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1、 Chinese Classical Management Thoughts Abstract: Chinese classical management thinking is the plot of our working people of 5,000 years of practical experience and formed it to Chinas outstanding traditional culture as the basic connotation. To explore the management of schools of thought in ancient
2、 China and the theoretical system, past serve the present, has become the worlds management of the academic study of a “hot spot.” Not only that, This is the building of a modern Chinese-style management is also very necessary. Keywords: classical management schools of thought system The modern sens
3、e, management theory traceability in the West, which is accompanied by the birth of modern capitalist civilization developed. This gives people a vague understanding: It seems that Western civilization is where the sole parent of modern management. In fact, as produced in the human joint labor manag
4、ement thinking is with various countries, nations, civilization, history and cultural background associated. China has five thousand years of history of civilization, has accumulated a broad array of governance, governance of Health (economic), and cultivating the idea, forming a unique charm of the
5、 management culture. Look at the Chinese classical management thinking, analysis of their success, explore their advantages and disadvantages, past serve the present, which for exploring the establishment of a complete theory of socialist management system and with a distinctive ethnic character of
6、the modern enterprise management mode, with a certain practical significance. 1, the Chinese Classical Schools of Management Thought China classical management thinking is 2000 years of Chinese state-run agricultural patriarchal society pointer, and its native form had been formed as early as the Sp
7、ring and Autumn Period. At that time, coincides with the thinkers competing, the voices can be heard. The schools are all put forward their own set of save the world through the states theory, strategy, forming a strong culture of shocking. The ideological emancipation of traditional Chinese managem
8、ent thoughts maturity. Which form a system of management theory as well as 2000 years of traditional Chinese society, with a wide range of penetration, so far only Confucianism, Taoism, France 3. This ternary interaction and evolution of the classical management thinking to China has shown the chara
9、cteristics of the development stage, and in this thought process of integration with Confucianism gradually established a theoretical framework for the management of the trunk, the following will highlight the three major management thinking genre. Stretching over two thousand years of Confucian tho
10、ught, is the backbone of Chinas traditional management culture. Confucianism in Chinese feudal society, be regarded as a national school. It is the history of management thought in ancient China, and management practices can not compare with the other factions thought influence. The so-called “half
11、of” The Analects of Confucius “rule the world” is a reflection after the Han dynasty, Chinas ancient feudal dynasties of rulers will Confucian statecraft as a required course. Is based on the original Confucian ethics as the center, an integrated management philosophy of political ethics. Their mana
12、gement thinking has a self-management (self-cultivation) to household management, to track the logic of state management, but also the unique characteristics of Chinas management of the ultimate goal of the design - “Great Unity” of the social vision. In a nutshell, the basic spirit of the Confucian
13、 management thought of “benevolence and righteousness of faith, advocated the pursuit of perfection sympathetic Zhongshu. Realized that Heaven and Earth Health and benevolence of all things, the rise of play Shengshengbuyi Fen Ran creative vitality, not just about their own life completion of implem
14、entation, but together with all people, with all the 10000 along with some life to the magnanimity to be completed Grace magnificent achievement. “2 Taoism is an ancient Chinese philosopher of the school set up its management in a highly intellectual and artistic ideas. Taoism advocates inaction man
15、agement, and praises “doing nothing and everything,” three styles of management. I so-called “non-action” does not require their managers to passively stand by, or inaction, but should follow the example of Road in the genesis of all things as: looks like inaction, in essence, doing everything. This
16、 shows that the management of managers to behave in a natural way quietly launched, on the basis of “personal law, the law of the heavens, and the Law Road, Road Law of Nature.” 4 In addition to inaction management of the most general image of the “governing a large nation like steaming a fish.” 5 T
17、his sentence contains two meanings: First, “governance” means the manager must actively manage, rather than non-management; second is Requiring managers to minimize management activities, like cooking small fish, like flipping over, and fish would be rotten. Through the transformation of the Western
18、 Han Dynasty Taoism applied to the social management activities, the results achieved great success. Taoist inaction management is essentially the social nature of man reduced to a minimum, by restoring the natural properties of peoples way to achieve the desired management effectiveness. Legalism i
19、s a Hundred Schools of political color of the most dense schools of thought. The school stood a clear-cut stance on the feudal rulers, the rulers devoted to management techniques. “Law,” “potential,” “technique” is the Legalist theory of the three pillars of the management strategy. “Potential” mean
20、s the managers position and strength, which itself can change with rank. Therefore, the management of the subject and being subject to the power according to the size of the high and low status is determined without regard to moral factors. “Yin and bent on the unscrupulous persons, the right to lig
21、ht him; unscrupulous while serving in the Sage, is located in respect for people.” 6 “Touch” is the ruler control subordinates, commander of the public methods and strategies. “Law” is the ruler of the hands of the most incisive weapons is a “win the people” the pack. Legalism advocated the rule of
22、law in the country, in order to go to criminal punishment. In the Legalist view, management behavior is a kind of “profit through” behavior. Person “to stomach as the fundamental, non-food can not live, is bound to want to benefit the heart.” 7 Thus the universal human love is simply non-existent, p
23、eople are just a stake. Meanwhile, the Legalist emphasis monarchs profit was above all a monarch should not only command the people, but also defense minister. Then, taking the best way is to follow the “benefit” principle, between the monarch and his subjects in return for only one to Tseuk Luk mag
24、ic and the “Xiao Si” transactions. Second, the Chinese theoretical system of classical management thought China classical management theory, thinking there is such a feature of architecture: the pre-Qin period of complex and diverse, the school a clear-cut. After the Western Han Dynasty, “ousted 100
