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1、International Competitiveness of Chinas tourism industryThe 20th century, 90 years later, the rapid development of Chinas tourism industry, tourism and society as a whole to promote the role and relevance of an increasingly prominent role, has become a new growth point of national economy as one. Ch
2、inas inbound tourisms economic aggregate has stepped into the ranks of world tourism power, also the worlds largest domestic tourism market size of rapid development, particularly in the 21st century, with the rise of holiday tourism, and more to show an increasingly broad prospects for development.
3、 In 2007, the three major markets of Chinas tourism industry to maintain stable growth of inbound tourists throughout the year received a total of 131.8733 million trips, to achieve international tourism foreign exchange earnings from 41.919 billion U.S. dollars, respectively, over the previous year
4、 growth of 5.5% and 23.5%; 1.61 billion the number of domestic tourism trips, income of 777.062 billion yuan, respectively, over last year 15.5% and 24.7%; the number of outbound visitors reached 40.954 million, up 18.6%; tourism income 1.0957 trillion yuan, an increase of 22.6%. However, with the W
5、orld Tourism developed countries, Chinas tourism industry competitive in the market is relatively weak, a number of signs the level of competitiveness and development of indicators is still very weak, which reflects the scale and effectiveness of Chinas tourism industry at the present stage of the a
6、symmetry, This is exactly the power we have with the World Tourism where the main gaps. First, the international competitiveness of Chinas tourism industry analysis Harvard Professor Porters competitive strategy expert in the Competitive Advantage of Nations a book suggested that whether a countrys
7、international competitiveness of industries within the country depends on a combination of six factors, and dynamic role in the process, that is, factors of production conditions, demand status, the status of related and supporting industries, enterprise business strategy and competitive basis, oppo
8、rtunities and government actions, these six factors constitute the so-called international competitiveness of industries diamond system, in which the first four factors in determining the international competitiveness of industries the determinants of the latter two factors also the international co
9、mpetitiveness of industry, have an important impact. 1. Factors of production status. That a State-owned factors of production, is divided into human resources, natural resources, knowledge resources, capital resources and infrastructure to five categories. From the production mechanism and the role
10、 of point of view, can be divided into junior and senior elements of the elements. The former refers to the birth of a country to own, inherit, or do not have too much passive can get the cost elements, such as natural resources, a simple labor, geographical location, climate and so on. Advanced pro
11、duction factors is through long-term human capital, physical capital investment and training in order to create out of the elements, such as modern communication infrastructure, higher education, human resources, research facilities and specialized technical knowledge. The role of the two strengths
12、are not the same, relying on the primary elements of the advantages of built up unsustainable, because the primary elements of easily replaced and as the development of technology to reduce their needs. Due to lack of access to the senior element, can not easily be replaced or loss of role can provi
13、de more long-lasting competitive advantage. To the tourism industry, natural resources and historical and cultural resources is an important factor in attracting consumers, while it was the primary factor, but it has not irreplaceable, because a countrys natural resources and historical and cultural
14、, and will not be advanced technology and equipment replaced and imitation, a number of developing countries in this field have a certain competitive advantage. In financial services, telecommunications, computer services, information services, consulting and other professional and technology-intens
15、ive service sectors, developed countries tend to have a competitive advantage, but as trade in services in these sectors the proportion of growing, developing countries as a whole also show a certain degree of competitive advantage. 2. Demand conditions. Refers to the domestic market for certain pro
16、ducts or services. The size and nature of the domestic market not only affect the scale of production, more importantly, has an impact on their companys products or services, the speed and scope of the update. In general, business-to-the closest are most responsive to customer needs. Thus, the chara
17、cteristics of domestic demand in shaping the characteristics of domestic products, resulting in technological innovation and improve the quality of the pressure plays an important role. Chinas tourism consumers of tourism awareness of consumer psychology and human rights activists are not mature eno
18、ugh. The situation has greatly limited the cultivation of creative quality tourism enterprises. In addition, Chinas domestic tourism is also relatively low degree of organization, the tourism market appears to chaos. Level of demand for domestic tourism and international tourism demand for the huge
19、gap between the level of, as a constraint to the international competitiveness of Chinas tourism industry a major obstacle to improved. 3. Related and auxiliary industries situation. Porter analysis of related and supporting industries for its industrial competitiveness associated with a significant
20、 impact, from the external economic, technological and knowledge-sharing, information environment, the demand demonstrates the complementary aspects of this important influence. The development of tourism related to the national economy 29 departments and 108 industries, can be said to be multisecto
21、ral, multi-industry joint development and common prosperity of the systems industry. As a comprehensive and strong correlation of economic sectors, tourism industry, by both the transport industry such as tourism, tourism and hotel industry, travel industry, tourism and catering industry, tourism, e
