中英文翻译旋转门.doc

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1、旋转门起源于荷兰,至今已有一百年的历史,在这段时间内,从以前意义的专门到今天的全自动旋转门,旋转门经历了一个漫长的发展历史。其种类较多,按控制方式可分为全自动旋转门、半自动旋转门和手动旋转门;按旋转翼结构方式可分为两翼旋转门、三翼旋转门和四翼旋转门;按结构材料科分为金属框架旋转门、水晶旋转门和木旋转门。国外自动旋转门发展较早。器技术也较为成熟。自动旋转门的传动系统技术具有节能、低噪音、传动平稳、寿命长、性能可靠等优点;控制系统采用数字化设计的系统作为控制中枢,有功能更强大,操作更简便等优点;检测安全系统采用先进的红外与微波感应技术,用于感知物体的移动,操纵门体的运行,使用各种安全检测传感器,实

2、现防夹、防撞、防碰功能。与此同时某些厂家生产的自动旋转门还具有远程控制和液晶显示功能。新中国成立以来,特别是改革开放以后,旋转门也大量的出现在我国的各种公共和高档场合。在我们高楼耸立的大都市,在大厦、宾馆、酒店、银行、商场、写字楼,自动门已经是随处可见。自动门不但能给我们带来人员进出方便、节约空调能源、防风、防尘、降低噪音等好处,更令我们的大门增添了不少高贵典雅的气息。自动旋转门是楼宇设备中的光机电一体化技术产品,它给人以亲切大方的感觉,同时营造出奢华的气氛,其全新的概念,宽敞的开放门面和高格调的设计,堪称建筑物的点睛之笔,立足于建筑时代大潮的最前端。大厦在需要持续不断的人流出入的同时,又要保

3、持建筑物内良好的空气循环及环境的优美,这是建筑师所遇到的一大难题,而旋转门为大厦提供了理想的解决方案,它可有效地防风、防尘和隔音,从而改善了大厦入口附近的环境。旋转门的最大优点在于它永远开门,又永远关门,即对于行人来说,门总可以打开,可对于建筑物来说门又总是关着。自动旋转门由于其永远开启的同时又永远关闭的特点,使其动态密封效果较好。因此,自动旋转门在功能方面具有独特的发展。1) 旋转门的定义旋转门:单扇或多扇沿竖轴转动的门叫旋转门。自动旋转门:利用各种控制器、信号控制,实现单扇或多扇沿竖轴自动转动和自动停止的门叫自动旋转门。自动门中的顶级产品,旋转门给人以亲切大方的感觉,同时营造出奢华的气氛,

4、其宽敞的开放门面和高格调设计,堪称建筑物的点睛之笔。其全新的概念,无可动摇地立足于建筑时代大潮的最前端。但其高造价也不是一般人能接受的。2)自动旋转门的结构传统的三翼和四翼旋转门就是这种结构,即中心门轴通过轴承机构垂直安装于地面,三个或四个门翼呈发散式固定在中心门轴上,各门扇之间的角度相等,人在内扇之间推动(按逆时针)门扇,就成为一个手动旋转门。中心门轴的上方安装电动机及其他电气控制部件,再配以感应装置和安全装置,就成为自动旋转门。这种结构是稳定性,使用的可靠性很高,使用寿命长。考虑到旋转门在停止时一定要密封,所以三翼旋转门的每个分隔可以容纳更多的人,可是门的净开口的宽度较小。而四翼旋转门的每

5、个分隔可以容纳较少的人,可是门的净开口宽度却较大。但是,这种旋转门门翼与中心轴的固定方式决定了门扇宽度不能太大,所以这种旋转门的直径最大只有约4M。为了解这一问题,工程师们将中心门轴设计成了中间展示室,相对减小了门扇宽度,增加了电机对门中心的旋转作用力矩,使这种旋转门的最大直径扩大到6M,中间展示室又有很好的装饰效果。作为通道门的自动旋转门还要考虑紧急状态时人员的快速疏散,于是旋转门的门翼要能够在停电时手动推开,所以带紧急打开功能的自动旋转门采用特制的类似合页的门体接五金件。可是当风压很大时,这种门扇结构容易被风吹开。五金件的强度也成为这种自动旋转门的主要质量问题之一。国际自动旋转门生产厂又设

