自适应多速率AMR技术剖析.ppt

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1、自适应多速率AMR技术剖析,2010-4,2 Nokia Siemens Networks,Presentation/Author/Date,For internal use,HR,FREFR 12.2,10.27.95,7.95,(*),IS 136 7.4,7.4,6.75.95.154.75,6.75.95.154.75,Speech bit rate,话音质量,抗干扰能力,AMR简介AMR 话音编解码:8 个全速率 FR和 6 个半速率HR:,2.0,4.03.0,1.0No Errors,16 dB C/I,13 dB C/I,10 dB C/I,7 dB C/I,4 dB C/I,

2、EFRAMR FR,AMRAMR 全速率与常规EFR的MOS比较(clean speech)MOS(Mean Opinion Score)5.0,3.02.0,1.0No Errors 19 dB C/I 16 dB C/I 13 dB C/I 10 dB C/I 7 dB C/I,4 dB C/I,FRAMR HR,AMR 半速率与常规全速率的MOS比较(clean speech)MOS(Mean Opinion Score)5.04.0,3 Nokia Siemens Networks,Presentation/Author/Date,For internal use,AMR,AMR带来的

3、好处,AMR可以根据信道传输状况优化编码类型，提供更好的话音质量。AMRFR/HR都有一系列的编码类型，BTS和MS根据信道状况决定使用哪种最佳的编码类型。在高误码率（BER）的情况下，更多的bit用来做冗余校验；在传输情况较好的情况下，更多的bit用来传送话音。,提升语音质量及用户感知度:AMR功能使C/I差或是弱覆盖的区域用户的语音质量提升。增加网络容量及提升覆盖：在弱覆盖区域AMR可吸收更多话务提高网络容量且能保证一定的语音质量。改善半速率的性能：采用AMR HR(自适应半速率)在增加容量的同时,保证信道和话音的质量,避免半速率对话音质量的影响。在无线环境条件较差时,AMR半速率会自动转

4、化为AMR全速率,避免避免半速率对话音质量的影响和网络指标(掉话率)的影响减少网络干扰：AMR手机使用AMR功能会有较好的纠错能力(error correctioncapability)因此AMR手机可以使用较低的PC门限而保持或提升语音质量，对网络的干扰也会减少。提升频率复用度：由于网络干扰减少，使用AMR可是提升频率复用度而保持同样的语音质量。最大限度地优化使用现有投资：通过提供良好的语音质量和增加通话能力，加速GSM网络投资的回报，无需更换现有设备或任何硬件。,4 Nokia Siemens Networks,Presentation/Author/Date,AMR,AMR 码组Tabl

5、e:Ch annel and speech codec modes for AMR(*)Requires 16 kbit/s TRAU.Therefore it is not seen as a feasible codec modeFor internal use,Channel bit-rate(kbit/s),5 Nokia Siemens Networks,Presentation/Author/Date,AMR,AMR 编码组合,20151050,AMR是优化的信道和语音编码集合，提供更好的语音质量和更高的网络容量 根据信道的实际情况，AMR可通过调整编码模式和编码速率的方式，调整纠

6、错码的数量25,FR12.2,FR10.2,FR7.95,FR 7.4 FR 6.7 FR 5.9 FR5.15,FR4.75,HR7.95,HR 7.4 HR 6.7 HR 5.9 HR5.15,HR4.75,Channel coding,Speech coding,Error Protection(FER),Speech Quality(MOS),AMR codec modeAs a comparison GSM FR gross channel bit-rate:22.8 kbit/s=13 kbit/s(speech coding)+9.8 kbit/s(channel coding)

7、For internal use,6 Nokia Siemens Networks,Presentation/Author/Date,AMR,AMR工作原理AMR 编码速率的变换,信道编码模式的转换,4.75,12.2,4.75,7.4,HandoverLink,adaption,7.95,5.9,FR HR:切换 根据运营商的需求或信道质量HandoverAMR Half Rate,AMR Full RateFor internal use,根据信道质量进行变换一个通话可使用最多四种编码(组)单个信道的编码组可由切换或模式修改更动提高用户主观感受(语音质量)AMR HR提供FR的语音质量编码

