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1、时代背景下英语教师的角色On Roles of English Teacher in Historical ContextContentsAbstract.1Key words.1.Introduction . 1.Traditional Roles of Teachers in ELT . 3. Modern Roles of the Teachers in ELT. 53.1 Controllers . 63.2 Motivators . 63.3 Organizers . 73.4 Assessors and Evaluators. 83.5 Facilitators and Promp
2、ters . 93.6 Participants and Language Resource . 10. Teachers Roles in the Web-based English Teaching . 10. The Reasons of the Shift of Teachers Roles . 11 . How to Change the Teachers Role in English Classroom126.1 Important Situation.136.2 How to Set the Language Context 136.2.1 Use all Kinds of T
3、eaching Aids.136.2.2 Design all Kinds of Activities.13. Teachers Capability . 147.1 Teachers Try Their Best to Strengthen Capability .147.2 Teachers Should Master Modern Educational Technology and have Ability to Apply it 157.3 Teachers must Improve and Strengthen Their Creative Ability. 15. Conclus
4、ion 15References16 On Roles of English Teachers in Historical Context摘要： 本文着重从历史的角度分析了在不同情境下教师角色的转换。讨论了在传统英语教学和现代英语教学及未来网络教学的背景下，教师应如何管理课堂。研究了教师必须在各种活动中扮演不同的角色以达到教学的目标，即提高学生运用英语进行交际的能力。提出了在新的历史角色的要求下，与传统的教学相比，现代的教学更具实践性。及教师必须改变观念，转变角色以适应不断变化的形势。作者认为，计算机网络技术在一定程度上改变了计算机辅助英语教学，教师应当重视网络教学过程的每个环节，帮助自己有效
5、地教学，使学生有效的学习。关键词：教师的角色，交流， 学习者为中心的教学，角色的转变，教师的能力，技术Abstract: This article has emphatically analyzed the shift of teachers role from the historical angle under different situations, and has discussed how the teacher should manage the class in the traditional English teaching , the modern English teac
6、hing and under the future network teaching background, and it also studys how teachers should act the different roles in each kind of class activity to achieve the goal, which is to develop students ability to communicate in English. It raises, with the demanding of new historical roles, modern ELT(
7、English Language Teaching) is more practical, comparing with the traditional ELT. And teachers have to change their ideas and shift their roles to adapt the changing situation. The author thinks, the web technology in particular has reshaped the uses of computers for English teaching and learning, t
8、eachers should emphasize each part of the teaching procedure to help their teaching and make their students learn English effectively.Key words: teachers roles, learner-centered teaching, communication, shift of teachers role, teachers capability, technology.IntroductionWith the approach of informat
9、ion age, people are experiencing dramatic and Historical changes in many aspects and senses ranging from the way of living to the way of studying and the way of thinking. Information technology not only makes many things easier, but also turns something seemingly impossible a reality. Such influence
10、 has also occurred to education as well. It will make students study more easily and teachers teach more effectively. For decades Chinese teachers have been quite used to the traditional way of teaching English, in which the teacher is regarded as the authority who dominates the whole class. He or s
11、he explains the text in a traditional grammar translation format, trying to put everything into students minds while paying little attention to their feelings and reactions. However, the internet is more than a text-based online lecture hallits become the communication medium for interacting with th
12、e students: conducting class discussions, posting assignment, sharing ideas, supporting each other, and collaborating as a group to achieve the learning goals.While the traditional teachers workplace was defined by the chalkboard, chairs, and classrooms, the online instructor has a new set of tools,
13、 listeners, blackboards, chat rooms, web pages, multimedia and occasionally streaming audio and video. The new tools reach across continents making learning accessible to new audiences, however, the new technology is more difficult to master, doesnt always work well, and crashes more often. The tool
14、s of the trade have changed, but the fundamental role of the teacher remains the same. The teachers role is still facilitating the students learning process, to create a context for transforming data into knowledge and to create community, motivation and support. The online medium offers a new set o
15、f tools and new ways of communication. It is highly unlikely that you can simply transfer what you are doing in the classroom onto the web. Therefore, teachers are required to change their roles; everyone knows that a teacher is one who teaches. But what is a teacher expected to teach? It may be tak
16、en for granted that an English teacher teaches English. A teacher, as an educator, is required to do more than merely passing on his knowledge; he must make himself a good example in every aspect for the students to follow.Education is a sacred cause vital to the survival, development and civilizati
