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1、四层杂物电梯 PLC控制 外文翻译Abstractmicroelectronic technologys development, elevators dragging way and the control method has had the very big change, the exchange velocity modulation is the current elevator dragging main development direction. At present the lift control system mainly has three control modes
2、: Following electric circuit control system (“early installment elevator many black-white control system), PLC control system, microcomputer control system. Because the black-white control system the failure rate is high, the reliability is bad, control mode not nimble as well as consumed power big
3、and so on shortcomings, at present has been eliminated gradually. Although the microcomputer control system has the strong function in the intelligent control aspect, but also has the interference rejection to be bad, the system design is complex, generally the servicemen master flaws with difficult
4、y and so on its service technology. But PLC control system, because moves the reliability to be high, the use service is convenient, anti-jamming, the design and the debugging cycle is short and so on merits, time is taken seriously the people and so on merits, have become present use most control m
5、odes in the lift control system, at present also widely use in the tradition black-white control systems technological transformations. The origin and development of the elevatorElevator in the Chinese dictionary explanation: building electricity powered lift, instead of walking up and down the stai
6、rs.When it comes to lift from the origin of the 2600 BC Egyptians built in Pyramid using the original lifting system to start, but this kind of crane energy are human. By 1203, two French monastery installed a crane, the difference is just the machine is the use of donkey as power, load by around a
7、large drum rope for hoisting. This method has been used to modern until Watt invented the steam engine, in about1800, mine owners can use the crane to mine in coal transportation.For hundreds of years, people made various types of elevators, they all have a common defect: as long as the lifting rope
8、 snaps, lifting ladder he rapidly hit bottom layer. 1854 Otis design a brake: in the lift platform mounted on top of a truck with a spring and a brake lever and Lift Wells Road on both sides of the guide rail is connected with the lifting rope, wagon springs, this is only the lifting platform weight
9、 is sufficient to pull spring, avoid contact with the brake lever. If the rope breaks, truck spring will pull the ends of vertical weakened, and the brake lever occlusal, can be firmly fixed without in situ platform continues to fall. Safe lifting ladder invention success! For a time, Otis has becom
10、e the center of attention. The first lift not Otis invented, but he was the first safe lift the inventor. Security this concept not only create lift industry, but also for those who want to build more tall buildings to add more available space design are open thoroughfare.However it can be called th
11、e elevator ( electric energy to drive the elevator ) of the product should be at the beginning of the twentieth Century emerged. Elevator technology development trend(1): green environmental protection concept is the development trend of elevator. Have expert prophecy who first introduced green prod
12、ucts and market of race to control, who will grasp the market competition initiative. Development trend to basically have : the continuous improvement of product design, production of environmental protection type low power consumption, low noise, no leakage, no water leakage, no electromagnetic int
13、erference, no oil pollution of the elevator hoistway guide. Elevator traction with nylon synthetic fiber rope, steel belt without lubricating oil pollution traction mode. Elevator decoration will use no (little ) environmental pollution material. Elevator no-load rise and full of descending motor po
14、wer regeneration recycling technology. The installation of lifts will be installed without scaffolding. Elevator parts in the production and use of the process has no effect on the environment ( such as brake pads must not use asbestos ) and materials can be recycled. (2) the application of Bluetoot
15、h technology in elevator. Installation of elevators knows line, on line is time-consuming, laborious, easy wrong job. If the control screen and calling system through the Bluetooth wireless call will be connected to the elevator control another revolution at the same time bring us enormous benefits.