8、速率的变换速度:1/40 msLink Adaptation可以和Power Control并行，对切换也没有影响，因为LinkAdaptation是MS和BTS根据C/Inorm,（根据估算burst bit error probability,(BBEP)，映射为C/Inorm）执行，Handover和Power Control是BSC根据,level和quality测量执行。,dB,Presentation/Author/Date,AMR,链路自适应,50,201510,25,0,5,10,15,20,25,30,Times,C/I,EFR operation,AMR mode,12.2

9、 kbit/s,7.95 kbit/s6.70 kbit/s5.90 kbit/s,AMRMode,C/I30,speechcodingFor internal use7 Nokia Siemens Networks,channelcoding,AMRFR,HR,12.2,10.27.95,7.46.75.95.154.75,7.46.75.95.154.75,8 Nokia Siemens Networks,Presentation/Author/Date,AMR,信道模式适应,信道模式适应是一种转换算法，选择合适的信道模式：FR or HR,Load,GoodQuality,转换原则如下图

10、所示：Codec,HRHR,FRFR,packingunpackingBadQuality,负荷:free full rate resources reducesbelow the value of the parameterbtsLoadDepTCHRate(HRL)orbtsSpLoadDepTCHRate(FRL),HRL is a BSC level parameterFRL is a BTS level parameter,oncedefined,it can overwrite HRL,和质量:FR calls which quality is abovethe amrHandov

11、erFr(IHRF)for both UL andDL和 使用的编码:they are using the leastrobust codec mode for both UL and DL，当 AMR HR 的质量低于所定的门限值,时,AMR HR 也会转换到AMR FR（IHRH）For internal use,Presentation/Author/Date,For internal use9 Nokia Siemens Networks,链路自适应(LA)过程4.-DLcodecused3.-Networkdecides whichcodec to usefor DL,AMRDL L

12、A 1.-Which DLRadioConditions?2.-Request acodec for DL,2.-Commanda codec for,UL LA,UL1.-Which ULradioconditions?3.-MS uses thecodeccommanded bythe network for,UL,10 Nokia Siemens Networks,Presentation/Author/Date,For internal use,AMR,AMR 信道模式适应,Time,AMR FR 到 AMR HR 的转换由以下的参数决定：负荷:free full rate resou

13、rces reduces below the value of the parameterbtsLoadDepTCHRate(HRL)or btsSpLoadDepTCHRate(FRL)HRL is a BSC level parameterFRL is a BTS level parameter,once defined,it can overwrite HRL和质量:FR calls which quality is above the amrHandoverFr(IHRF)for both ULand DL和 使用的编码:they are using the least robust

14、codec mode for both UL and DL当 AMR HR 的质量低于所定的门限值时,AMR HR 也会转换到AMR FRFree FR TCHsHRUHRL,Packing is triggered only when free FRresources are within this range,11 Nokia Siemens Networks,Presentation/Author/Date,AMR,BER对比,Qaulity 0-7和BER（bit error rate）有一个映射关系，BER反映物理bit错误情况，因此各个编码类型的Quality与C/I的关系是一致的

15、。For internal use,MOS,12 Nokia Siemens Networks,Presentation/Author/Date,AMR,2.521.510.50,43.53,MOS对比4.5,0,1,2 3,4 5,6,7,8,9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20,FR 12.2 MOSFR 7.4 MOSFR 5.9 MOSFR 4.75 MOSHR 7.4 MOSHR 5.9 MOSHR 4.75 MOS,MOSvs CIR curves,FR-channel:MOS 3.5 ifC/I 4dB,HR-channel:MOS 3.5 if,

16、C/I 12dB,C/I(dB)AMR半速率可用与在 C/I 状态好的情况下提供足够的语音质量For internal use,13 Nokia Siemens Networks,Presentation/Author/Date,AMR,AMR FR的链路性能,规范中AMR FR4.75与EFR相比有5.5dB的链路增益，实际测试用AMR FR12.2和EFR对比结果相似，但是AMR FR4.75在C/I从020区间FER基本为零，只有0的时候FER才明显增加。（规范推荐FER纵坐标采用了对数坐标，曲线轨迹差别较大）LA frictions late/over reactions,delays

