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1、At present Chinas rural credit are the main problems and countermeasures Summary: The current problem in Chinas rural credit cooperatives in the development of the most important question is: cooperative system in name only, a departure from the direction of co-finance; owner is not in place, formin
2、g a de facto insider control; personnel lower the overall professional quality, institutions are overstaffed . Proposals to solve the problem is: the development of community finance, rural cooperative financial gap to make up to rebuild the true sense of mutual aid group of rural cooperative financ
3、ial institutions, in order to meet the majority of small farmers, frequent demand for funds; in order to improve their corporate governance structure as a turning point guide the developed areas of rural credit cooperatives, rural commercial banks to change; to streamline institutions and personnel
4、of rural credit cooperatives, improve overall competitiveness. Keywords: Problems and Countermeasures of Rural Credit Cooperatives A serious shortage of funds plagued Chinas rural economy, sustainable development. In 2003 Chinas agricultural value added share of GDP, was 14.8%, but agriculture in th
5、e entire financial institutions occupy less than 6% of the loan balance. Postal Savings Xichu not only loans, each year about 2,000 billion yuan of funds be pulled out of the rural-urban migration. State-Owned Commercial Banks to withdraw from a large number of branches in rural areas, the Rural Cre
6、dit Cooperatives (hereinafter referred to as rural credit cooperatives) are high hopes that rural credit cooperatives to assume the San Nong the burden of providing financial services. However, many problems exist in their own rural credit cooperatives, cooperative financial deviate from the directi
7、on of their services, San Nong the effect of greatly reduced. _, The current major problems in China rural credit cooperatives (I) cooperative system exists in name only Co-operation is the essence of the financial members personally in order to obtain convenient, low-cost financial services to mone
8、tary capital shares of the way, united voluntarily carry out democratic management, mutual benefit financial behavior and financial organizations. But in actual operating process, the rural credit cooperatives over-emphasis on the growth performance in pursuit of profits as the main target, deviatin
9、g from the principles of cooperation for the member service. Regulatory agencies, government departments, legislature and the general public nor the rural credit cooperatives as a cooperative financial organizations, as follows: The regulatory authorities will be treated as commercial banks, rural c
10、redit cooperatives, the regulatory indicators refer to commercial banking standards implementation, Commercial Banking Law is the supervision of rural credit cooperatives, one of the main legal basis; the competent department will target rural credit cooperatives as a highly profitable financial ins
11、titutions, issued every year to its operating targets; while in the minds of those funding needs, agricultural letter agency is depositing and lending business operations of financial institutions, but a difference in terminology. This shows that a large number of Chinas rural credit cooperatives do
12、 not have co-finance voluntary, mutual help, mutual benefit, democracy, and low profitability, the basic characteristics of its cooperative system is a phantom, Chinas rural cooperative financial grossly inadequate. (B) the owner is not in place, forming a de facto internal control The current rural
13、 credit cooperatives, corporate governance structure is not sound, three will be the system, a mere formality. The main reason is that the threshold is too low because members access, especially those due to shock the impact of equity stake in the activities of the members of credit unions and condi
14、tions of the supervision of a lack of motivation, resulting in most of the credit cooperatives are still controlled by the operator. The democratic management of rural credit cooperatives lack of substantive content, the members there is no guarantee of democratic management, equity members in the m
15、anagement of the real sense of weak participation in the management capacity is low. RCC members and because only small amounts of capital to limited liability, the concerns of members of the credit level and join a company motives are in question. Members in general exceeds the amount of loans in t
16、he amounts of capital cases, individual members may even be because of an extremely selfish reasons, to make long-term development detrimental to credit decisions. Virtual property rights are owned by leading corporate governance obligations of responsibility to a serious imbalance of power, which t
17、riggered a series of acts against the interests of credit unions, as the moral hazard of managers, the abuse of functions, extensive management, luxury consumption. Operational objectives, salaries and other executives is entirely their decision, short-term behavior is inevitable, making the owner o
18、f the most efficient monitoring mechanism exists in name only, resulting in the internal management of confusion, inadequate or poorly enforced rules and regulations. Loan approval, the operation of the system strictly arbitrary large, accounting systems do not close, financial management, there are
19、 loopholes in varying degrees, financial quality, a higher proportion of non-performing loans, heavy losses. As of the end of 2004, 6, the National Rural Credit Cooperatives non-performing loan balance of 472.076 billion yuan non-performing loan rate of 24.38%; 16221 Rural Credit Cooperatives insolv
20、ent, insolvent surface 48.1%, totaling 177.9 billion yuan; mortgage assets risk hidden large assets of 50.395 billion yuan to be addressed, at least half can not be recovered; the bad debt reserve balance was only 25.817 billion yuan, total assets, compared with the actual risk of a serious shortage
21、. This is currently the biggest risk for the system of rural credit cooperatives. (C) the overall professional quality of the lower officers, institutions are overstaffed Although a large number of rural credit cooperatives staff, but the staffs education, professional and technical level and profes
22、sional competence in general poor, and conservative values and knowledge of aging. Part of the senior management awareness of modern management, strong, democratic management and the concept of lack of habit inherited from the years of experience in practice is difficult in the short run completely
23、addressed and resolved, restricted the space for development of rural credit cooperatives. Agency networks in general ones, but inefficient outlets accounted for a larger increase in both operating costs, but also to enlarge the operational risks. In assuming a universal service at the same time, in
24、creasing their operating pressure. reposted elsewhere in the paper for free download http:/ 2, with regard to the reform of rural credit cooperatives Suggestions (A) the development of community finance, make up for gaps in the rural cooperative financial How should compensate for the rural cooperat