22、ntertainment, tourism products, tourism and shopping goods, such as multi-party marketing industries direct or indirect effects, that is, a strong tourism industrys international competitiveness is based on supporting industry and related industries Ju win basis, which the states overall economic st
23、rength of the backing. At present, Chinas tourist traffic remains a constraint for the development of Chinas tourism industry a major bottleneck. 4. Business organization, strategies, and competitive posture. Facing enterprises in different countries in different environments, in business goals, str
24、ategies, organization is also different from the national competitive advantage of their choice and match. At the same time, domestic enterprises to create and maintain the competitive advantage of the most powerful incentive. Is reflected in its role: to reduce the infiltration of foreign competito
25、rs; industry, imitative and personnel exchange effects; to promote competition, upgrade; the strengthening of competition intensity. A lack of proper strategic guidance is a common problem of Chinas tourism enterprises, tourism while walking in the forefront of reform and opening up, many areas have
26、 taken the lead with international standards, but only a limited part of the hotel management and service level, the majority of enterprise management and business is still the traditional way, with a big gap between the modern enterprise system, this weakness will become increasingly apparent. Many
27、 tourism enterprises are always vested interests as the action in front of goal, simply lay out some short-term work plan, no long-term development vision. Even if a small number of tourism enterprises developed a development strategy or development plans, its strategy has remained mostly in the ide
28、as being unable to form a framework for sound, stage-targeted strategy, strategic system led to vague and lack of industry standards. In addition, Chinas tourist enterprises often do not take the initiative in the competition to act according to market signals, non-compliance with competition rules,
29、 likely to fall into price competition in the cycle, this disorderly competition in the chaos of Chinas tourism industry has become a constraint to enhance the international competitiveness of the bottleneck. 5. Opportunities. Refers to those beyond the scope of corporate control unexpected events,
30、such as some kind of technological breakthrough, the oil crisis, global or regional changes in demand, significant changes in foreign exchange rates. Accident is important because the cause of non-continuous, so that the competitive position has changed, so that the competitive advantage of failure,
31、 but it can adapt to the new situation for the countrys enterprises provides an opportunity to gain a competitive advantage. 6. Government action. That the Government through the development of the relevant institutions and policies to affect the industry, international competitive advantage, and th
32、us the above-mentioned factors affect behavior, such as subsidies, education, investment, regulation of capital markets, development of production standards, competitive conditions and other means. Since the reform and opening up, Chinas tourism industry by the party and the governments enthusiasm f
33、or the care and support for Chinas tourism industry pointed out the direction and provided a policy of assurance that Chinas tourism industry has achieved rapid development. However, the uneven distribution of tourism resources and economic development is uneven, making a very serious local protecti
34、onism, the domestic market was artificially split, which has seriously hampered a unified, fair, competitive and orderly formation of the domestic market, but also makes the competition mechanism can not play its due role. Realistically speaking, Chinas current management in various departments, and
35、 one, administered by too many doors, the tourism sector is difficult to perform trade management functions, plus a number of scenic spots, tourist spots in the subordinate relationship with the location of a conflict of interest, resulting in a number of places in the system, the issue of buck-pass
36、ing has seriously affected Chinas tourism industry. Second, to enhance competitive advantage in Chinas tourism industry proposal 1. Focus on environmental and ecological protection, take the road of sustainable development, increasing the sophistication of tourism products, focusing on leisure-based
37、 tourism products, life-oriented and participatory, to speed up tourism personnel training, emphasis on cultural tourism product system; 2. Optimization of government and enterprises of public welfare spending and the rural market development staff to further stimulate domestic demand; 3. Focus on t
38、he tourism industry chain development, especially transportation and other infrastructure facilities construction; 4. To seize the opportunity for industrial development, the implementation of tourism enterprise system innovation, and cultivate a core competitiveness of tourism enterprise groups, fo
39、cusing on service quality, and create high-quality brand, speed up the group of tourism enterprises, intensive management; 5. With the Olympics wind, expanding marketing efforts. Chinas Olympic tourism promotion after determining the overall objective of the implementation of an overall marketing st
40、rategy, actively strive for large wholesalers to enter the market, taking full advantage of media resources to increase media advocacy efforts and marketing activities gradually shifted to the network; 6. Transformation of government functions in the tourism service industry. Improve the tourism inv
41、estment-oriented mechanism, the preparation of a high level of tourism development planning, the National Tourism Administration must assume the concept of national tourism promotion and tourism image-building work. Strengthen the government departments to study the international practice, providing high-quality standard travel services, protection of tourism, healthy, orderly, and stable manner.
