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1、高三英语专题复习,英语阅读理解技巧,2010年高考考试说明对阅读理解的要求,要求学生读懂简易的英语文学作品，科普文章，公告，说明，广告以及书，报，杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考生应能：1 理解语篇主旨大意2 理解文中具体信息3 根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义4 根据文中事实和线索作出简单的判断和推理5 理解文章的基本结构和文脉逻辑关系6 理解作者的观点，意图和态度,根据2010年考纲阅读理解对学生提出如下能力要求,一 题材分析能力二 题干分析能力三 猜词能力四综合应用语言能力,一：题材分析能力,高考英语考试中阅读理解的文章一般有这样几种文体，即记叙文、描写文、说明文、应用
2、文和论述文。不同的文体有不同的段落组织方式和脉络层次。,二：题干分析能力,从阅读题的题干入手，题目可分为以下三种类型 细节理解题 主旨判断题 推理判断题,细节理解题,细节理解题就是我们常见的wh-题，它们大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。做此类题的方法一般是先用寻读法找出与问题相关的词语或句子，再对相关的部分进行细读，找出正确答案。,细节类问题的命题方式有以下几种：1)Which of the following is NOT true
3、 according to the information in the passage?2)The author mentions all of the following except_.3)In the passage,the author states that _.4)The reason for.is.5)According to the passage,when(where,why,how,who,etc.).6)From the passage we know that _.,Many American presidents in the 19th century were b
4、orn in poor families.They spent their childhood in little wooden rooms.They got little education.Washington and Lincoln,for example,never went to school and they taught themselves.Lincoln once did jobs of a worker,shop-keeper and post officer in his early years.A large number of U.S presidents had e
5、xperiences in the army.The two best known were Ulysses Grant and Dwight D.Eisenhower.Grant was a general in the American Civil War and Eisenhower was a hero in the second World War.It happened that they graduated from the same schoolWest Point Military Academy(西点军校),1,Q:President Eisenhower became w
6、ell-known.A.while studying in West Point Military Academy B.during the American Civil War C.after he was elected President of the U.S.D.during World War II.,Eisenhower was a hero in the second World War.,Invited by Mr.Ye Huixian，host of the well received TV programme“Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin，Miss
7、 Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shan ghai TV screen last Sunday.Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition，she had been an
8、 airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years.,2,However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage，dancing，singing，making-up and other proper manners，designed by the Asia TV Station.“Its really a hard job for me.I wont enter for such competition any more.Anyhow，I am qu
9、ite lucky.I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title.This time，in Shanghai，Id love to make a deep impression on my TV audience，said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.,Q：Which of the following is NOT true?A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B.Luo Lin moved to H
10、ongkong with her parents.C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.,Miss Asia of 1991,Born in Shanghai,designed Asia TV Station,主旨判断题：,主旨判断题就是考查文章的大意，考查学生归纳总结能力，一般我们可根据如下几个因素来判断：短文标题、主题（Title）；大意段落大意（Main idea）,主旨大意题的提问方式有以下几种：1）The general/mai
11、n idea of the passage is about _ 2）Which of the following best states the theme of the passage？3）In this passage the author discusses primarily _ 4）The passage is mostly about _ 5）The passage is mainly concerned about _ 6）What is the main topic of the passage？7）What is the best title for the passage
12、？8）The subject discussed in this text is _ 9）The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to 10）The passage is meant to.11）The purpose of this article is to,技巧：1.认真阅读文章的第一段或每段的第一个句子或最后一句。2.文章的主题作者往往有意识地反复论述。抓住反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题3.文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性 的提示后。例如：On the whole,in short,therefore I a
13、gree with the opinion thatFor all the reasons mentioned above,I would prefer,掌握了找主题句的方法，就可以依据主题句归纳主题。但归纳主题容易出现以下三种错误，需要同学们注意。1以偏概全。即只抓住了主题的一个侧面就误以为是主题。2过于笼统。即归纳的主题太泛，与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论证。3把观点强加给作者。读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解。,Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to stea
14、l.Such a person is not really a thief.They are sick and cannot help themselves.All small children act naturally and as they grow up they normally learn to control their actions.People with kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to develop control over their desire to take things that do
15、 not belong to them.With medical help they may become normal citizens again.They things that a kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great value.They often give away what they have stolen or collect objects without using them.,3,Q:What is the topic of the text?A.Young Thieves.B.An Unusual Illness.C.Reas
16、ons for Stealing D.A Normal Childs Actions.,Topic Sentence:Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal.,You dream each night,even though you may not remember your dreams.While you dream your eyes move and your heart beats faster.Even your brain-wave pattern changes.
