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1、The Differences of Higher Education between China and U.SAbstract:The paper elaborates the difference of higher education between China and America. it has carried on the contrast analysis on the social environment and cultural tradition between China and America, and emphatically analyzed differenc
2、es of the education system and graduates ability between both countries.Key words:higher education; difference; US; China1、introductionDue to the development of science and technology, connections between higher education and national politics, economy, science,culture, military relation is day by d
3、ay closer. The higher education is vigorous and upward, and it not only simply performances for the growth of quantity, but especially has had the huge change in the nature1. The advanced level of higher education has become a thesymbol of national strength. With more intense international politics,
4、 economic struggle and military competition day by day, its key often lays on the competition of science and technology which changes everyday.In the view of the long term and personal factor, it also has no alternative but to sum up to fosters talents education.This intrinsic mutual relation especi
5、ally performances in the aspect of higher education.Therefore,various countries governments all devote themselves to higher education reform. This article has mainly carried on the elaboration on the difference between Chinese and American higher education.2、comparison of the social environment and
6、cultural tradition between China and America2.1 contrast of social environment between China and AmericaUS is open social. The societys openness urges the American college to abandon the old education thought which the European traditional university sticks to, adopt open policy to absorb all advata
7、nges from other countries and establishes diverse and open education control system which emphasizes the actual effect. US is the biggest imigrant country which has very strong containing nature in the culture. American economy ephiseizes on the practical value, matter reward as well as individual v
8、alue realization with fast development, rich material life, strong material idea and etc. The American advocates the independent way of life and work. The American owns full creative humanities spirit, the innovation is the forever subject in their brains. They pursue the high-tech and prefer to com
9、petes.Contrast with young US, China is the great nation with glorious history and cultural traditions. The Chinese people has the excellent moral of modesty, rigorous and implicit, but also has been over cautious and conservative. Though Chinese economy and technology is quite backward, it has very
10、strong potential development, therefore, China implements the policy of opening up, abundantly absorbs the benefit and enriches itself2.2.2 contrast of tradition education idea between Chinese and AmericanUss higher education was considered as the best education in the world. Comparing the elementar
11、y education between American and China, peoples universal view will be: Chinas elementary education aims to build the foundation of education with more study and less thought; while USs education aims to bulid such an education to raise the creativity with less study and more thought. Now the Chines
12、e students are generally regarded as intalents with few intelligence and high scores. Why causes for such a view? Because the Chinese students study more, actually pay little attention to the practice, and cannot study for the purpose of application. Therefore, cultivating the idea of unifying the s
13、tudy and prctice is very important for Chinese higher education.The China and Americas education has extremely different traditional. Chinas education pays more attenion to the instilling and accumulation of knowledge, cultivating the students respect to the knowledge and authority and building the
14、ability to inheri the knowledge system.Compared with Chinese higher education, US pays great attention to train the students practice ability to utilize the knowledge, cultivating the students question to the knowledge and authority and building the ability to extend the knowledge system. That fact
15、that 1/3 numbers among all Nobel prize winners in the world is the American is very good illustration. These two kinds of educations expressed two different manners of treatment with knowledge. The accepts Chinas education expresses is state acceptance to knowledge, while the accepts USs education e
16、xpresses is dynamic changes to knowledge. Such a difference of static and dunamic state had reflected the different knowledge views. Thoughtfully, superiority union from the two kind of educations patterns will be next education reform direction.USs education pays attention to raise students self-co
17、nfidence,independent,spirit of supporting oneself, but Chinas education emphases on training the student to be strict,strict,rigorous spiritual.Obviously, Chinese education may fruitfully develop and ultilize the function of cerebrum, but USs higher education could expand the function of cerebrum by
18、 ultilizing and synthesizing the information outside.In the view of developing the ability of creation, Chinas students prefer to be self- fetter, self-control, as well as accustomed to conservative idea because of worry about the mistake .Indeed, the good foundation may be the innovation advantage,
19、 but simultaneously also may become the barrier to fetter the creative thought; The rigorous quality may bring the complete ponder, also may become the enemy of unevenness thought. Now, one new trend appears in the American education field. They carry out the reform in the orientation of emphasizing
20、 foundation. This action aims at altering the codition of insufficient foundation from the US education. Opposite with US higher education, the present situation in the higher education of our country is full foundation with insufficient innovatation, therefore, our higher education must be innovate
21、d to make up for the lack.3、contrast of higher education system between Chinese and American33.1 different establishment of curricula and specialtyEach national higher education is its economic system reflection and must serve for the economy; US education aims to adapt for society demand, they expl
22、icitly stipulate three big functions including educations service for the economic development, and the scientific research and teaching. The manifest of service in the establishment of specialty curriculum is to meet the social need, set up special curriculum and specialty which the society needs;
23、In Chinas universities, during quite long period of time, the establishment of specialty curriculum lacks the change and couldnot follow social demand. In the last few years, the majority of Chinese universities all started to pay great attention to the transformation and renewal of establishment of
24、 specialty curriculum so as to satisfie the need of society.3.2 different choice of specialty curriculaIn order to adapt the society, the American universities has established many specialties and curriculum of choice for students; The students choose or transformating specialties and schools accord
25、ing to own interest and hobby. The American higher education system is extremely diverse and flexible, which is solo in the world higher education; In China, the student may choose the specialty according to own interest and hobby, but change of specialty in the school is not easy, transformation of
