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1、Proverbs about love,Congruity is the mother of love.Dont marry without love,but dont love without reason.Dry bread with love is better than dried chicken with fear and trembling.Forced love,like fanned fire,will never whet your desire.,Proverbs about love,Hasty love is soon hot and soon cold.Love is
2、 sweet torment.Love makes obedience easy.Love me little,love me long.Love lightens the burden of life.Love is blind.,和谐是爱情之母.没有爱情不要结婚,但不要无缘无故地恋爱。相亲相爱吃干面包胜过心惊胆战吃油炸鸡。勉强的爱情好像煽燃的火,不会激发炙热的情感。轻率的爱情热得快,冷得也快。爱情是一种甜蜜的痛苦。爱情使顺从变得容易。淡淡的爱,爱得长久。爱情能减轻生活的压力。爱情是盲目的。,Activity extended(Warming-up),Love is an eternal t
3、opic whether in literature or in our real life.Now you are at the romantic age.And you must have your own thinking and understanding of love.The text we are going to take up is a humorous love story.,Learning Focus,The interpretation of the titleThe type of writing(Wh-questions)The author and his li
4、terary achievementsLogical fallacies cited in the text The comprehension and appreciation of the text(What is the theme of the story?Where is it stated in the text?How does he begin the story and how does he end it?How does the author characterize Dobie Gillis,Petey Burch and Polly Espy?What are som
5、e of the techniques he employs in his writing to achieve the desired effect?What is his unique language style in this text?),The Interpretation of the title How could love be a“fallacy”?The title of the text can be interpreted on different levels.(The term“fallacy”can be taken as an ordinary word or
6、 taken as a specific term in logic),6,When“fallacy”is taken in its ordinary sense as“error”or“mistake”,the title means that there is a delusive or deceptive quality about love.When taken as a specific term in logic the title means that love cannot be deduced from a set of given premises.,E.g.Petey B
7、urch had been dating Polly and he might have thought that he loved Polly,but when faced with the temptation of the raccoon coat,he denied his affection for Polly.Obviously the affection he bore for Polly couldnt stand the test of time,as he was unable to resist the temptation of a raccoon coat that
8、was in fashion.On the part of the narrator,he claimed he loved Polly.However,he loved only his own creation instead of Polly as she was.His feeling for Polly was not true love,but a kind of selfish,egocentric feeling,and naturally it was unable to find an echo in Pollys heart.,E.g.The narrator took
9、it for granted that Polly would love him because he was cool,intelligent,and an excellent law student with a bright future,and also because he had taught her how to recognize logical fallacies.He tried to argue on logical grounds.But Polly didnt reject him on logical grounds at all.The reason for he
10、r to choose Petey Burch over him was not a logical one,not even rational.,9,The author may have combined these two interpretations to mean that love is an error,that can be very delusive and deceptive.It is a spontaneous emotion that does not follow the principles of logic and that refuses to be evo
11、ked by rational reasoning.,10,11,Max Shulman(1919-1988),Max Shulman(1919-1988),One of Americas best known humorists of the 20th centuryAlso a versatile writer.He has written novels,stories,broadway plays,movie scenarios,and TV scripts.best known for his television and short story character Dobie Gil
12、lis,as well as for best-selling novels.His writing often focused on young people,particularly in a collegiate setting.,Literary achievementsMax Shulman began writing“Dobie Gillis”stories in 1945 for various humor magazines.In 1951,these were collected and published as a book entitled The Many Loves
13、of Dobie Gillis which became the basis for the 1953 movie The Affairs of Dobie Gillis,followed by a CBS television series The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis.,13,Max Shulman began writing“Dobie Gillis”stories in 1945 for various humor magazines.In 1951,these were collected and published as a book entitle
14、d The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis which became the basis for the 1953 movie The Affairs of Dobie Gillis,followed by a CBS television series The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis.,14,The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis,Literary achievements In 1959,Shulman published another volume of Dobie stories,I Was A Teenage
15、 Dwarf.,16,Literary achievements Before his two Dobie books,Shulman had already written four other successful novels:Barefoot Boy With Cheek,The Feather Merchants,The Zebra Derby and Sleep Till Noon.Max was also the worlds most underrated romantic poet!He loved to include poetry in his novels,usuall
16、y to hilarious effect.Many of Shulmans works were made into films.,17,Help Wanted:Male A career woman is so desperate to conceive a child that when her boyfriend the sportswriter comes up short,she goes looking for a fertile stranger in this made-for-TV comic outing.,18,Major films,19,Major films,Ho