17、 reduce equivalent link level gain to approx.4.5dBFor internal use,AMR4.75,EFR,14 Nokia Siemens Networks,Presentation/Author/Date,AMR,AMR HR的链路性能,规范推荐AMR HR的FER只是拿AMR FR和HR对比，并没有拿普通HR做对比，对比显示，AMR HR4.75比AMR FR4.75C/I承载能力差68dB，AMR FR有更强的抗干扰能力。试验测试AMR HR7.4比普通HR有5dB的链路增益。For internal use,AMR,切换的优先级,DE

18、21UltraSite(co-located)For internal use15 Nokia Siemens Networks,SDCCHTCHPresentation/Author/Date,提供连续的AMR的覆盖1)具备AMR功能的终端接入支持 AMR 的小区2)优先切换到支持 AMR的小区,BT,GGS Data network,Presentation/Author/Date,For internal use16 Nokia Siemens Networks,AMR,AMR 网元要求,BSC S10TCSM2 pool 23UltraSite BTS CX3.0MetroSite B

19、TS CXM3.0TalkFamily BTS DF6,MSC M10,NetAct OSS3.1,NetAct Planner 5.0AMR capable phase 2 phone,SGSN,if,MSC,HLR/E,IR,SMSC/GMSC,GPRSBackbone,LIG,WAP,Billing,Gb,A,if,BS,Inter-PLMNnetwork,(Internet),PSTNNetwork,TC,C SMAterS AbisLb CBC,ChargingGateway,NBorderGateway,AMR 基站支持 二代站(DE21 BTS:)二代站将不支持AMR功能 Tal

20、k-family基站(DF34 BTS):DE34 AMR FR只支持4种编码方式4.75,5.9,7.4和12.2，而AMRHR只支持3种编码方式 4.75,5.9和7.4(右图蓝色标记).With thisapproach,the link adaptation between full scale of FR modes andalmost full scale of HR can be achieved(note that only 4 codecscan be selected to be used during a call).PrimeSite基站:PrimeSite支持的AMR

21、编码方式和DE34一样，Consequently thefrequency hopping functionality will be removed from PrimeSiteBTSs to enable this modification.This means that the last,PrimeSite SW release supporting frequency hopping will beDF5.0.Nokia InSite BTS:InSite将不支持AMR功能 MetroSite、UltraSite及Flexi基站:将全部支持AMR所有编码方式。For internal

22、use17 Nokia Siemens NetworksPresentation/Author/Date,AMRTALK-family BTS:Full Rate Half rate12.210.27.95 7.957.4 7.46.7 6.75.9 5.95.15 5.154.75 4.75MetroSite BTS&Ultrasite BTS:Full Rate Half rate,12.210.27.957.46.75.95.154.75,7.957.46.75.95.154.75,18 Nokia Siemens Networks,Presentation/Author/Date,AM

23、R,开通AMR所需要注意的资源和条件,AMR规划与优化在开通AMR功能之前，需要进行相应有针对性的网络规划；在开通AMR功能后，需要进行相应的参数等优化，以达到更好的网络服务性能。系统软硬件版本在TCSM3i硬件S12软件条件下，MSC/BSC侧可以将EFR&DR&AMR&Data 14.4作为一个CIRCUITPOOLS统一识别，这样就不再需要区分AMR及EFR&DR&Data 14.4的A口电路，在此网络环境下使用AMR 会更加方便，减少日常维护的工作量。支持AMR手机渗透率网络已经具有一定的AMR 手机，同时AMR 使用的效果和AMR 终端用户的渗透率具有紧密的联系；BSS对功能的支持情