6、计了专用的电磁锁,在断电时才使门扇可以被推动。3)自动旋转门的性能大厦在需要持续不断的人流出入的同时,又要保持建筑物内良好的空气循环及环境的优美,这是建筑师所遇到的一大难题,而旋转门为大厦提供了理想的解决方案,它可有效地防风、防尘和隔音,从而改善了大厦入口附近的环境。旋转门的最大优点在于它永远开门,又永远关门,即对于行人来说,门总可以打开,可对于建筑物来说门又总是关着。自动旋转门由于其永远开启的同时又永远关闭的特点,使其动态密封效果较好。因此,自动旋转门在保安功能方面具有独特的发展,但在人员流量方面自动旋转门却没有优势,因为门的转速是固定的,每个门翼之间可容纳的人员也是有限的。每种自动旋转门都

7、有标定的人员流量数值。自动旋转门由于其永远开启的同时又永远关闭的特点,使其动态密封效果在经常使用的条件下相对于其它两种自动门要好。由于自动旋转门的人流量有限,在大型公共场合还是选择其它两种自动门,毕竟自动旋转门的本成较高。通常在自动旋转门两侧另设自动或手动平开门,一方面增加通行能力,另一方面当自动旋转门出现故障时,不影响人的通过。但是在静态密封效果方面,自动旋转门远不如其它自动门,因为其门体运动方式决定着只能使用毛条密封。4) 旋转门在我国的市场前景随着我国国民经济持续稳定地增长,2008年北京申奥成功和WTO的加入。从本世纪开始,我国进入了全面建设小康社会的新阶段,创造美好生活环境是装饰业发

8、展的巨大推动力。现代城市建筑物装饰装修中,将高科技应用到建筑物的外观形象上,使城市建筑的入口体现出智能化。对门的选择由单一的功用型向个性化、品位化发展,旋转门以其全新的概念,宽敞开放的门面和高格调的设计,自然成为当代的建筑装饰的主流,无可质疑的必选设施。堪称建筑物的点睛之笔。自动旋转门控制系统主要由旋转门、接近传感器、可编程序控制器和变频器组成。 1)旋转门及接近传感器 该旋转门由4扇玻璃门相互垂直地镶嵌在同一个轴柱上构成,电机通过减速机构带动旋转门的轴柱,从而产生门的旋转运动。为了实现系统的全部自动化和智能化,系统在旋转门圆形框架的上端,安装了4个接近传感器,其中3个面向进门的行人,一个面向

9、出门的行人;在门框外侧的边沿上分别安装了2套防夹传感器;在圆弧门框外侧的表面上,分别安装了暂停按键和残疾人专用换速按键。2)可编程控制器PLC该系统利用三菱公司的FXOS-14MR-001系列PLC,作为该系统的控制指挥中心。该PLC把来自旋转门现场的检测信号、变频器的状态信号以及楼宇自动监控系统的指令,经过收集、处理后,完成对变频器的频率控制和对楼宇自动监控系统的信息反馈。3)变频器 由于旋转门处于公共场所,行人或物品阻碍旋转门正常旋转的现象时常发生,因此导致电动机的负载变化大、过电流现象发生频繁,所以选用通用JP6C-T9-0.75型变频器。该变频器具有快速响应的电流限制功能,当负载波动相

10、当大时,变频器不跳闸,能自动减速运行;当负载恢复正常时,变频器能自动升速到设定值。使用该变频器,电动机低速驱动能力强,起动转矩能达到额定值的150。该变频器还具有电压自整定等一系列先进功能。 4)旋转门运行状态诊断程序 楼宇自动监控系统除了使用摄像机获取旋转门的外部工作状态信息外,还需要使用PLC获取旋转门控制系统内部的工作状态信息。所以在编辑控制系统内部状态诊断程序时,不但要照顾到现场维护人员能利用PLC诊断故障,还照顾到楼宇自动监控系统准确、方便地使用PLC提供的诊断信息。综上所述,该旋转门设计新颖、外观大方、功能齐全、使用控制方便,行人所接触到的按键也能够保证安全。同时,接近传感器的可靠

11、性也是实现旋转门控制系统自动化和智能化关键之一。是集机电于一体化的高新技术产品。同时其较好地满足了广大用户的求,扩大了PLC和通用变额器的应用范围,提高了旋转门控制系统的自动化和智能化程度,深受物业管理行业科技人员和维护人员的青睬。 PLC控制系统硬件设计需满足如下几个功能:(1)自动转停功能 来人时自动启动,并以正常转速动转,15s时无人进出,则自动停转并封门。(2)残疾变速功能 旋转门设有低速,中速,高速三种旋转速度,分别对应残疾,middle和high三个按钮进行切换,以适应残疾人通过、正常运转和紧急疏散对转速的不同要求。30s内始终以2r/min的速度低速运转,此时按中速(Middle