17、Some scientists think that dreaming is important for the sake of health.They claim that without dream,people would go crazy.,5,Q:What does the passage mainly tells?A.How people stay healthy B.How sleep is necessary C.Why dreams are important D.When people remember their dreams,Topic Sentence:Some sc
18、ientists think that dreaming is important for the sake of health,推理判断题：,技巧：找出作者所陈述的细节、事实以及能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，进行符合逻辑的推理。注意：不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点解推断题最主要的方法是根据词义关系推断具体细节。,有关推理的试题常常包括以下类型：1)It can be inferred from the text that _.2)From the text we know that _.3)The story implies that _.4)The paragraph follow
19、ing the passage will most probably be _.5)The writers attitude toward.is _.6)The author implied（suggested）that 7)It may be concluded from the passage that 8)Which of the following statements does the passage support？9)With which of the following does the author agree？,One day a man walked a pet shop
20、 and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches（蟑螂）and two spiders（蜘蛛）.”“What do you need these things for?”the shop assistant was very surprised.“Well，”replied the man，“Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactl
21、y the same condition as I found it.”,8,Q：The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the apartment，it was _.A.very clean B.just cleaned by the landlord C.tidy and comfortable D.dirty and full of insects,Some people are never right.They never have good luck.They usually do the wrong thing an
22、d say the wrong thing.And even if what they say or do is OK，they as a rule say it or do it at the wrong time.So these people always have problems.They often break dishes.They sometimes miss buses and airplanes.Mr Neff is different.He is always right.He is never wrong.He usually has good luck.He seld
23、om has problems.He never breaks dishes.He never misses buses or airplanes.Even if he does miss them，it is always the fault of the buses or air planes.Mr Neff knows almost everything.He doesnt ask questions；he answers questions.He never says，“I dont know.”,9,Q：Which of the following best describes th
24、e writers attitude（态度）towards Mr Neff?A.He finds Mr.Neff hard to understand B.He thinks Mr.Neff wonderful C.He feels pity for Mr.Neff D.He does not like Mr.Neff,三：猜词能力,主要要求学生根据上下文判断词语的涵义这种题型常见的设题方式有：1）The underlined word/phrase in the passage means _ 2）The word it/themin the first paragraph refers t
25、o _ 3）The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _4）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？,（一）根据常识、经验猜生词 例如：The old man put on his spectacles and began to read The door was so low that I hit the head on the lintel,（二）根据上下文解释做出判断：其方法主要有：1
26、根据文中的定义、解释猜生词。例如：The harbor is protected by a jettya wall built out into the water 2利用事例或解释猜生词。例如：The doctor is studying glaucoma and other diseases of the eye 3利用重复解释的信息猜生词。例如：Mr.Smith always arrives home punctually，neither early nor late,4根据同位关系进行判断：阅读中出现一些难词，有时后面就是一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这种解释有时也用连词“or”连接
27、。a），and other Germanic and Nordic peoples，who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxon（or Old English），a Germanic language b）The Chunnel，a tunnel（隧道）connecting England and France，is now complete,（三）利用标点符号和提示词猜测词义 One of the obstacles to false reading is vocalizingsaying the words to themselves in a low vo
28、ice The early scientific study of chemistry，known as alchemy，grew up in Egypt in the first few centuries AD,（四）根据转折或对比关系进行判断根据上下句的连接词，如：but，however，otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。分号（；）还可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。He has been getting better，but during the night his condition deteriorated,（五）根据构词
29、法（合成、派生、转化）进行判断英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是生词，但掌握了一定的构词法知识，就不难猜出它的词义。例如（NMET2002，B篇）Market research shows that Gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons for their preferences-but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete,根据近年来高考阅读理解对同学们提出新的要求，建议同学
30、们在以下几个方面加强自我训练！1猜测熟词新含义例1:The major market force rests in the growing population of white collar employees(白领雇员)，who can afford the new service.例2:she is so particular about her housework that servants are not willing to work for her.猜测熟词含义除了要求同学们有较强的语境分析能力外，还要求同学们有较宽的知识面，对常见有新含义的熟词要弄清其用法，并将这些词进行简要归
31、纳整理。,2猜测词性变换新词含义When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago，how could they even begin to picture modern life?Bur in all honesty,I treasure the fact,which helps me to be a better leader and person.利用熟词的新词性来抽象词义，关键应在理解原词的基础上，分析它的新词性，并结合原词含义发挥合理想象，从而概括抽象出它的新词义。,阅读解题四步骤,第一步：通读全文，把握文章大意第二步：细读题干，查询转换内容第三步：扫读语块，搜索有效信息第四步：查读题项，定位正确答案,四：综合解题能力,“毛病”（bad habits）:教学过程中，发现学生在阅读时常做些不利于阅读的坏动作。有的同学晃头、颠腿、转笔、听音乐、咬指头、趴在桌子上、揪头发等等。1“指读”2“声读”3“译读”4“回读”5“参照读”6“视幅过窄”,阅读坏习惯,Thank you for your listening,Homework:1 做两篇阅读，巩固所学技巧。2 完成二论复习上的作业。,
