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1、Chapter 18Three Operating Systems,The Architecture of Computer Hardware and Systems Software:An Information Technology Approach 3rd Edition,Irv EnglanderJohn Wiley and Sons 2003Wilson Wong,Bentley CollegeLinda Senne,Bentley College,Chapter 18Three Operating Systems,18-2,Three Operating Systems,Micro
2、soft Windows 2000/XPUNIX and LinuxIBM zSeries z/OS,Chapter 18Three Operating Systems,18-3,Microsoft Windows 2000/XP,Design GoalsOperating System FeaturesUser EnvironmentDesktop ComponentsWindows 2000/XP ArchitectureOverviewSystem Block DiagramLogical Memory Map,Chapter 18Three Operating Systems,18-4
3、,Design Goals,ExtensibilityObject-based modular designPortabilityWritten in C and C+to facilitate porting to other CPUsReliabilityKernel architecture design to protect from internal errors and buggy application programsDownward compatibilityCompatible with earlier versions of Windows and DOSScalabil
4、ity and PerformanceSupports symmetric multiprocessing,Chapter 18Three Operating Systems,18-5,Operating System Features,Single user 32-bit or 64-bit,pre-emptive multi-tasking operating systemPowerful GUI that behaves consistently for local,network,and Internet useSupport for new capabilitiesMultimedi
5、a,plug-and-play hardware,electrical power conservationManageable and secure file system with built-in recoverability options and is downwardly compatibleAPI that provides a wide range of services to simplify application development and ensure consistencyBuilt-in networking and a new distributed file
6、 systemNetwork server capabilities,Chapter 18Three Operating Systems,18-6,User Environment,Simple for novice,powerful for advanced userTools,operations and applications that use the API behave in a consistent mannerExtensive context-sensitive helpUsers system parameters are modifiableApplications an
7、d users have access to the same services and interface featuresTools and operations perform reasonably and in an intuitive manner,Chapter 18Three Operating Systems,18-7,Desktop Components,Chapter 18Three Operating Systems,18-8,Windows 2000/XP Architecture,Modified microkernel-basedUser modeEnvironme
8、ntal subsystemsExpose OS services to the user through an APISystem support processesLogon and user session managementServer processesProtected(kernel)modeHardware abstraction layerKernelExecutive layer,Chapter 18Three Operating Systems,18-9,Executive Layer,Object managerProvides standardized interfa
9、ce for objectsProcess managerVirtual memory managerI/O managerSecurity reference monitorAll protected objects are monitoredEnforces validation procedures and audits Local Procedure Call(LPC)Control of all service requests and interprocess activitiesWindowing and Graphics SystemManages Windows graphi
10、csProvides Windows screen interface tools,Chapter 18Three Operating Systems,18-10,Overview of Windows 2000,Chapter 18Three Operating Systems,18-11,System Block Diagram,Chapter 18Three Operating Systems,18-12,Logical Memory Map,Chapter 18Three Operating Systems,18-13,UNIX and Linux,Design GoalsPionee
11、ring Design FeaturesOperating System FeaturesUser EnvironmentGeneral OrganizationKernel operations,Chapter 18Three Operating Systems,18-14,Design Goals,Easy-to-use,interactive,powerful,and flexible interfacePowerful programming toolsCompilers and associated toolsUse of small,simple utility programs
12、to perform tasks and to construct more complex applicationsSmall and simple kernel together with a separate interface shellLogical file systemMulti-tasking and multiuser capabilitiesSimple system portability,Chapter 18Three Operating Systems,18-15,Pioneering OS Design Features,Process creation and c
13、ontrolSeparate shell for user interfaceHierarchical directory file systemAbility to combine small independent software modules to accomplish a more complex task,Chapter 18Three Operating Systems,18-16,Operating System Features,Preemptive multitasking with multiuser capability,automatic scheduling,an
14、d background executionUser shells that provide an interactive interface,commands,and programming toolsInteractive process creation and managementHierarchical,tree-based file systemKernelNetwork administration tools,Chapter 18Three Operating Systems,18-17,User Environment,LoginUser name and passwordS
15、tart-up file for user environment customizationsSystem,group,and user protections are setInterface shellsBourne shell,C shell,and Korn shell are the most commonly usedCommand line promptX-Windows interfaceLogins to remote UNIX computers,Chapter 18Three Operating Systems,18-18,General Organization of
16、 a UNIX System,Chapter 18Three Operating Systems,18-19,Kernel Operations,Virtual storage and memory managementProcess managementFile managementI/O managementNetworking and communication,Chapter 18Three Operating Systems,18-20,Virtual Address Space for a Process,Chapter 18Three Operating Systems,18-2
17、1,IBM zSeries z/OS,Design GoalsOperating System ServicesUser EnvironmentUser InterfacesMVS OrganizationVirtual Memory Map for a TaskData Management,Chapter 18Three Operating Systems,18-22,Design Goals,Maximize system performance and availabilityMaximize amount of processing by providing support for
18、execution of batch programsMinimize operator support effortReliabilitySecurity,Chapter 18Three Operating Systems,18-23,Virtual File System vs.Socket Layered Structure,Chapter 18Three Operating Systems,18-24,Operating System Services,Sophisticated resource allocation services and workload managementD
19、ata set management servicesJob and task managementVirtual storage operation and managementNetwork servicesTime-sharing supportSystem resource logging,auditing and accountingError detection,recovery,and loggingReassignment of tasks and data to other resources in the event of an error or failureSystem
20、 support programs and facilitiesSecurity servicesLarge-scale cluster support,Chapter 18Three Operating Systems,18-25,User Environment,BCP,Base Control ProgramJCL,Job Control LanguageTSO,Time Sharing OptionUsed for program development and job preparationJES,Job Entry SubsystemJob submissionsISPF,Inte
21、ractive System Productivity FacilityMenu-driven facility that serves as an extension to TSOCICS,Customer Information Control SystemApplication enabler that provides services to application programs that have been developed to work with itUNIX,Chapter 18Three Operating Systems,18-26,User Interfaces,C
22、hapter 18Three Operating Systems,18-27,MVS Organization,Chapter 18Three Operating Systems,18-28,Virtual Memory Map for a Task,Chapter 18Three Operating Systems,18-29,Data Management,Data setsz/OS filesSequential,random,or indexed sequential accessFixed or variable sizePartitionedDirectoryMembers-gro
23、up of independent,related recordsCatalogsz/OS directoriesMaster catalog for the systemVTOC catalog for a DASD(disk)deviceUser catalog has an indexed entry in the master catalog,Chapter 18Three Operating Systems,18-30,Steps in Location of a Data Set,Chapter 18Three Operating Systems,18-31,Copyright 2
24、003 John Wiley&Sons,All rights reserved.Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted in Section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without express permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.Request for further information should be addressed to the permissions Department,John Wiley&Songs,Inc.The purchaser may make back-up copies for his/her own use only and not for distribution or resale.The Publisher assumes no responsibility for errors,omissions,or damages caused by the use of these programs or from the use of the information contained herein.”,