16、 A installation period will be reduced by more than 30%, the direct benefits of reduced installation costs, customers from booking to use lift cycle cost reduce the ladder and improve cash flow rate. B on the elevator using Bluetooth technology will make the elevator control system using a large amo
17、unt of the latest and fastest computer, which will further improve the elevator machine reliability, fault rate is greatly reduced, the control precision is further increased, the result is the elevator more comfortable, more accurate flat layer. C is a good solution to the elevator control and peri
18、pherals compatible and contact. In particular can take the elevator and escalator induction to the building management system or intelligent management district system. The definition of PLCProgrammable controller is a digital electronic computers operating system, specifically designed for applicat
19、ions in industrial environments designed. It adopts a kind of programmable memory, for its internal storage procedures, the implementation of logical, sequential control, timing, counting and arithmetic operations such as user-oriented instructions, and through digital or analog input / output contr
20、ol various types of machinery or production process. Programmable controller and related peripherals, according to the easy and industrial control systems into a whole, easy to expand its function principle design.In short, the programmable controller is a computer, it is designed for industrial app
21、lications and the design and manufacture of computer. It has a rich input / output interface, and has strong driving ability. But the programmable controller products are not directed to a specific industry application, in practical application, its hardware according to actual need optional configu
22、ration, the software according to the control requirements for the design and preparation of. The characteristics of PLC:One, high reliability, strong anti-interference ability and high reliability is the key performance of electrical control equipmentPLC due to the use of modern large-scale integra
23、ted circuit technology, strict production process, the internal circuit adopts advanced anti interference technology, has very high reliability. Such as the Mitsubishi F series produced by PLC MTBF is high up to 300000 hours. Some use of redundant CPU PLC MTTF mean time to failure is longer. From th
24、e PLC machine circuit, the use of PLC control system, and the same scale relay systems, electrical wiring and switch contacts have been reduced to hundreds or even thousands of fault, also reduced greatly.In addition, PLC with hardware fault self testing function, failure can be timely warning infor
25、mation. In the application software, applications can also be incorporated into the peripheral device fault diagnosis program in the system, except PLC circuit and equipment were also obtained self diagnosis of fault protection. Thus, the entire system with high reliability is also not surprising.Tw
26、o, matching complete, perfect functionApplicability of PLC development today, has formed a large, small scale, in various series of products. Can be used for various scale industrial control occasions. In addition to the logic processing function, modern PLC mostly with complete data operation abili
27、ty, can be used for various digital control field. In recent years the function of PLC cells in large numbers, the PLC penetrated into the position control, temperature control, CNC and other kinds of industrial control. With PLC communication and enhance the ability of man-machine interface technol