12、)和高速(High)无效,以确保残疾人安全通过。30s后来人,门自动以正常速度运转。(3)防夹功能 当门扇运转靠近曲壁立柱时,如果行人试图从两者之间(防夹区)进入旋转门,则门立即自动停转以防夹伤行人。行人离开防夹区,门自动恢复运转。(4)防撞功能 行人紧靠右侧立柱或遇到物体碰撞右侧立柱,则旋转门马上停转,以防止撞伤行人或撞坏物体,行人或物体离开右侧立柱,自动门恢复运转。(5)防碰功能 行人在旋转门内通行过程中,如遇到门扇碰到行人脚后跟,则门立即停转,以防止碰伤行人。行人离开门扇,门自动恢复旋转。(6)急停功能 当出现紧急意外事故十,按下急停按钮,门立即停转,解除急停信号,门又自动恢复运转。(7

13、)暂停功能(STOP按钮) 与急停功能相当,不同的是按STOP钮后,必须用残疾,middle和high三个按钮中的一个进行恢复。(8)电动机过载保护功能 当电动机过载时,门停转并且指示灯闪烁报警。过载消除后门自动恢复运转。(9)变频器报警输出和延时自动复位功能 当变频器过压或过流时,关闭输出,门停转并报警( 指示灯闪烁),延时3s自动复位。1) 最大限度地满足被控对象的控制要求 充分发挥PLC的功能,最大限度地满足被控对象的控制要求,是设计PLC控制系统的首要前提,这也是设计中最重要的一条原则。这就要求设计人员在设计前就要深入现场进行调查研究,收集控制现场的资料,收集相关先进的国内、国外资料。

14、2) 保证控制系统的安全可靠 保证PLC控制系统能够长期安全、可靠、稳定运行,是设计控制系统的重要原则。这就要求设计者在系统设计、元器件选择、软件编程上要全面考虑,以确保控制系统安全可靠。3)满足上面条件的前提下,力求使控制系统简单经济适用和维修方 在满足控制要求的前提下,一方面要注意不断地扩大工程的效益,另一方面也要注意不断地降低工程的成本。这就要求设计者不仅应该使控制系统简单、经济,而且要使控制系统的使用和维护方便、成本低,不宜盲目追求自动化和高指标。4)选择PLC是要考虑生产和工艺改进所需的余量 由于技术的不断发展,控制系统的要求也将会不断提高,设计时要适当考虑到今后控制系统发展和完善的

15、需要。这就要求在选择PLC、输入/输出模块、I/O点数和内存容量时,要适当留有余量,以满足今后生产的发展和工艺的改进。PLC有两种基本的工作状态,即运行(RUN)状态和停止(STOP)状态。RUN状态是执行应用程序的状态。STOP状态一般用于程序的编制、修改和下载。为了使PLC的输出能够及时相应可能随时变化的输入信号,用户程序不是只执行一次,而是反复不断地重复执行,直至PLC停机或切换到STOP状态,因此PLC采用的是周期循环扫描工作方式。一个扫描周期可分为以下5个阶段:内部处理阶段、通信服务阶段、输入采样阶段、程序执行阶段和输出刷新阶段。CPU对用户程序的执行过程是CPU的循环扫描过程,并且

16、是采用周期性地集中输入采样、集中输出刷新的方式来完成的。1)内部处理阶段CPU对PLC内部的硬件作故障检查,复位监控定时等。2)通信服务阶段通信服务阶段是扫描周期的信息处理阶段,PLC与外围设备、编程器、网络设备等进行通信,CPU处理从通信端口接收到的信息。当PLC处于STOP状态时,只执行以上两个阶段的操作。当PLC处于RUN状态时,还要完成输入采样、程序执行和输出刷新阶段的操作。在PLC存储器中,设置了一片区域用来存放输入信号和输出信号的状态,它们分别称为输入映像寄存器和输出映像寄存器。PLC梯形图中的其他编程软件也有对应的映像存储区,它们统称为元件映像寄存器。3)输入采样(输入处理)阶段

17、每次扫描周期开始时,先读取输入端子的当前值,然后写到输入映像寄存器中。在随后的用户程序执行的过程中,CPU访问输入映像寄存器,而非读取输入端子的状态,通常要求输入信号有足够的脉冲宽度,才能被相应。4)程序执行阶段 用户程序执行阶段,PLC按照梯形图的顺序,自左而右、自上而下地逐步扫描,在这一阶段中,CPU从用户程序的第一条指令开始执行直到最后一条指令结束,程序运行结果放入输出映像寄存器和其他软元件映像寄存器中。CPU逐条解释并执行用户程序。在此阶段,允许对数字量I/O指令和不设置数字滤波的模拟量I/O指令进行处理,在扫描周期的各个部分,均可对中断事件进行响应。5)输出刷新(输出处理)阶段每个扫