25、 nearly exclusive emphasis on Confucianism.” Chinese traditional management thinking is also a uniform from the era, and established in Confucianism and accept it as the backbone to send theoretical system. Below as a writer of modern management perspective, through the framework of the backbone of
26、Confucianism on Chinese traditional management ideas are summarized in the theoretical system of analysis and inquiry. 1. Concept of management objectives Goal of management is the American Enterprise E. Drucker put forward in 1954, it was generally accepted around the world an effective management
27、method. Chinese traditional management thinking in the target design unique. Taoism personal management goal is to “saint outside the King”, social management, the ideal state is “small country with few people”; Mohist social management goal is to “Trinity” era; Confucian target management the most
28、typical and modern values, are summarized other words, it sought through “Xiuji - Yasuhito” process, to achieve the ultimate goal of social management - “Great Harmony.” Among them, “Xiu Ji” and “Anren” embodies a personal management and social management of the dialectical relationship between unit
29、y. Personal management of progressive realization of the self-conscious leap to: “I have five and 10 on learning Sanshierli, 40 and the perplexed, 50 to know your destiny, while the ear 60, 70 and Congxinsuoyu, without transgressing.” 8 In this way, you can appreciate others to achieve social manage
30、ment objectives. The first step, “regulating the family”, on the family and family members in effective management. The second step, “the country”, country is home to expand and extend. State and family is just the number of geographical size and population that there are differences between the two
31、 there is no substantial difference between management principles. The third step is “flat world” in the world scope to make Datongs social vision into a reality of the social system. Where “Anren” is a red line through the repair Qi Zhiping. Xiu Qi Zhiping itself is a stable family, stable and othe
32、rs, stability and peoples management practices, but also a sought-after managers to achieve the goals and ideals. So, how can meet the “Xiuji - Yasuhito” ideal state? The Confucian answer is: Datong society. “Road trip also, Things for the People. To elect the wise and the able, talk about good fait
33、h, the enemy not only of its pro-pro, not just the child of his son, the old has finally, Zhuang has been available, there are young director Guangua lonely waste All seven men can have some illness. a man to find, the woman go. goods, the evil of their disposal in the ground also, without hidden in
34、 himself; force evil out of the body it does not have, do not have to have. lumbered with, instead of seeking closure Xing, theft, thieves without making arbitrary and therefore outside the household and not closed, is that common ground. “9 This is the Confucian society the ultimate goal of managem
35、ent of the design. It shows us that an elimination of private ownership, to live and work picture of an ideal society. However, this ideal society is a sigh collapse ceremony music was bad, neither the social reality in the road put forward, it does not lead people to look ahead, but rather follow t
36、he example of ancient sages, still stuck in the nostalgia of the past society. It should be noted that in a class society there, “Anren” and “common ground” and it is difficult to truly achieve the goals and ideals, and only to a socialist society and communist society, highly developed productive f
37、orces, eliminate the private ownership, eliminating all the oldOf social relations and the major social differences in order to have qualified to talk about “Anren” and “Great Harmony.” This unique in our country the target management for corporate and social management, it will create a personal go
38、als and corporate (group) goals and objectives of social management objectives coordinated chain, before the completion of a goal after a prerequisite for achievement of objectives and the basis for the achievement of the latter is clearly demonstrated by the former and sublimation. Way back, with t
39、he formation of a reasonable target flow network. 2. The management of the organization view Organization is one of the basic functions of management activities, which means “right staff and an effective combination of things work.” 10 Chinese traditional management thinking of the organizational is
40、sues of the discussions focused on “Xun Zi,” a book. Xunzis view that human nature is a gregarious one. So, how humans form a community group? Xun Zis answer is: “sub.” In Xunzis view, the human form social groups, there is no grading constraints, competition will occur. First, the “groups” is a soc
41、ial division of labor and occupational differences are bound to lead to, and also to resolve various contradictions in the best category. Because the product is used to support a person from all walks of life to offer. A person is in any case impossible to master all the skills, nor can not simultan
42、eously engage in all of the job, so people “without a sub-group competition, the poor are suffering also, war is also, bad also. In addition to rescue the suffering from disaster, then Morrow Ming points to group carry on. “11 Second, the” sub “as the organizational means healthy functioning of huma
43、n society basis. Xunzi said: “watched Yi, then the capacity of the world-and-rule; without distinction of meaning, then a wife and a concubine and chaos.” 12 In Xunzis view, the deities, rituals so as to points, is to take “nurturing person wishes to , gives the technique, so that the poor do not wa
44、nt peace must be objects, something must be unyielding on the desire of both the long locked in a stalemate. “13 into the hierarchical position of each sub-level as the fundamental principle of human social organization, there is no particular sub, is a massive human catastrophe, with the sub-human
45、social organization can be a benign operation of the. Finally, the “sub” is the ordering of society to control the sign. Xunzi believes that the delimitation of functions, people will not seek other jobs; level identified, the social order to avoid confusion. Thus, from the Minister Baiguan to life
46、after the civilian population there were not only their home; with real ability, the dare to seek official Chu Shi. Customs are increasingly simple, all their proper place. “When a man is why it is that the extreme political and religious.” 14 To sum up, the Chinese classical management thinking has
47、 been involved in the structure of modern organization theory, form and other issues. Under the conditions of the socialist market economy, Chinas enterprise management an urgent need to address the following organizational issues: (1) to establish a reasonable and resilient organizational structure
48、 to adapt to changing market demand; (2) a clear business managers and every one employee responsibilities, rights, and interests, to promote the achievement of organizational goals; (3) to cultivate and foster a high-quality contingent of entrepreneurs, and their development environment to provide
49、a moderate organization. 3. Management of Human Nature Understanding of human nature is to manage the formation of an important theoretical basis for thinking. Western Behavioral Sciences and the traditional Chinese theory of human nature of human nature, mostly from mans natural attributes proceed. Western Behavioral Science
