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1、银行个人理财业务监管法律制度研究 银行个人理财业务监管法律制度研究 Research on the Supervision Legal System of Bank Personalfinancial Services【中文摘要】 我国银行个人理财业务从飞速发展到因“零收益”、“负收益”风波而遭遇困境,究其原因,主要在于以下及各方面:银行个人理财法律关系定性模糊、混乱,导致监管难以到位;由于存在法律风险、市场风险、流动性风险和操作风险等,行业自身具有高风险性,难以保证“稳赚不赔”;信息不对称等外部原因,使投资者相对于银行而言处于被动和弱势的地位;现行有关规范性文件内容不完善,法律效力位阶较低,
2、规制力度不够等。针对以上问题,笔者认为只有加强和完善对银行个人理财业务的监管,才能促进个人理财市场更快更好的发展,才能更好的保护投资者的利益。本文主要采用理论探讨和实证分析相结合,法学与经济学交叉研究相结合的方法,综合分析了银行个人理财业务中存在的法律矛盾和问题,分别回答了“是什么”、“为什么”以及“怎么做”三大问题。首先,第一章从概念的内涵和外延两个角度分析了银行个人理财“是什么”,并按照不同的标准对银行个人理财业务进行了分类,然后概括了银行个人理财业务在国外和国内的发展历程。第二章对银行个人理财法律关系的性质进行了深入的探讨,进一步回答“是什么”这个问题。首先介绍了现行的观点学说和立法中的
3、相关规定,然后针对银行个人理财业务的复杂性,通过具体问题具体分析,得出理财顾问服务属于技术咨询合同法律关系,保证收益和保本浮动收益理财计划属于借贷法律关系,非保本浮动收益理财计划属于信托法律关系的结论。同时从法律关系三要素的角度,对以上三类不同的理财业务的主体、客体、权利义务的内容进行了详细的分析。其次,第三章专章回答了“为什么”的问题,即分析了对银行个人理财业务进行监管的必要性。从理论上而言,银行个人理财业务具有高风险性,且由于信息不对称等外部因素的影响,投资者与银行在对理财产品的基本了解和运作上存在着极大的不平等,不利于保护投资者的利益;从现实中的具体情况来看,银行个人理财业务存在产品设计
4、管理机制不健全、风险揭示不到位、理财业务人员误导销售等诸多问题,而现行立法规制力度不够,在参与银行个人理财市场的社会公众人数越来越多的情况下,加强和完善有关监管制度迫在眉睫。最后,第四章提出了“怎么做”的建议。首先确立了三项监管原则,即保护投资者的利益,依法监管,注重安全与效率;其次重点是要构建相关的监管制度。具体包括以下几个方面:实行专业性监管,通过对理财产品设计自主性、创新性的监管,对理财产品市场准入严格把关;完善理财资金第三方托管制度;加强“保底条款”风险防范;通过对交易发生前产品宣传的监管和对交易发生后客户知情权的保障,规范个人理财市场信息披露;完善银行个人理财业务人员资格管理制度。
5、【英文摘要】 After our countrys bank personal financial services enter into the rapid development stage,they fall into difficult position because of”zero income”,”negative income”storm.Investigating its reasons,which lie in such the following aspects:the legal relationship qualitative of the bank personal
6、 financial services is fuzzy and chaotic,which leads to imperfect supervision;due to the existence of legal risks,market risks,liquidity risks and operational risks etc.,it is difficult to guarantee”can not lose”, information asymmetries and other external factors make investors be in a passive and
7、vulnerable status compared with bank;the existing normative documents relating to it are imperfect,the legal effect level is low and the role of regulations is insufficient.In view of the above questions,I think only strengthening and improving supervision on bank personal financial services can pro
8、mote it to have better and faster development,can protect the interests of investors more efficiently.This paper adopts the research method of combination of theoretical and empirical analysis,law and economics theories to comprehensively analyze the legal contradictions and the problems in the bank
9、 personal financial services,then answers the three questions of “what”,”why”and”how to do”.First of all,Chapter I answers the question of”what”from the point of view of concepts connotation and extension and classifies the bank personal financial services in accordance with different standards,then
10、 sums up its development course.Chapter 2 discusses the nature of their legal relationship deeply.First,the paper introduces current doctrines and relevant provisions of the legislation,then through specific and concrete analysis,it obtains the conclusion that the financial consulting services belon
