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1、The Misery of Shyness 羞怯的痛苦Betty Sobel and Lorraine C. Smith Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. 对许多人来说，羞怯是很多不愉快的起因。All kinds of people describe themselves as N shy: short, tall, dull, intelligent, young, old, slim, overweight. 各种各样的人矮的、高的、愚笨的、聪明的、年轻的、年老的、瘦的、胖的都说自己是羞怯的。
2、Shy people are anxious and self-conscious N; that is, they are excessively concerned with their own appearance and actions. 羞怯的人会焦虑不安，感到不自然；也就是说，他们过分地关注自己的外表和举止。 Worrisome thoughts are constantly swirling in their minds: What kind of impression am I making? Do they like me? Do I sound stupid? Im ugl
3、y. Im wearing unattractive clothes. 脑海中不断盘旋着一些使自己不安的想法：我给人留下的是什么印象？他们喜欢我吗？我讲话是不是傻里傻气？我长得难看。我穿的衣服毫不引人注目。2 It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must affect people adversely. 很显然这种不安的感觉会对人产生不利的影响。A persons self-concept is reflected in the way he or she behaves, and the way a person behaves af
4、fects other peoples reactions. 一个人的自我看法反映在自己的行为方式之中，而一个人的行为方式又影响他人的反应。In general, the way people think about themselves has a profound effect on all areas of their lives. 通常，人们如何看待自己对他们生活的各个方面都会产生深刻的影响。For instance, people who have a positive sense of self-worth or high self-esteem usually act with
5、confidence. 例如，具有积极的自我价值观或很强自尊心的人往往表现出自信。 Because they have self-assurance, they do not need constant praise and encouragement from others to feel good about themselves. 而由于自信，他们不需要他人不断地称赞和鼓励，也能使自己感觉良好。Self-confident people participate in life enthusiastically and spontaneously. 自信者热情、自发地投入生活。They a
6、re not affected by what others think they should do. 他们不因别人认为他们“该”做什么而受到影响。 People with high self-esteem are not hurt by criticism; they do not regard criticism as a personal attack. 有很强自尊心的人不会被批评所伤害；他们不会把批评看作是人身攻击。Instead, they view a criticism as a suggestion for improvement. 相反，他们认为批评是一种提醒他们改进的建议
7、。3 In contrast, shy people, having low self-esteem, are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. 相比之下，羞怯的人自尊心较弱，往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。They need reassurance that they are doing the right thing. 他们（是否）在做“该做的事情”需要得到别人的肯定。Shy people are very sensitive N to criticism; they feel it confirms N their
8、 inferiority. 害羞的人对批评非常敏感；他们觉得批评正好证实了他们比别人差。 They also find it difficult to be pleased by compliments N because they believe they are unworthy of praise. 他们也很难因别人的赞美而高兴，因为他们相信自己不值得称赞。A shy person may respond to a compliment with a statement like this one: Youre just saying that to make me feel good.
9、 I know its not true. 羞怯的人也许会用这样的话来回答别人的赞美之辞：“你这么说只是为了让我感觉好一些。我知道这不是真的。”It is clear that, while N self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is detrimental, or harmful. 显然，尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质，过分的自我意识却是不利和有害的。4 Can shyness be completely eliminated N, or at least reduced? 能否彻底消除或者至少减轻羞怯感呢？Fortunatel
10、y, people can overcome shyness with determined and patient effort in building self-confidence. 幸运的是，人们能够通过坚持不懈的努力建立自信从而克服羞怯。 Since shyness goes hand in hand with lack of self-esteem, it is important for people to accept their weaknesses as well as their strengths. 由于胆怯和缺少自尊是密切相关的，因此正视自己的弱点和正视自己的优点一样