24、况需要注意2nd Generation BTS（DE21）不支持AMR功能，其它设备都可以支持AMR功能。BSC及相关接口容量使用 AMR HR 后，BSCs支持的最大信道数保持不变，支持的TRX由信道数确定，如果增开半速率则BSC支持的载频数量下降，需要评估BSC的容量并根据实际情况进行调整。随着BSC支持的话务量增加，A接口需要进行相应的扩容。AMR功能license keyAMR的license key数量应与开通AMR的范围内HR的TRX一致，其可用的license key数量由BSC的license key总数决定。For internal use,19 Nokia Siemens

25、Networks,Presentation/Author/Date,AMR,开通AMR所需要注意的资源和条件,Date BSC,FEATURE NAME,FEATURE,STATE,FEATURE,CAPACITY,TCHD TRX数(根据TRX),remark,09-Mar-10NBSC_R411109-Mar-10NBSC_R410109-Mar-10NBSC_R410209-Mar-10NBSC_R410309-Mar-10NBSC_R410409-Mar-10NBSC_R410509-Mar-10NBSC_R410609-Mar-10NBSC_R410709-Mar-10NBSC_R4

26、10809-Mar-10NBSC_R410909-Mar-10NBSC_R411009-Mar-10NBSC_R430109-Mar-10NBSC_R430209-Mar-10NBSC_R430309-Mar-10NBSC_R430409-Mar-10NBSC_R430509-Mar-10NBSC_R430609-Mar-10NBSC_R430709-Mar-10NBSC_R430809-Mar-10NBSC_R430909-Mar-10NBSC_R431009-Mar-10NBSC_R4311,AMRAMRAMRAMRAMRAMRAMRAMRAMRAMRAMRAMRAMRAMRAMRAMRA

27、MRAMRAMRAMRAMRAMR,CapacityCapacityCapacityCapacityCapacityCapacityCapacityCapacityCapacityCapacityCapacityCapacityCapacityCapacityCapacityCapacityCapacityCapacityCapacityCapacityCapacityCapacity,ONONONONONONONONONONONONONONONONONONONONONON,53761066310558811608911769404040177404058446413244,4179licen

28、se不足99549759license不足79160license不足93license不足1156192611141169license不足160license不足46453276license不足20,License 不足For internal use,BSC一旦出现AMR半速率 license不足时会出现DX Error 16299,且全速率=半速率的小区站会起不来，需要改回全速率才能重启，因此AMR半速率License一定要有一定冗余(至少20%)以应付重大节假日需开的半速率,数。,20 Nokia Siemens Networks,Presentation/Author/Date,

29、For internal use,AMR基于以下的话务模型BSC2i/3i的最大话务处理能力:3040/3920 Erl,91000/11700BHCA(512/660 FR or 256/330 HR TRXs)Reference model of call traffic(call mix and parameters):,mean holding time proportion of MS originated calls proportion of MS terminated calls proportion of handovers(HOs)proportion of locatio

30、n updates(LUs)proportion of IMSI detaches,120 s70%30%1.5 HOs per call2 LUs per call0.1 detaches per call,for terminating call attempts,the proportion of no-answer,call attempts to paging requests SMS call rate,63%1 req./subs./1 hour,AMR对BSC的容量的影响BSCs 支持的信道数量以及话务模型保持不变 启用 AMR HR 时，BSCs 支持的最大信道数保持不变(B

31、SC2i 4096/BSC3i 5280)支持的TRX由信道数确定,例如：BSC2i/3i支持最大 512/660 FRTRX 或256/330 HR TRX BSCs支持的TRX数可由 FR对 HR的比例门限来保证,21 Nokia Siemens Networks,Presentation/Author/Date,AMR,Nokia 终端对AMR 的支持,Nokia 从2004年开始提供支持AMR的终端，目前所有的新型号终端都支持AMR.NOKIA 支持AMR的终端：（未含新型号）Nokia 1100,2300,2600,2650,3200,3220,5140,6170,6220,6230