17、on of mankind, for its mission is to make men. And making of men involves not only intellectual development, but also moral and physical development. Being one devoted to this sacred cause, a teacher should be a person with a real sense of commitment and responsibility. He should contribute his tale
18、nts, ability and efforts to the job of a teacher, he should always prepare the lecture and plan the classroom activity carefully, try to understand the students knowledge level, difficulties, and unceasingly improve his teaching to best suit and benefit the students, so as to achieve optimum teachin
19、g result. Since a teacher is required to teach a subject, he must know how to do it well. As a matter of fact, ever since mankind came into being, teaching has been carried on from generation to generation. However, teaching efficiently and effectively is an issue that has long been studied, and sti
20、ll remains an issue worthier of studying. A teacher should not be one who just reads out the textbook to the students, while the students at the same time, listen to him, repeat what they have learnt, do some exercise from time to time, and try hard to understand and remember what they are taught. I
21、n other words, a teacher should not be one who merely passed his own knowledge to his students. In that way, the students shall never learn more than their teacher, possibly resulting in the tragedy that mankind shall inevitably become weaker and weaker in intelligence and ability from generation to
22、 generation. A teacher, therefore, should be one who enlightens the students to learn more than he does. Not only should a qualified teacher in the future have modern educational idea, possess steady professional knowledge and extensive knowledge range, but also know certain educational science know
23、ledge and master educational technology, as well as know how to perform modern educational technology, as well as know how to perform modern educational technology to carry out creative instructional activity.So far in China, we have done a lot in studying how to improve English teaching, but the re
24、word for the effort seems to be very little. The shortage of English teachers has become a barrier in the course of the development of opening up to the outside world. Now our country has stepped through the gate of WTO. It seems more urgent to train a large number of qualified teachers in the devel
25、opment strategy of china. However, what role should a teacher play in the teaching process?. Traditional Roles of Teachers in ELTFor decades Chinese English teachers teach English in traditional teaching method. The traditional teaching methods, which are characteristic of teacher-centered, examinat
26、ion-oriented, grammar and vocabulary based, still knowledge is transmitted through the teacher who acts as an authority, a knowledge-giver and moral example. Emphasis is placed on teaching rather than students who are passive knowledge receivers. They have few opportunities to apply what they have l
27、earned to practical communication. Taking a reading class as an example, the teacher explains every point of vocabulary, structure, style and content of the text, word-by-word, phrase-by-phrase, and students are kept busy with their pens taking notes. Most teachers are fed up with the grammar transl
28、ation method; teachers as the authority who dominates the whole class. According to Liu Xiaohong, “traditionally, the evaluation of a teacher has depended on the amount of knowledge he or she crammed into the students heads: the more, the better.” (Liu Xiaohong, 2002) Its apparent that the teacher p
29、lays an important role in the classroom. The teacher is unquestionable authority that dominates the class from the beginning to the end. Quite a lot of teachers appear to be ignorant about what functions should perform in class. They usually tend to be in superiority over their students. (Lili Chen,
30、 2004) Therefore, a successful teacher is considered as one who lets loose a flood of eloquence while standing on the platform of the classroom. He or she is not concerned with students feelings and reactions. In this case, there is no doubt that the students are “ignorant audience” or “passive audi
31、ence” who write down the mechanically the precious words that teachers has taught. This will be seriously effect of classroom teaching. The time of classroom is spent in explaining and analyzing grammar, sentences, phrases, words and their usages and there is almost no time in practicing and communi
32、cating. Liu Xiaohong pointed out, “Its obvious that the teaching is focused on linguistic competence rather than communicative competence.” There is a lack of communication between the teacher and students, and the teacher cant obtain much feedback from his or her “audience”. The teachers role is de