11、重要。 For example, most people would like to be A students in every subject. 例如，大多数人希望每门功课都得A。 It is not fair for them to label themselves as inferior because they have difficulty in some areas. 如果仅仅因为在某些领域有困难，就把自己列为差生，这不恰如其分。Peoples expectations N of themselves must be realistic. 人们对自己的期望必须现实。Dwellin
12、g on the impossible leads to a sense of inadequacy, and even feelings of envy, or jealousy. 老是想那些不可能的事情会令自己觉得无能，甚至产生嫉妒。We are self-destructive when we envy a student who gets better grades. 当我们嫉妒比自己成绩好的学生时，我们正在自我否定。5 If you are shy, here are some specific helpful steps toward building self-confidenc
13、e and overcoming shyness: 如果你害羞，这里有些具体有效的步骤帮助你树立信心并克服羞怯感：6 1. Recognize your personal strengths and weaknesses. 认清自己的优缺点。Everyone has both. 每个人既有优点又有缺点。As self-acceptance grows, shyness naturally diminishes. 随着对自我的不断认同，羞怯感就会自然减弱。7 2. Set reasonable goals. 确定合理的目标。For example, you may be timid about
14、being with a group of strangers at a party. 例如，在聚会时和一群陌生人在一起，你也许会怯场。Dont feel that you must converse with everyone. 不要以为你必须和每个人交谈。Concentrate on talking to only one or two people. You will feel more comfortable. 集中精力，仅和一两个人交谈，你会感到更自在些。8 3. Guilt and shame are destructive feelings. 内疚和羞耻感是消极的情感。Dont
15、waste time and energy on them. 不要把时间和精力浪费在这上头。Suppose you have hurt someones feelings. Feeling ashamed accomplishes nothing. 假设你伤害了某人的感情，（光）感到羞愧是无济于事的。Instead, accept the fact that you have made a mistake, and make up your mind to be more sensitive in the future. 相反，应该承认你犯了个错误，并决心在将来更加善解人意。9 4. Ther
16、e are numerous approaches to all issues. 所有问题都有许多种解决办法。Few opinions are completely right or wrong. 很少有完全正确或完全错误的意见。 Dont be afraid to speak up and give your point of view. 要敢于公开表达自己的观点。10 5. Do not make negative comments about yourself. 不要对自己做消极的评论。This is a form of self-rejection. 这是一种自我否定。Avoid de
17、scribing yourself as stupid, ugly, a failure. 千万别把自己描述为愚蠢的、丑陋的，或者一个失败者 Accent the positive. 注重自己积极的方面。11 6. Accept criticism thoughtfully. 接受批评时要缜密思考。Do not interpret it as a personal attack. 不要把批评理解为人身攻击。If, for example, a friend complains about your cooking, accept it as a comment on your cooking,
18、 not yourself. 例如，如果一位朋友抱怨你的烹饪技术，要把这当成对你的烹饪技术而不是对你本人的评价而接受下来。Be assured that you are still good friends, but perhaps your cooking could improve. 放心，你们还是好朋友，但你的烹饪技术也许确实有待改进。12 7. Remember that everyone experiences some failures and disappointments. 记住，每个人都会经历一些失败和挫折。Profit from them as learning exper
19、iences. 要把它们作为增长见识的经历，从中受益。Very often a disappointment becomes a turning point N for a wonderful experience to come along. 挫折往往会成为转机，随之而来的将是一段美妙绝伦的经历。For instance, you may be rejected by the college of your choice. 例如，你可能被你所中意的大学拒之门外。However, at the college you actually attend, you may find a qualit
20、y N of education beyond what you had expected. 然而，在你就读的大学里，你可能发现这里教育的某一特点比你料想的好得多。13 8. Do not associate with people who make you feel inadequate. 有些人会使你感到自己无能，不要和这种人交往。Try to change their attitude or yours, or remove yourself from that relationship. 去设法改变他们对你的态度或者改变你对自己的态度，要不就脱离这种关系。People who hurt
21、 you do not have your best interests at heart. 伤害你的人并不关心你的最大利益。14 9. Set aside time to relax, enjoy hobbies, and re-evaluate your goals regularly. 留出时间休息，享受自己的业余爱好，并且定期地重新审定自己的目标。Time spent this way helps you learn more about yourself. 为此所花费的时间有助于更好地了解你自己。15 10. Practice being in social situations.