17、use Calls Recently widowed Walter finds himself ill at ease in re-entering the singles scene.Then he meets Jason,a patient recuperating from a jaw operation.Freshly divorced from a philandering spouse,Jackson is as reluctant to inaugurate a lasting commitment as Walter-but inaugurate they do,in a hi
18、larious scene.,Major films,20,The Tender Trap Charlie,who enjoys the attentions of several willing young ladies.At an audition,Charlie meets aspiring actress Julie Gillis,who is so determined to land a husband that shes already set the date.She goes out with Charlie for a short while,then announces
19、that she wont marry him until he gives up all his other girls.Charlie,who hasnt said one word about marriage and whod been preparing to give Julie the brush-off,is startled by her ultimatum-so much so that he genuinely falls in love with her,which was her attention all along.,Major films,21,The Affa
20、irs of Dobie Gillis The scene is a Midwestern university,where freshman Dobie Gillis and his pal Charlie Trask court cute coeds Pansy and Lorna.Pansys wealthy father cant stand Dobie and does everything in his power to keep them apart.Along the way,Dobie and Pansy manage to blow up the chemistry lab
21、,while Dobies officious English professor Pomfritt is misled to believe that the feckless Gillis is a literary genius.,Logic The Concise Oxford English Dictionary defines logic as the science of reasoning,proof,thinking,or inference.Logic will let you analyze an argument or a piece of reasoning,and
22、work out whether it is likely to be correct or not.It is a science that deals with the principles and criteria of validity of inference and demonstration;the science of the formal principles of reasoning.,22,Logical Fallacies An argument in logic presents evidence in support of some thesis or conclu
23、sion.An argument has two components:a conclusion and certain premises.An argument is deductively valid when its premises provide conclusive evidence for the conclusion.An argument that fails to be conclusively deduced is invalid;it is said to be fallacious.,23,In order to understand what a fallacy i
24、s,one must understand what an argument is.Very briefly,an argument consists of one or more premises and one conclusion.There are two main types of arguments:deductive(演绎的)and inductive(归纳的).A deductive argument is an argument such that the premises provide complete support for the conclusionAn induc
25、tive argument is an argument such that the premises provide some degree of support(but less than complete support)for the conclusion Fallacies are defects in an argument which cause an argument to be invalid,unsound or weak.By understanding what fallacies are,you can avoid making them and more easil
26、y detect them in the work of others.,24,Logical Fallacies,25,1)Unqualified Generalization(or Dicto Simpliciter 绝对判断).e.g.All Americans are friendly.Lawyers never tell the truth.Women always love babies.Beware of words like always,all,never,every:complex situations are simply not that black-and-white
27、.Your generalizations will be more credible if you LIMIT them by using qualifiers such as sometimes,seem,in my experience,often,many,or perhaps.,Logical Fallacies,26,2)Hasty Generalization(草率结论).Related to the preceding,this is a conclusion drawn from too few samples.e.g.In that university,students
28、are smoking in the cafeteria;students are smoking in the canteen;students are smoking in the corridor,most students in that university smoke.,Logical Fallacies,27,3)Faulty Cause and Effect(confusing coincidental time sequence with genuine causation,sometimes called Post Hoc 牵强附会).e.g.Every time I fo
29、rget my umbrella,it rains,therefore I cause the rain by leaving my umbrella at home,and I can guarantee a nice day by bringing my umbrella.,Logical Fallacies4)Appeal to Pity(Ad Misericordiam 文不对题).e.g.We should reelect Senator X;after all,he has a crippled mother,a retarded son,and his wife just die
30、d.5)False Analogy(or trying to prove a point by analogy 错误类比).e.g.Employees are like nails.Just as nails must be hit in the head in order to make them work,so must employees.,28,Logical Fallacies6)Hypothesis Contrary to Fact(与事实相反的假设).e.g.The Pony Express stopped running in 1861.It must have been a
31、failure.(The fact that the telegraph and the railroad made it obsolete and therefore unnecessary.)7)Name Calling(or Poisoning the Well or Ad Hominem,i.e.,argument attacking the man rather than the issue 井下放毒).e.g.Senator X just divorced his wife.How can his proposal be any good?,29,Logical Fallacies
32、8)Contradictory premises:e.g.A society is free if and only if liberty is maximized and people are required to take responsibility for their actions.,30,About the essay,This is a light,humorous satire in which the narrator tells his failure to win the heart of a young woman with the force of logic,wh
33、ich therefore proves to him that“love is a fallacy”-“It is inconsistent with logic.”The author is making fun of the smug,self-conceited narrator.Here we have a picture of this guy on the next sheet.,Dobie Gillis,My name is Dobie Gillis and I like girls.What am I saying?I love girls!Love em!Beautiful