28、ogy, using PLC composed of various control system has become very easy.In three, easy to learn and use, by the engineering and technical personnel are welcome to PLC as general industrial control computer, is the industrial and mining enterprises in the industrial equipmentIt interfaces easily, easy
29、 programming language for engineering and technical personnel to accept. Ladder diagram language symbols and expressions and relay circuit diagram are quite close, only a small amount of PLC switching logic control instructions can conveniently realize the function of relay circuit. To be familiar w
30、ith electronic circuits, not understand computer principle and assembly language people use computer in industrial control opened convenient ways.Four, system design, build small workload, convenient maintenance, easy to modify PLC memory logic instead of logical connection, greatly reducing the con
31、trol equipment external connection, so that the control system design and construction period is shortened greatly, at the same time also becomes easy maintenance. It is more important that the same equipment after changing the program changes in the production process as possible. It is suitable fo
32、r many varieties, small batch production.In five, small volume, light weight, low energy consumption to ultra small PLC for example, recent production of varieties is smaller than100mm, the weight is less than 150g, only a few watts of power. Because of the small size easily loaded into internal mac
33、hinery, is realizes the integration of machinery control equipment. Debris elevator is introducedService in the specified floor ( generally highest at eight layer below the fixed lifting equipment ). It has a car, its size and structure, the car is not allowed to enter the personnel. The car runs at
34、 two vertical columns of the tilt angle of less than 15 DEG between the rigid rails. In order to meet the conditions shall enter personnel, car size shall not exceed: a ) floor area: 1.20square meters ) deep degree B: C 1.20 meters ) high degree:1.40 M D ) weight:500 kg has the advantages of small v
35、olume, complete function, smooth delivery, low price and other characteristics, are widely used in transporting food dining and factories, library and other conveying sundries, now on the market to use can be divided into two kinds, microcomputer control and PIC control, according to the working mod
36、e is divided into working table and floor type, its speed from 0.4 meters to1 meters, now mostly use the framework to facilitate the installation type, the structure of the has the advantages of convenient installation, small using space, and without the use of special well.Elevator control systemTh
37、e main function of base station call box equipped with a lock, used for starting up and shutting down the elevator control circuit. The electric door interlock function of each layer door have electric door interlock switch, when any of the landing door opens, the elevator stops running. The door in
38、ter-locking function of each layer of doors are equipped with mechanical locks, when the car is not in the docking station when the layer, layer door can not be opened, such as special cases, can be used with the factory ladder with a special key opening the floor door. The buzzing prompt function w