22、多在社交场合中锻炼。 Dont isolate yourself from people. 不要把自己同他人隔离开来。 Try making one acquaintance at a time; eventually you will circulate in large groups with skill and self-assurance. 设法一次结识一位朋友；最终你将能够娴熟而自信地在众人中周旋。16 Each one of us is a unique, valuable individual. 我们每个人都是独一无二、难能可贵的个体。 We are interesting in
23、 our own personal ways. 我们自有吸引人的地方。The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential. 我们对自己了解得越多，就越容易充分发挥自己的潜力。Lets not allow shyness to block our chances for a rich and fulfilling life. 不要让羞怯成为阻碍我们拥有丰富和成功生活的绊脚石( 820 words) 各种各样的人矮的、高的、愚笨的、聪明的、年轻的、年老的、瘦的、胖的都说
24、自己是羞怯的。羞怯的人会焦虑不安，感到不自然；也就是说，他们过分地关注自己的外表和举止。脑海中不断盘旋着一些使自己不安的想法：我给人留下的是什么印象？他们喜欢我吗？我讲话是不是傻里傻气？我长得难看。我穿的衣服毫不引人注目。很显然这种不安的感觉会对人产生不利的影响。一个人的自我看法反映在自己的行为方式之中，而一个人的行为方式又影响他人的反应。通常，人们如何看待自己对他们生活的各个方面都会产生深刻的影响。例如，具有积极的自我价值观或很强自尊心的人往往表现出自信。而由于自信，他们不需要他人不断地称赞和鼓励，也能使自己感觉良好。自信者热情、自发地投入生活。他们不因别人认为他们“该”做什么而受到影响。有
25、很强自尊心的人不会被批评所伤害；他们不会把批评看作是人身攻击。相反，他们认为批评是一种提醒他们改进的建议。相比之下，羞怯的人自尊心较弱，往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。他们（是否）在做“该做的事情”需要得到别人的肯定。害羞的人对批评非常敏感；他们觉得批评正好证实了他们比别人差。他们也很难因别人的赞美而高兴，因为他们相信自己不值得称赞。羞怯的人也许会用这样的话来回答别人的赞美之辞：“你这么说只是为了让我感觉好一些。我知道这不是真的。”显然，尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质，过分的自我意识却是不利和有害的。能否彻底消除或者至少减轻羞怯感呢？幸运的是，人们能够通过坚持不懈的努力建立自信从而克服羞怯。由于
26、胆怯和缺少自尊是密切相关的，因此正视自己的弱点和正视自己的优点一样重要。例如，大多数人希望每门功课都得A。如果仅仅因为在某些领域有困难，就把自己列为差生，这不恰如其分。人们对自己的期望必须现实。老是想那些不可能的事情会令自己觉得无能，甚至产生嫉妒。当我们嫉妒比自己成绩好的学生时，我们正在自我否定。如果你害羞，这里有些具体有效的步骤帮助你树立信心并克服羞怯感：认清自己的优缺点。每个人既有优点又有缺点。随着对自我的不断认同，羞怯感就会自然减弱。确定合理的目标。例如，在聚会时和一群陌生人在一起，你也许会怯场。不要以为你必须和每个人交谈。集中精力，仅和一两个人交谈，你会感到更自在些。内疚和羞耻感是消极
27、的情感。不要把时间和精力浪费在这上头。假设你伤害了某人的感情，（光）感到羞愧是无济于事的。相反，应该承认你犯了个错误，并决心在将来更加善解人意。所有问题都有许多种解决办法。很少有完全正确或完全错误的意见。要敢于公开表达自己的观点。不要对自己做消极的评论。这是一种自我否定。千万别把自己描述为愚蠢的、丑陋的，或者一个失败者。注重自己积极的方面。接受批评时要缜密思考。不要把批评理解为人身攻击。例如，如果一位朋友抱怨你的烹饪技术，要把这当成对你的烹饪技术而不是对你本人的评价而接受下来。放心，你们还是好朋友，但你的烹饪技术也许确实有待改进。记住，每个人都会经历一些失败和挫折。要把它们作为增长见识的经历，
28、从中受益。挫折往往会成为转机，随之而来的将是一段美妙绝伦的经历。例如，你可能被你所中意的大学拒之门外。然而，在你就读的大学里，你可能发现这里教育的某一特点比你料想的好得多。有些人会使你感到自己无能，不要和这种人交往。去设法改变他们对你的态度或者改变你对自己的态度，要不就脱离这种关系。伤害你的人并不关心你的最大利益。留出时间休息，享受自己的业余爱好，并且定期地重新审定自己的目标。为此所花费的时间有助于更好地了解你自己。多在社交场合中锻炼。不要把自己同他人隔离开来。设法一次结识一位朋友；最终你将能够娴熟而自信地在众人中周旋。我们每个人都是独一无二、难能可贵的个体。我们自有吸引人的地方。我们对自己了
29、解得越多，就越容易充分发挥自己的潜力。不要让羞怯成为阻碍我们拥有丰富和成功生活的绊脚石。和 “describe. as”类似的词组有: accept. as，interpret. as，regard. as，view. as，look on. as，consider. as，take. as，perceive. as，label. as。“as”后面可以接名词、动名词、形容词。e.g. I) He did not accept this reply as valid. II) Would you describe yourself as being a hard worker? III) Yo
30、u should not interpret the silence as a refusal. IV) Many conservatives disapprove of the tax, regarding it as unfair. V) She is viewed as a strong candidate for the job. VI) We look on her as a daughter. VII) Do you consider him (as) a friend or a colleague? VIII) She took what he said as a complim
31、ent. IX) Stress is widely perceived as contributing to heart disease. X) If you spend any time in prison youre likely to be labelled as a criminal for the rest of your life.This passage has many self- words: self-assurance (自信心), self-esteem (自尊心), self-worth (自我价值), self-conscious (不自在的，不自然的), self
32、-concept (自我概念), self-confident (自信的), self-awareness (自我了解), self-destructive (自毁的), self-acceptance (自我认同), self-rejection (自暴自弃), etc.In the sentence Shy people are very sensitive to criticism., the word sensitive means easily upset or offended (敏感的); while in the sentence . make up your mind to