18、描周期结束时,CPU先把存在输出映像寄存器中的数据写入输出锁存器中。再输出到数字量输出端子,以更新输出状态。然后PLC进入下一个循环周期,重新执行输入采样阶段,周而复始。综上所述,在输入处理阶段,PLC把所有外部输入电路的接通/断开状态读入输入映像寄存器。外接的输入触电接通时,对应的输入映像寄存器为“1”状态,梯形图中对应的输入继电器的常开触点接通,常闭触点断开。外接的输入触点电路断开时,对应的输入映像寄存器为“0”状态,梯形图中对应的输入继电器的常开触点断开,常闭触点接通。在程序执行阶段,即使外部输入信号的状态发生了改变,输入映像寄存器的状态也不会随之而变,输入信号变化了的状态只可能在下一个

19、扫描周期的输入处理阶段被读入。PLC的用户程序由若干条指令组成,指令在存储器中按步序号顺序排列。在没有跳转指令时,CPU从第一条指令开始,逐条顺序地执行用户程序,直到用户程序结束为止。在执行指令时,从输入映像寄存器或其他元件映像寄存器中将有关编程软件的0/1状态读出来,并根据指令的要求执行相应的逻辑运算,运算的结果写入到对应的元件映像寄存器中。因此,各编程元件的映像寄存器的内容会随着程序的执行而变化。在输出处理阶段,CPU将输入映像寄存器的0/1状态传送到输出锁存器。梯形图中某一输出继电器的线圈“通电”时,对应的输出映像寄存器为“1”状态。上面某一编程软件(如输入继电器、输出继电器)对应的映像

20、寄存器为“1”状态时,称该编程元件为ON,元件映像寄存器为“0”状态时,称该编程元件为OFF。信号经输出模块隔离和功率放大后,继电器型输出模块中对应的硬件继电器的线圈通电,其常开触点闭合,使外部负载通电工作。如果梯形图中输出继电器的线圈“断电”,对应的输出映像寄存器为“0”状态。在输出刷新阶段之后,继电器型输出模块中对应的硬件继电器的线圈断电,其常开触点断开,外部负载断电,停止工作。译文 Revolving door originated in Holland, has been one hundred years of history, at that time, before the sp

21、ecial meaning from the automatic revolving door to today, revolving door endured a long history. The type is more, according to the control mode can be divided into automatic revolving door, semi-automatic revolving door and manual revolving door; According to the rotor structure can be divided into

22、 two wings revolving door way, 3 wing revolving door and 4 wing revolving door; According to the structure into a metal frame revolving door, national crystal revolving door and wood revolving door. Foreign automatic revolving door development earlier. The technology is relatively mature. The automa

23、tic revolving door transmission technology has energy saving, low noise, smooth transmission, long life and reliable performance advantages; The control system using digital design system as the control center, a more powerful, more advantages, such as simple operation; Testing safety system using a

24、dvanced infrared and microwave induction technology, used for moving object perception, control the operation of the door, use all sorts of safety testing sensor, realize the clip, impact-proof, prevent touch function. At the same time some manufacturers automatic revolving door also has remote cont

25、rol and liquid crystal display function. Since the establishment of the new China, especially since the reform and opening up, the revolving door of appeared in our country and the various public and high-grade occasion. We stand tall buildings in the city, in the building, hotel, hotel, bank, shopp

26、ing malls, office buildings, automatic door is everywhere. Automatic door can not only bring us people in and out of convenience, saving energy, including air conditioning, dustproof, and reduce the noise benefits such as to make our doors add a lot of the noble and elegant breath. The automatic rev

27、olving door is building equipment of light machine electricity integration technology products, it gives a person with kind and easy feeling, and build a costly atmosphere, the brand new concept, spacious open appearance and high style design, can be called the nods eyeball pen of buildings, based o

28、n the forefront of building age tide. Building on the need to keep people in and out at the same time, they keep building good air circulation and the environment is beautiful, it is the architect met a big problem for the building, and the revolving door provide the ideal solution, it can effective