33、cided by the aims that the teacher tries to obtain. The experienced teacher always thinks of what is the best method to achieve the goals of the lesson. He or she can create his own method that leads to the achievement of the aims properly. The ideal teacher will not follow someones method. Because
34、once the traditional way followed, students have no opportunity to take activity part in the classroom activity to communicate. It will make students be passive receptor and frustrate their potential and creativity.As we know, for the Chinese students there is no other way than in the classroom to l
35、earn English through interaction with the teacher. Therefore classroom teaching of English is of great importance for both the teacher and students. However, in the teacher-centered class, students learn the language from their teacher, but they cant use it. Nowadays, many linguists and English teac
36、hers in china are turning to the communicative approach. The learner-centered approach is paid much attention to it aims at improving learners communicative competence. Group work, one of the most important class activities for developing students communicative ability, is gradually being adopted fo
37、r use in English as a foreign language. . Modern Roles of the Teachers in ELTModern ELT, many teachers have to attend special speaking, listening, reading and writing courses to improve students ability to use the language. In the process teachers are expected not only to have much knowledge but als
38、o train the students ability to communicate. Thus, for learners, they are no longer passive containers of introduced by teachers. They are given greater freedom in managing their own learning. However, all these cant be achieved without teachers proper motivation and guidance. Therefore, in this lea
39、rner-centered class the teacher has to shift his or her role from a dominant teacher to an organizer or a director, because the goal of language teaching is to enable students to use the taught language to communicate efficiently in real life. It breaks down the traditional teaching patterns. (Liu X
40、iaohong, 2002) for teachers, their roles have changed a lot. It changes from earlier absolute controller and commanders of classroom activities to present-day organizer, guides, assessors, motivators, promoters and participants and so on. Therefore, “in classroom teaching and learning situation, the
41、 students are expected to be involved in all kinds of classroom activities to ensure a sufficient chance of learning and using the target language.”, “in various types of classroom activities of language teaching, the teachers behavior and functions will be quite different.” (Lili Chen, 2004). Then,
42、 the role of the teacher in learner-centered ELT class will depend to a large extent on the function. He is expected to perform in different activities of classroom teaching.Although many people consider the role of the teacher as an important component of efficient classroom management, some resear
43、chers regard it as part of the design of a methodology or approach. Someone pointed out: teacher roles are related ultimately to assumptions about language and language learning at the level of approach. That is, different approaches stipulate different roles for the teacher. Then, what kinds of rol
44、es do teachers play in today English language teaching? Although different approaches stipulate different roles, there are some common roles that teachers play in most of the major approaches. The things that a teacher does before, during and after the class and the degree to which he does these thi
45、ngs reflect his assumptions about roles teachers should play in language teaching. Before the class, the teacher is a planner, who plans what to teach, how to teach, and what result to achieve. After the class the teacher is an evaluator, who evaluates not only how successful he has conducted the cl
46、ass but also how efficient the learning activities have been. Based on the functions that the teacher performs in different activities, the following is the major roles English teachers can play in the process of language.3.1 Controllers The teacher controls the pace of the teaching so that activiti
47、es run smoothly and efficiently, for instance, when students do skimming and scanning tasks. It is very important for the teacher to control the time. When doing lockstep activities the teacher controls the whole class so that everyone has an equal chance. When students do production activities, the
48、 teachers control can make sure the students use certain target language items and their production has a degree of accuracy. When we talk about the advantages of teacher control, we mean appropriate degree of control. Over-control will do no less harm to students than no control at all. Besides, different activities need a differ