25、ive financial shortage? How to less developed areas away from the suburbs to provide low-cost financial services to farmers? Of rural credit cooperatives own long-term is difficult to resolve because of the many chronic illnesses, in order in a short period transformed into norms of rural credit coo
26、peratives, farmers form their own cooperative financial organizations, it is not easy. Agricultural Development Banks business is now over a single, unwieldy, heavy historical burdens, as at the end of 2003, the Agricultural Development Bank non-performing loan balance of 390.3 billion yuan non-perf
27、orming loan rate of 56.55 percent, is facing the reforms, but also can not afford to make up for lack of rural cooperative financial responsibility . Taking into account the situation in China, I think that could be considered in accordance with standard principles in the rural cooperative system, e
28、specially in less developed rural areas away from the suburbs, the development and promotion of community funds or similar community-oriented financial institutions, rebuild a group of the true sense of mutual aid of rural cooperative financial institutions, in order to meet the majority of small fa
29、rmers, frequent demand for funds. Community Fund of the original principal amount of the currency issued by way of sectors to poverty alleviation in rural areas by the government provided free of charge, the general control of about 10,000 yuan each community. Chinas total of 720,000 administrative
30、villages in less developed areas away from suburbs of administrative villages by 50% of the maximum estimates, but also Nonetheless, the 36 million, the government only invested 3.6 billion, we can all in less developed areas away from cities and towns of villages the establishment of community fund
31、s. Is the value of the currency symbol, money flow and the distribution of wealth is a positive correlation, as long as it is most in need of capital flows to productive sectors and services in production and construction, will be able to create wealth. The development of community anti-poverty fund
32、 as an institution, its effect will be far beyond a simple cash-poor and micro-credit: first, the Community Fund insists the collective farmers, the principle of voluntary participation, their leader is not a government department or financial institution, but rather Community farmers. Community Fun
33、d would provide funding to meet the credit needs of farmers, the use of capital turnover cycle can greatly enhance the efficiency of fund use. Secondly, the community fund is a real, permanent community assets, not just lines of credit, as long as money can make loan principal operating normally sno
34、wball a long time, you can achieve poverty reduction and sustainable developmentTarget. Furthermore, the temporary inability of national social security system in rural areas have greater input cases, economically backward communities, rural development fund, which could provide farmers with a new s
35、ecurity sources and a means of risk-averse, reflecting the party and the government warm. Although this level of protection is very low, but that is better than nothing, a very high marginal utility. Finally, through community-based fund management can also improve self-management ability of farmers
36、 to enable them to participate more actively in management of public affairs both inside and outside the village, promoting village self-government and rural grass-roots democracy building. The last round of rural cooperative foundations failure of the main reasons are: the grass-roots governments e
37、xcessive administrative intervention in more than 90% of the deposition of loans and administrative intervention-related; the lack of financial knowledge of the farmers do not have developed the ability to deposit and loan business. In view of this, in the development of community funds in the proce
38、ss must adhere to the two fundamental principles: First, resolutely put an end to administrative intervention, get rid of government-run color; two foreign deposits is not only with each other in-house financing. Specific idea is: 1. Farmers voluntarily subscribed Community Fund, funds classified as
39、 community ownership of all the villagers. Only allows members of internal borrowing, lending is prohibited to ensure safety of the funds. 2. To clear the maximum loan amount of community funds (such as 2,000 yuan), Community Fund borrowing rates are generally higher than the poor micro-credit inter
40、est rates in order to guarantee that the Fund the principal of self-operation and gradually increase. 3. Community Fund borrowing households to remain at less than half the total number of funds in order to play the supervisory role of households are not borrowing to increase the pressure on loan re
41、payments of households. 4. Community Fund in principle, for the purpose of profit, the annual interest income, after payment of the fund over 60% of operating costs must be included in the principal, and the rest can be used in the risk of loss of preparation, care of destitute families and develop
42、social welfare undertakings; Community the Funds idle funds can be used for bond investments or deposits with financial institutions. 5. Community Fund management team democratically elected by the villagers to join a company, the group must have a certain number of women and poor households represe
43、ntatives, requiring regular change of management team. Of course, as a new type of cooperative financial organizations, community funds to be put in place in building systems based on the pilot, in summing up, based on experience, coupled with the pilot in order to perfect and promote them. (B) to i
44、mprove their corporate governance structure as an opportunity to guide some rural credit cooperatives to rural commercial banks will be changed The credit mechanism that is essentially a kind of commercial mechanisms, cooperative system from the system itself, or whether it is realistic in practice
45、can give full play to credit mechanisms in the financial resources of the most efficient configuration, more difficult to protect the rural credit cooperatives continued strong operations and must therefore be The non-cooperative system of rural credit cooperatives to address the substance of the ec
46、onomically developed suburbs, rural credit cooperatives should also be encouraged to develop in the direction of commercial banks in rural areas. To abandon their cooperative system in name, re-according to the modern enterprise system, re-joint-stock system of rural credit cooperatives. The existin
47、g rural credit cooperatives on the basis of their members to enrich and optimize the equity structure, fully absorb the area within the enterprise legal person, individual industrial and commercial households, and to other natural persons, shareholding, attract people with good corporate governance
48、structure and excellent market operation, the concept of strategic investment in economic organizations , rural credit cooperatives will be transformed into joint-stock rural commercial banks, the establishment of clear property rights, separating the powers and responsibilities clear, scientific ma
49、nagement of modern enterprise system. Establish a sound new-type rural financial institutions in corporate governance structure, so that those who truly know how a certain economic strength and economic and financial knowledge of a certain person as a rural commercial bank sponsors and shareholders, rather tha