39、ith the arrival of buzz prompt function. The floor number display car position by the digital display floor. The running direction of the running direction display function showed by up / down luminous arrow. The call answering function press the call button, called layer button digital indicator li
40、ght, after the arrival of undo memory, indicating lamp. And leveling function when the elevator is not in maintenance or stop state when, for some reason ( such as power failure, improper operation ) the car not to call at any one layer position, the elevator will not respond to any calls. The eleva
41、tor back to normal state, the car will be close to automatic leveling.Dumbwaiter lift characteristicsThe debris elevator using industrial PLC computer control, stable running, convenient operationThe elevator uses a straight fractional manual opening of the door, the box using the hairline stainless
42、 steel, beautiful generousThe elevator uses a patented the machine-room-less design, effective use of space, reduce the construction costThe elevator can choose floor type or windows desktop design, suitable for various occasions中 文 对 照摘要随着科学技术的发展、近年来，我国的电梯生产技术得到了迅速发展一些电梯厂也在不断改进设计、修改工艺。更新换代生产更新型的电梯，
43、电梯主要分为机械系统与控制系统两大部份，随着自动控制理论与微电子技术的发展，电梯的拖动方式与控制手段均发生了很大的变化，交流调速是当前电梯拖动的主要发展方向。目前电梯控制系统主要有三种控制方式：继电路控制系统(“早期安装的电梯多位继电器控制系统)、PLC控制系统、微机控制系统。继电器控制系统由于故障率高、可靠性差、控制方式不灵活以及消耗功率大等缺点，目前已逐渐被淘汰。微机控制系统虽在智能控制方面有较强的功能，但也存在抗扰性差，系统设计复杂，一般维修人员难以掌握其维修技术等缺陷。而PLC控制系统由于运行可靠性高，使用维修方便，抗干扰性强,设计和调试周期较短等优点，倍受人们重视等优点，已成为目前在
44、电梯控制系统中使用最多的控制方式，目前也广泛用于传统继电器控制系统的技术改造。电梯的起源与发展电梯在汉语词典中的解释为：建筑物中用电作动力的升降机,代替步行上下的楼梯。说到电梯的起源要从公元前2600年埃及人在建造金字塔时使用了最原始的提升系统说起，但这一类起重机的能源均为人力。到了1203年，法国的二修道院安装了一台起重机，所不同者只是该机器是利用驴作为动力，载荷由绕在一个大滚筒上的绳子进行起吊。此种方法一直沿用到近代直到瓦特发明了蒸汽机，约在1800年，煤矿主才能利用起重机把矿井中的煤输送上来。数百年来人们制造过各种类型的升降梯，它们都具有一个共同的缺陷：只要起吊绳突然断裂，升降梯便急速地
45、坠落到底层。1854年奥的斯设计了一种制动器：在升降梯的平台顶部安装一个货车用的弹簧及一个制动杆与升降梯井道两侧的导轨相连结，起吊绳与货车弹簧连结，这样仅是起重平台的重量就足以拉开弹簧，避免与制动杆接触。如果绳子断裂，货车弹簧会将拉力减弱，两端立该与制动杆咬合，即可将平台牢固地原地固定免继续下坠。“安全的升降梯”发明成功了！一时间，奥的斯成了众人注目的中心。第一台升降机并非奥的斯所发明，但他却是第一台“安全”升降梯的发明者。“安全”这一概念不仅开创了升降梯工业，而且也为那些想建造更高层建筑物以增加更多可利用空间的设计们打开了通途。然而真正能够称为电梯（用电能驱动升降梯）的产品应该是在20世纪初
46、才出现的。 电梯技术发展趋势（1）环保：绿色理念是电梯发展总趋势。有专家预言“谁最先推出绿色产品并抢占市场，谁就掌握市场竞争主动权”。发展趋势主要有：不断改进产品的设计，生产环保型低能耗、低噪声、无漏油、无漏水、无电磁干扰、无井道导轨油渍污染的电梯。电梯曳引采用尼龙合成纤维曳引绳，钢皮带等无润滑油污染曳引方式。电梯装璜将采用无（少）环境污染材料。电梯空载上升和满载下行电机再生发电回收技术。安装电梯将无需安装手脚架。电梯零件在生产和使用过程中对环境没有影响（如刹车皮一定不能使用石棉）并且材料是可以回收的。（2）蓝牙技术在电梯上应用。安装过电梯的人都知道放线、对线是费时、费力、极容易错的工作。如果
47、控制屏与召唤系统通过蓝牙技术连接起来实现无线召唤将会是电梯控制的另一场革命同时为我们带来巨大好处。A安装期将减少30以上，其直接好处是降低安装成本，客户也因从订梯到使用电梯周期费用减少和提高现金周转率。B在电梯上使用蓝牙技术一定会使电梯控制系统大量使用最新最快微机，这将会进一步提高电梯整机可靠性，故障率大大降低，控制精度也进一步提高，带来的结果是电梯更加舒适，平层更加准确。C很好地解决了电梯控制与外围设备的兼容和联系。特别是可以把电梯和扶梯归纳到大楼管理系统或智能化管理小区系统中。 PLC的定义可编程控制器是一种数字运算操作的电子系统，专为在工业环境应用而设计的。它采用一类可编程的存储器，用于
48、其内部存储程序，执行逻辑运算,顺序控制，定时，计数与算术操作等面向用户的指令，并通过数字或模拟式输入/输出控制各种类型的机械或生产过程。可编程控制器及其有关外部设备，都按易于与工业控制系统联成一个整体，易于扩充其功能的原则设计。总之，可编程控制器是一台计算机，它是专为工业环境应用而设计制造的计算机。它具有丰富的输入/输出接口，并且具有较强的驱动能力。但可编程控制器产品并不针对某一具体工业应用，在实际应用时，其硬件需根据实际需要进行选用配置，其软件需根据控制要求进行设计编制。 PLC的特点：一、可靠性高，抗干扰能力强高可靠性是电气控制设备的关键性能PLC由于采用现代大规模集成电路技术，采用严格的
49、生产工艺制造，内部电路采取了先进的抗干扰技术，具有很高的可靠性。例如三菱公司生产的F系列PLC平均无故障时间高达30万小时。一些使用冗余CPU的PLC的平均无故障工作时间则更长。从PLC的机外电路来说，使用PLC构成控制系统，和同等规模的继电接触器系统相比，电气接线及开关接点已减少到数百甚至数千分之一，故障也就大大降低。此外，PLC带有硬件故障自我检测功能，出现故障时可及时发出警报信息。在应用软件中，应用者还可以编入外围器件的故障自诊断程序，使系统中除PLC以外的电路及设备也获得故障自诊断保护。这样，整个系统具有极高的可靠性也就不奇怪了。二、配套齐全，功能完善适用性强PLC发展到今天，已经形成了大、中、小各种规模的系列化产品。可以用于各种规模的工业控制场合。除了逻辑处理功能以外，现代PLC大多具有完善的数据运算能力，可用于各种数字控制领域。近年来PLC的功能单元大量涌现，使PLC渗透到了位置控制、温度控制、CNC等各种工业控制中。加上PLC通信能力的增强及人机界面技术的发展，使用PLC组成各种控制系统