32、,6260,6630,6670,6810,6820,7200,7260,7270,7280,7610,7710,9500For internal use,22 Nokia Siemens Networks,Presentation/Author/Date,AMR,AMR 有关参数-BSC参数,AMR,AMR 有关参数-BTS FR参数For internal23,AMR,AMR 有关参数-BTS HR参数,25 Nokia Siemens Networks,Presentation/Author/Date,AMR,AMR 有关参数-HO参数For internal use,26 Nokia S

33、iemens Networks,Presentation/Author/Date,AMR,AMR 有关参数-PC参数For internal use,27 Nokia Siemens Networks,Presentation/Author/Date,For internal use,AMR,Microsoft Office,Excel 97-2003 工作表,AMR 相关指令指令模板可以参考附件，以参数修改平台,取ZEEI格式直接贴即可生成指令,28 Nokia Siemens Networks,Presentation/Author/Date,AMR,AMR 相关指令,FER测量与语音质量

34、直接相关(类似MOS指标)，通过FER统计我们可以了解用户感知度发现语音质量问题，目前网络FER测量只有上行的测量值，而下行是网络根据BER和FER的关系，参考下行BER得到的评估值，所以为了准确地反映网络情况，开启FER只进行上行的监控，FER测量提供另一种网络监控手段。For internal use,29 Nokia Siemens Networks,Presentation/Author/Date,For internal use,AMR,AMR 有关参数FIFILE parameters,AMR_CODEC_USED(for AMR FR),BSC radio network obj

35、ect parameters,AMR Configuration In HandoversAMR Set Grades EnabledInitial AMR Channel RateLower Limit For FR TCH ResourcesUpper Limit For FR TCH ResourcesSlow AMR LA EnabledTCH Rate Internal Handover,BTS radio network object parameters AMR FR Codec Mode Set AMR HR Codec Mode SetSEG-specific BTS rad

36、io network object parameters TCH Rate Intra-Cell Handover,Transceiver radio network object parameters TRX Half Rate SupportHandover control radio network object parameters,Intra HO Threshold Rx Qual AMR FRIntra HO Threshold Rx Qual AMR HRThreshold DL Rx Qual AMR FRThreshold UL Rx Qual AMR FRThreshol

37、d DL Rx Qual AMR HRThreshold UL Rx Qual AMR HR,Power control radio network object parameters,PC Lower Threshold Dl Rx Qual AMR FR,PC Upper Threshold Dl Rx Qual AMR FRPC Lower Threshold Dl Rx Qual AMR HRPC Upper Threshold Dl Rx Qual AMR HRPC Lower Threshold Ul Rx Qual AMR FRPC Upper Threshold Ul Rx Q

38、ual AMR FRPC Lower Threshold Ul Rx Qual AMR HRPC Upper Threshold Ul Rx Qual AMR HR,Adjacent GSM cell radio network objectparameters AMR Target Cell Of Direct Access ToDesired Layer AppliedTranscoder Configuration Creation of EFR and AMR related TC PCMs(A interface pools).,Addition of EFR and AMR rel

39、ated TC PCMsto the display commands of INTPCM.,Microsoft OfficeWord 文文,AMR所有参数NED说明,30 Nokia Siemens Networks,Presentation/Author/Date,AMR,CODECModeSet,Codec x4InitCodecMode0=Second most robust1=Start mode,=1 of 4 codecs to start,HRU(BSC)or FRU(BTS)PACK AND UNPACKIHRFAMR HANDOVER(Intra cell HO-Chann

40、el Mode),AMR 有关参数CODEC INITIAL SELECTION LINK ADAPTATION,4.755.97.412.2,GENERALARLT=Radio LinkTimeout for AMR calls,BTS LOAD,InitAMRchannelrate1=any rate2=AMR FR onlySlowAMRLAEnabledN=40 ms(ETSI)Y=480 ms(Nokia),FRT1 and HRT1C/I threshold1FRT2 and HRT2C/I threshold2FRT3C/I threshold3,FRH1 and HRH1C/I

