 后的名词。,Three-fourths of the surface of the earth _ sea.,40 percent of the students in our class _ girls.,is,are,13)主语是表示数量的“one and a half+复数名词”，其谓语用单数形式 主语是“one or two+复数名词”，其谓语用复数形式。,One and a half bananas _ left on the table.There
8、_ one or two things Id like to know about.,is,are,14)由 many a 或 more than+单数名词作 主语时，其谓语用单数形式。,Many a foreigner _ been to the Great Wall.More than one student _ visited the exhibition.,has,has,I,who _ your teacher,will teach you everything I know.,She is the only one of these women who _ the violin.(
9、play),am,plays,15)在定语从句中主语是关系代词who,that,which,谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。,16)“one of+复数名词+定语从句”之前有the only,the very,the等限定词和修饰语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。,17)主语是a/this/that kind of+名词，谓语与 kind保持一致.名词+a/this/that kind,谓语与名词保持 一致。,This kind of cloth _ soft.(feel)There _ different kinds of animals.This kind of actors_ easi
10、ly found.Actors of this kind _ easily found.,feels,are,are,is,18)算式中表示数目的主语通常看作单数，其谓语常用单数形式，也可用复数。,Five times four is(are)twenty.,2、意义一致的原则：,指谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面的语法标志.,类似这样的集体名词有：family,class,audience,committee（委员会）,crowd,crew,group,party,population,team,public,council（理事会）,village等。,His fam
11、ily _ all music lovers.His family _ very big.,are,is,1)某些集体名词后可跟动词单数或复数。如果这些集体名词指整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；指具体成员时用复数。,2)主语是一些只有复数形式的名词，如clothes,trousers,glasses,compasses,scissors,shoes,socks,gloves等时，谓语用复数。但这类表示成双的东西的名词前有a pair of修饰时，谓语用单数。,My trousers _ new;There _ a pair of shoes in the box.,are,is,3)主语是以-ic
12、s 结尾的学科名词mathematics,politics,physics以及news,works(工厂)和用作书名The Arabian Nights、报纸名The new York Times国名The United States等都属复数形式，而意义单数的名词，其谓语用单数形式。另外means一词单复数同形应视具体情况而定。,Mathematics _ to be difficult to learn.(seem)A new means of teaching _ being used in that school.,The United States _ a developed cou
13、ntry.,注：学科名词前如有物主代词修饰时，谓语常用复数。,My mathematics _ weak.,is,seems,is,are,3)the+形容词或分词作主语时，如指一类人。其谓语用 复数，如指抽象概念，其谓语用单数.,The rich _ not always happy.The new _ sure to replace the old.,are,is,3.就近一致,谓语与靠近的那个主语保持一致.,1)由here,there,where 引导的倒装句中.,1)Here_ the bus.2)There _ a pen and two books on the table.3)W
14、here _ your wife and children?,comes,is,is,2)由or,eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also等连接的并列主语.,1)Neither the students nor the teacher _ anything about it.2)He or you _taken my pen.,knows,have,历年高考题,A library with five thousand books_ to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D
15、.have offered,2.On the wall_ two large portraits.A.hangs B.hang C.hanged D.hanging,历年高考题,3.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.A.is B.are C.am D.be4.All but one _ here just now.A.is B.was C.has been D.were,5.“News of victories _ pouring in as our army ad
16、vances,”the commander said.A.keep B.keeps C.kept D.have kept 6.There _ a lot of milk in the bottle.A.are B.is C.were D.has,历年高考题,32.Whats the _ of having a public open space where you cant eat,drink or even simply hang out for a while?（2008福建）A.sense B.matter C.case D.opinion11.Most air pollution is
17、 caused by the burning of _ like coal,gas and oil.（2008天津卷）A.fuels B.articles C.goods D.products34.I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale;it was a real_.（2008山东）A.exchange B.bargain C.trade D.business27.Shall we go out for a walk?Sorry.This is not the right _ to invite me.I am too tired to w
18、alk.（2008江西卷）A.moment B.situation C.place D.chance,21.The young man made a _ to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation.(2008湖北卷)A.prediction B.promise C.plan D.contribution22.The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly_(2008湖北卷)A.atmosphere B.state C.situation D.phenomenon24.To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten,the students in our school started a discussion“Save Our _”（2008安徽卷）A.Sky B.Life C.Arts D.Voices,