33、be more sensitive in the future the word sensitive means able to understand other peoples feelings and problems(反应灵敏的，易感受的).e.g. I) Hes sensitive (敏感的) about his bad teeth, so try not to look at them.II) If you are a public figure, you cant afford to be too sensitive (敏感的) to criticism.III) In gener
34、al, he is a sensitive (反应灵敏的) and intelligent young man. IV) It has made me much more sensitive (易感受的) to the needs of the pare: confirm, conform, affirm confirm: 证实，肯定，进一步确定 e.g. I) New evidence has confirmed the first witness story. II) Her remarks confirmed me that she was a very gentle young lad
35、y.conform: 遵照，符合，一致。后面常跟“to”或“with”e.g. I) You must either conform to the rules or leave the school. II) This piece of equipment does not conform to the official safety standards.affirm: 断言，声明e.g. I) He affirmed to me that he was innocent.II) She affirmed that she was telling the pliment: 赞美的话，恭维的话e
36、.g. I) She paid me a very charming compliment on my paintings.II) She accepted his compliments about her dress with a smile. 在表示“问候，祝福”等意时，“compliment” 用复数“compliments”。 e.g. With the compliments of the season. 谨致节日的祝贺。（西方人在圣诞和新年时的贺词。）The word while here means in spite of the fact that(尽管).e.g. I) W
37、hile she is a likeable girl, she can be extremely difficult to work with.II) While there was no conclusive evidence, most people thought he was guilty. compare: eliminate, reduce, diminishEliminate means to remove or get rid of completely. Reduce means to make less in size, amount, price, degree, et
38、c. Both eliminate and reduce are transitive verbs. They have to be followed by an object. Diminish is to (cause to) become less in size or importance. It can be used either as a transitive verb or an intransitive verb.e.g. I) We cant eliminate the use of paper but we can certainly reduce the amount
39、of paper we waste.II) I dont expect students to eliminate all of their grammar mistakes but they should make an effort to reduce the number of careless mistakes.III) I reduced my weight by going on a diet.IV) I dont want to diminish her achievements, but she did have a lot of help.V) The threat of n
40、uclear war has diminished. expectation n.和“expectation”有关的词组有：in expectation of（预计会有）, against (contrary to) all expectations（出乎意料地）, beyond (all) expectations（出乎意料地/的）, come/live up to expectations（达到期望）e.g. I) She took an umbrella with her in expectation of rain.II) Contrary to all expectations sh
41、e was accepted by the academy.III) The plan has succeeded beyond our expectations.IV) We usually enjoy his films, but the latest one didnt live up to our expectations.a turning point: 转折点e.g. I) Meeting her was the turning point in my life. II) The fall of the Berlin Wall marked a turning point in E
42、ast-West relations. Here quality means a distinguishing characteristic(特点，优点).e.g. I) Some of the prints (洗印的照片) have a quality of Chinese painting.II) This, however, is a quality of The Lord of the Rings (指环王).III) He never thought she would possess a quality of mind like his own.IV) There are French qualities that are difficult to get across, even in a good translation. Unit 1 Book 3Personality