34、,gorgeous,soft,round,creamy girls.Now,Im not a wolf,mind you.No,you see a wolf wants lots of girls,but me?Well,I just want one.One beautiful,gorgeous,soft,round,creamy girl for my very own.Thats all I want!One lousy girl!But Ill tell you a sad,hard fact.Im never gonna get a girl.Never.Why?Because to
35、 get a girl you need money.And standing between me and money is a powerful obstacle:a POWERFUL obstacle!,The Characters,There are three major characters in this story.Please find out the words used to describe each of them,Dobie Gillis,the narrator,The hero(protagonist),a freshman in a law schoolA s
36、mug,self-conceited fellowHe plies on himself all beautiful words of praise:cool,logical,keen,calculating,perspicacious,acute and astute,having powerful,precise,and penetrating brain.,Dobie Gillis,the narrator,is a freshman in a law school who is proud of his logical reasoning and general intellectua
37、l capability.Dobie Gillis grapples with Petey Burch,whose girlfriend he hopes that he can persuade to give up and Polly Espy,Burchs girlfriend he intends to marry after he has improved her.He is quite sure of his final success because he is smarter and it is only logical that the girl will choose hi
38、m.However,the result is a great surprise and disappointment to him because the girl turns down his proposal and chooses Petey Burch,all because of what Dobie Gillis regards as a silly reason,thus proving that love is a fallacy.,36,Petey Burch,his roommate,He is downgraded by Dobie:dumb as an ox,noth
39、ing upstairs,an emotional type of person,unstable,impressionable,a faddist,Polly Espy,A beautiful dumb girl,who would smarten up under his guidance:beautiful,gracious,but not intelligent.,Im sorry I havent presented you any pictures of Polly(Im sure that you must long to have Pollys picture,to see h
40、ow beautiful she is),for the consideration that if you had a picture your brain would grow lazy by stopping at the picture instead of letting the language description arousing your imagination.Id like to assure you that if you try hard,the words in Paras.24-27 combined with your imagination will pro
41、duce you a Polly more beautiful than any picture can do.So please read these paragraphs closely.,What can we learn from this text?,Its a love story.First read it through for fun.Then there are at least two tasks deserving our attention:1.Underline the useful expressions we can use in our production.
42、They will be included in an after-text-analysis dictation.Before we analyze each page of the text,some of you will be invited to present your underlined useful expressions on that page.,What can we learn from this text?,2.Who you are determines what you say and how you talk.Pay attention to the cont
43、rast between two different language styles:Pollys and Gillis.Try to understand why this is so.Its not difficult to understand Pollys talking style,but we need to analyze and appreciate Gillis language style.An activity will be arranged for you to pick out the sentences that reflect Gillis style.,Max
44、 Shulman has a good styleThe story goes forward at a fast pace with racy dialogues full of American colloquialism and slang.He employs a whole variety of writing techniques to make his story vivid.He uses ultra learned terms to reveal the conceit of the narrator and clipped vulgar forms to illustrat
45、e Polly Espys limited intellectual capacity.He also uses figurative language profusely and inversion for emphasis.The speed of the narration is maintained by the use of short sentences,elliptical sentences and dashes throughout the story.The combination of all these help to make the story realistic,
46、as one would expect a freshman to talk like that.,42,Discussion of the text,Authors NotesCharles Lamb,as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays,unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dreams Children.Charles Lamb is the kind of merry and enterpr
47、ising person you rarely encounter.He wrote the essays,Old China and Dreams Children,which set free the informal essay.month of Sundays:(colloquial)a long time,43,An essay(论说文,随笔)is a prose composition with a focused subject of discussion,or a piece of writing which is often written from an authors p
48、ersonal point of view.Essays can consist of a number of elements,including:literary criticism,political manifestos,learned arguments,observations of daily life,recollections,and reflections of the author.A formal essay usually consists of three parts:an introduction,a body,a conclusion.There are for
49、mal essay and informal essay.,44,There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lambs frontier.Metaphor,comparing the limitation set by Lamb to a frontier.Heres an informal essay which is even freer than the ones Lamb wrote.,45,Indeed,informal may not be quite the right word to describe t
50、his essay;limp or flaccid or possibly spongy are perhaps more appropriate.limp:drooping;lacking firmness flaccid:soft,flabby;hanging in loose foldsspongy:like a sponge;soft and porousThe author is being humorous with his self-mocking tone.This essay of his,of course,is anything but limp,flaccid and