26、 schoolthen is more difficult. In American universities, the compulsory topics are few, and elective topics are rich. While in Chinese universities, the compulsory subjects occupy the major part, and many schools（especially for technical colleges and universities）have the serious phenomenon on more
27、ephasizing the Science subjects, little on the liberal arts.3.3 different styles of inspecting students resultWhen American school inspects the result of student, they emphasize more on the ability to analyze and solve the question but not the ability of memory or description. The American students
28、donot need the mechanical memorizing, but displays creative thought as far as possible; This can cultivate students study interest, raise the ability of doing it byself and make the study be one kind of creative active.Many teachers still adopted old teaching ways in the Chinese universities, thus t
29、akes a test which needs mechanical memorizing. Such a inspection method has seriously attack the students enthusiasm of studies, caused the student one-sidedly to pay great attention to the theory and neglect the practice ability.3.4 different styles of students managementIn the United States, after
30、 making a registration and pay tuition, the student would be the registrator. Unlike American students, Chinese students also needs arrangements of classes and hostels.In many universities, such as the University of Michigan, students at the school could conveniently take the IC card with a photo, w
31、hich role is tantamount to our domestic student card and library card. The cards can be used to enter various book and computer rooms and other facilities such as gymnasiums and other coliseum throughout the academy. In addition of simple teaching activities, the relationship between students and th
32、e school means nothing. Experienced consultants equipped by the school would help students to determine their main direction (major, a bit like our domestic professional) and guide students to choose specific classes. After selecting courses, in accordance with the school timetable, the spefic time,
33、 place,classroom and course is entirely controlled by individual which means that everyone has the right of their own curriculum.As for the accommodation of students, some schools have a limited number of student dormitories, school district also has a restaurant and fast-food shops, But most of the
34、m are always operated by outside operators which management are independent of schools. Most of students prefer to share a house and live outside. So their dinner and lodging almost have no relationship with the school.Compared with the teaching system of American universities, Chinas higher educati
35、on has its unique advantages, such as neat basic, standards agreement, stronger collective concept and etc. However, schools are too rigid to students, students can only passively accept the learned and professional courses and they have a very little room for choice. Much management imposes schools
36、 a heavy burden and also occupied a lot of human resources; Too meticulous control objectively ignored the students personal characteristics and inhibit their learning initiative which gradually formed the bad passive habits of passive learning. Also the emphasis on the rote of scores examination, t
37、o a certain extent, caused some students tired of learning and cheating in examinations which deteriorated higher schools learning atmosphere and education environment.3.5 different methods of teaching lessonsIn the United States inspiring students is great important for teaching. In classroom teach
38、ers will specially put forward some inspiring questions for students. In such a teaching mode, the students in the classroom has a higher degree of freedom, and they can be ready to make their own doubt for teachers which made the teaching atmosphere lively and vivid. This method of teaching helps t
39、o develop students abilities of independent thinking and solving problem, However, this approach has a high demand to teachers which easily lead to a decrease in teaching qunality and depth.Chinas higher education pay more attention to the systematic study. When teaching the curriculum teachers shou
40、ld follow in accordance with certain teaching programs. Although students have certain interactive questions, but this question tend to be concentrated after the class, rather than in the classroom. It is the main mode that class are taught by teachers and students just listen to the records. This a
41、pproach is conducive to help the students learn systemic knowledge, and classroom content is quite rich, but they have less sense of innovation.3.6 differences between public and private schoolsAmericans public institutions of higher learning have more than 1500 and private institutions have more th
42、an 1600. Both the public and private schools have a good reputation and high quality of the university. Very few Americans judge the quality not from the perspective of public and private schools, but from his teacher,courses and history. But many Chinese believe that private schools can not be unma
43、tched with the public schools, and they are belittling or making a exclusion of private schools in heart. In the treatment of public and private schools, Chinese people indeed should learn from the Americans, abandon the prejudice and make a correct and fair assessment for private schools.4differenc
44、e of quality and ability of graduates between China and US4.1 similarity of fostering goalSino-U.S. higher education has a great similarity with the objective of fostering. That is to foster complex talents with strong international competitiveness, high moral accomplishment, a strong sense of coope
45、ration adn higher learning ability. And both the United States and China will implement the sustainable development of education as to upgrade the quality of education to a more ideal conditions.4.2 difference of actual talents fosteredIn actual talent fostered, the ability of adapting to society fr
46、om American students was stronger than the Chinese Students. The opportunities to participate in social activities is much, Almost all the students have the experience of working outside. At the same time, civic education, campus cultural activities and community service activities in America increa
47、se the students ability to grasp and adapt to the community. While the Chinese Students stay under the closed campus for a long period , have little direct ties to society and poorly understood the community, which therefore results in just adapting to working atmosphere after two to three years.5di
48、fference of reform measures5.1 American reform measuresCurrently, American progress in the field of technology and knowledge occupys about the 80% of productivity increasement.The date is higher than one of the developed countries in Europe. Institutions of higher education should make indelible con
49、tribution to such a data. To meet the challenges of the 21st century, since the mid-1990s, the United States accelerates the reform of higher education systems which aimed at improving the quality of teaching and management efficiency and make greater contribution to for the development of community and economy.Unprecedented expansion of social function of American University has become the power source for social development and progress. Therefore, the United States government po