11、g to the legal relationship of technical consulting contract,the plan of ensuring income and the plan of ensuring capital with floating earnings belong to the lending legal relationship,and the plan of non-insurance capital with float earnings belongs to the trust legal relationship.At the same time
12、,from the view of the three elements of legal relationship,the paper specifically analyzes the main body,object,fights and obligations of the three different financial services mentioned above.Next,Chapter 3 answers the question of”why”,that is to analyze the necessity of supervision on bank persona
13、l financial services.In theory, they have high risks,due to the influence of information asymmetry and other external factors,investors and bank are unequal in understanding and operating the financial products,so the interests of investors cant be protected well.In reality,there are so many problem
14、s in bank personal financial services,for example,product design management mechanism is not perfect,risk revealing is not sufficient,the sales is mislead by staff,but the regulatory effect of present legislation is weak.When more and more people take part in this market,strengthening and improving
15、the supervision system is urgent.Finally,Chapter 4 proposes suggestions about”how to do”.First,it establishes three main principles the supervision should obey:protecting the interests of investors,abiding by the law,paying enough attention to both safety and efficiency.Followed by,the key is to con
16、struct relevant regulatory systems,which include the following aspects:implementing the professional supervision,controlling the market access of financial products strictly through supervision on product designs independence and innovation;consummating the third party trusteeship system of financia
17、l funds;strengthening prevention of risks of the provision about “guarantees a minimum”;standardizing information disclosure of the personal financial markets;perfecting the management system of the qualifications of the staff in bank personal financial services. 【中文关键词】 银行个人理财; 法律关系; 监管; 法律制度 【英文关键
18、词】 the bank personal financial services; legal relationship; supervision; legal system 【毕业论文目录】摘要 4-6 ABSTRACT 6-7 引论 10-12 第一章 银行个人理财概述 12-19 一、概念 12-13 二、分类 13-16 (一) 按照管理运作方式不同,可分为理财顾问服务和综合理财服务 13-14 (二) 按照银行是否承诺保证客户获取收益的不同,可分为保证收益理财计划和非保证收益理财计划 14-15 (三) 按照资金募集方式的不同,可分为分散式理财和集合式理财 15-16 三、银行个人理财
19、的发展史 16-19 (一) 银行个人理财在国外的发展历程 16-17 (二) 银行个人理财在国内的发展历程 17-19 第二章 银行个人理财的法律关系 19-30 一、关于银行个人理财法律关系性质的争议 19-21 (一) 委托代理关系 19-20 (二) 独立的无名合同 20 (三) 信托法律关系 20-21 二、我国现行立法的规定 21-22 三、法律关系具体分析 22-30 (一) 理财顾问服务 22-23 (二) 保证收益和保本浮动收益理财计划 23-25 (三) 非保本浮动收益理财计划 25-30 第三章 加强银行个人理财监管的必要性 30-36 一、监管必要性的理性分析 30-3
20、4 (一) 内在原因:银行个人理财业务的高风险性 30-33 (二) 外部因素:信息不对称加剧了风险 33-34 二、现行监管制度存在严重不足 34-36 第四 章完善银行个人理财监管制度的建议 36-45 一、监管原则 36-38 (一) 保护客户利益的原则 36 (二) 依法监管原则 36-37 (三) 安全与效率并重原则 37-38 二、监管制度构建 38-45 (一) 建立专业性监管制度,加强对理财产品市场准入的监管 38-40 (二) 完善理财资金第三方托管制度 40-41 (三) 加强”保底条款”的风险防范 41-42 (四) 规范信息披露 42-43 (五) 完善银行个人理财业务人员资格管理制度 43-45 结论 45-46 参考文献 46-49 后记 49