41、 threshold1FRH2 and HRH2C/I threshold2FRH3C/I threshold3,IHRHAMR HANDOVER(Intra cell HO-Channel,Mode),If QualIHRFthen FR-HR(Packing)If IHRHFR(Unpacking),HRL(BSC)or FRL(BTS)POWER CONTROLLDRF and LDRHPC Lower Threshold DLRXQual AMR,LURF and LURHPC Lower Threshold ULRXQual AMR,UDRF and UDRHPC Upper Thr

42、eshold DLRXQual AMRUURF and UURHPC Upper Threshold ULRXQual AMR,Unpacking LevelThreshold for AMR HRStartMode,Prevent Interference andAMR Intracell HOFor internal use,Lower Rx level Limit forQuality Based Intra CellHOLower Quality Limit to,31 Nokia Siemens Networks,Presentation/Author/Date,AMR,AMR 有关

43、门限,CODEC_MODE_1For internal use,CODEC_MODE_2THR_1+HYST_1=THR_MX_Up(1),THR_1,=THR_MX_Dn(2),THR_2,=THR_MX_Dn(3),CODEC_MODE_3THR_2+HYST_2=THR_MX_Up(2),THR_3,=THR_MX_Dn(4),C/ICODEC_MODE_4THR_3+HYST_3=THR_MX_Up(3),For internal use32 Nokia Siemens Networks,AMR,C/Iestimation,FR4.75(codec1),4dB,FRT1Presenta

44、tion/Author/Date,7dB,FRT2,11dB,FRT3,AMR 有关门限CodecmodeFR12.2(codec4)FR7.4(codec3)FR5.9(codec 2),5dB,8dB,12dB,AMR,AMR开启后切换优先级,1.2.3.4.5.,Interference(UL or DL)NonBCCHLayerExitUplink qualityDownlink qualityAMR unpacking due to UL level,HO threshold and UL quality(unpacking is started instead ofUL level

45、 based HO if both,ULlevel and UL quality forunpacking triggers)6.Uplink level7.AMR unpacking due to DL levelHO threshold and DL quality(unpacking is started instead ofDL level based HO if both,DLlevel and DL quality for,9.MS-BS Distance10.Turn-around-corner MS11.Rapid field drop12.Fast/Slow moving M

46、S13.Better cell(Power budget HO or,unpacking triggers)8.Downlink level*)Unpacking is started instead of UL level based HO if both UL level and UL quality for unpacking trigger.internal use,Umbrella HO)14.Load based HO in CommonBCCH from BCCH/non-BCCHlayer to non-BCCH layer15.AMR packing16.AMR unpack

47、ingNew,AMR,AMR相关统计 Current Traffic Measurement counters,1110 Full TCH Seiz Speech Ver 3,1113 Half TCH Seiz Speech Ver 3,1116 Full TCH Seiz Int HO Ch Rate and1117 Half TCH Seiz Int HO Ch Rate,New Traffic Measurement counters Seizures for intra AMR HOs,i.e.HOs between AMRchannel rates TCH requests for

48、 AMR calls AMR codec mode set downgrades and upgrades New RX Quality Statistics Measurementcounters FR and HR codec modes(1-4)used on uplink and ondownlink with different RxQual classes(AMR CodecMode Sets counter maps the codec modes 1-4 toFor internal use34 Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation/Autho

49、r/Date,35 Nokia Siemens Networks,Presentation/Author/Date,For internal use,AMR,AMR相关统计,Microsoft OfficeWord 文文,计NED说明,AMR话务是amr话务量是通过qual采样点的方式，表P_NBSC_RX_QUAL即可取到，现网不用另开测量，公式如下：New Power Control Measurement counters The last used uplink and downlink AMR codec mode in the lastmeasurement interval Ne

50、w Clear Code PM Measurement counters Successful HOs between AMR channel ratesAMR所有统,36 Nokia Siemens Networks,Presentation/Author/Date,AMR,AMR相关统计,AMR话务量是通过qual采样点的方式，表P_NBSC_RX_QUAL即可取到，现网不用另开测量，公式如下：,For internal use,Qual话务：sum(FREQ_UL_QUAL0,0)+.+(FREQ_UL_QUAL7,0)*0.48/1800AMR FR话务：sum(AMR_FR_MODE