29、ly wind, dustproof and sound insulation, thus improving the building near the entrance to the environment. The greatest advantage of the revolving door is that it forever and ever close the door open the door, which means that, for pedestrians, it always can open the door to door for buildings, and

30、are always closed. The automatic revolving door because its always open at the same time, the characteristics of the closed forever, make its dynamic sealed effect is good. Therefore, the automatic revolving door has distinctive function in the development. Definition of revolving door The revolving

31、 door: single sash or more along the vertical axis rotation of door of door that revolving door. The automatic revolving door: using various controller, signal control, to achieve single fan or more along the vertical shaft automatic door rotation and automatic stop door that the automatic revolving

32、 door. Automatic door of the top product, revolving door give a person with kind and easy feeling, and build a costly atmosphere, its spacious open appearance and high style design, can be called the nods eyeball pen of buildings. The brand new concept, is unswervingly based on the forefront of buil

33、ding age tide. But the high cost also is not the average person can accept. The automatic revolving door structure The traditional 3 wing and 4 wing revolving door is the structure, or the central door shaft bearing institutions through installed vertically on the ground, and three or four door wing

34、 is fixed in the center spread type door shaft, and the doors, the Angle between the equal, fan (in between push counterclockwise) of the inner sanctuary, became a manual revolving door. The upper part of the shaft center door installation motors and other electrical control components, match again

35、with sensors and safety device, will become automatic revolving door. This structure is stability, the use of high reliability, long service life. Considering the revolving door in stops must seal, so each of the three wing revolving door space can accommodate more people, but the door open net the

36、width of the small. And four wings of the revolving door every space can accommodate less people, but the door is open width is bigger. But, this kind of rotating central axis wing with double the fixed way that decided the door leaf width can not be too big, so the revolving door of only about 4 M

37、maximum diameter. To understand this problem, engineers will center door shaft design became showroom, reducing the relative among door leaf width, increased the motor in the center of the opposite effect, make the rotating torque of the revolving door the biggest diameter expanded to 6 M, showroom

38、and middle have very good adornment effect. As the door to consider the automatic revolving door emergency personnels quick evacuation, so the revolving door to door wing during blackout manual push away, so take emergency functions of automatic revolving door open the door of the special similar hi

39、nge pick up hardware. But when wind pressure big, this kind of door leaf structure easy to blow away. The strength of the hardware that has become the automatic revolving door of the main quality problem. International automatic revolving door factories and design the dedicated electromagnetic locks

40、, in case of a power cut just made can be promoting. The performance of the automatic revolving door Building on the need to keep people in and out at the same time, they keep building good air circulation and the environment is beautiful, it is the architect met a big problem for the building, and

41、the revolving door provide the ideal solution, it can effectively wind, dustproof and sound insulation, thus improving the building near the entrance to the environment. The greatest advantage of the revolving door is that it forever and ever close the door open the door, which means that, for pedes

42、trians, it always can open the door to door for buildings, and are always closed. The automatic revolving door because its always open at the same time, the characteristics of the closed forever, make its dynamic sealed effect is good. Therefore, the automatic revolving door in the security has dist

43、inctive function of development, but in personnel flow automatic revolving door but not in advantage, because the speed of the door is fixed, every door between wing can hold is limited. Staff Each automatic revolving door have calibration personnel flow numerical. The automatic revolving door becau

44、se its always open at the same time never closed its dynamic characteristics and sealing effect under the condition of the often use relative to the other two kinds of automatic door is better. Because of the automatic revolving door for the communities in large public limited, or choose other two k

45、inds of automatic door, after all, the automatic revolving door of this into higher. Usually in the automatic revolving door both sides a manually or automatically even open the door, on the one hand, increase capacity, on the other hand when the automatic revolving door malfunction, do not affect a

46、 person to pass. But in static sealing effect, automatic revolving door is much less than the other automatic door, because its door body movement way determines can only use over the tops of seal Revolving door in our market prospect With Chinas national economy steady growth, the 2008 Beijing Olym

47、pic Games and the WTO to join in. From the start, our country in the new stage of building a well-off society and create a better life environment is decoration industry development of the big driving force. The modern city building adornment is decorated in, will be applied to the appearance of the

48、 high-tech buildings, urban image on the construction of the entrance of the intelligent reflect. The choice of the opposite by a single function type to the research on the development of individualized, grade, revolving door with its brand new concept, spacious open appearance and high style design, become the mainstream of contemporary architecture decoration, beyond doubt will choose facilities. The building is the pen that nods eyeball. The automatic revolving door control system mainly by the revolving door, proximity sensors, PLC and inverter composition. 1) the revolving

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