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1、The Failure of the American DreamAnalysis of The Great GatsbyAbstractJay Gatsby is the victim of American dream and his life is full of tragedy, ranging from his dream and his pursuit of the dream to the wreckage of his dream. His experience is just the reflection of American life in the first half
2、of the twentieth century. The wrong ideas and cruel reality destroy him, and make his dream shatter even his life.Key words: the American dream; Gatsbys dream; failure of the drea摘 要主人公杰伊盖茨比是美国梦的牺牲品, 他的一生充满了悲剧性的色彩, 首先是他的梦想, 其次是梦想的追逐, 最终是梦想的破灭。这种经历正是美国二十世纪前半期的写照, 他的这种梦想也是美国当时心态的反映。错误的观念和残酷的现实使他一败涂地,
3、最后他失去了所有的梦想甚至自己的生命, 这不能不说是当时的社会观念美国梦造成的悲剧。关键词：美国梦；盖茨比的梦；梦的破灭ContentsACKNOWLEDGEMENTSIIIABSTRACTIV摘 要IV1. INTRODUCTION11.1A brief introduction to the author11.2A brief introduction to the background of The Great Gatsby11.3 A brief introduction to the structure of the paper22. LITERATURE REVIEW32.1 Th
4、e previous studies of The Great Gatsby at abroad32.2 The previous studies of The Great Gatsby at home32.3Comments on the literature review and the research question43. DISCUSSIONS AND ANALYSIS53.1 Analysis of Gatsbys tragedy53.2 The American Dream and Gatsbys dream53.2.1 An analysis of Gatsbys first
5、 dream63.2.2 An analysis of Gatsbys second dream73.3 The failure of Gatsbys dream74. CONCLUSION9REFERENCES101. Introduction1.1A brief introduction to the authorF. Scott. Fitzgerald (1896-1940), is one of the most American outstanding writers in the 20th century. He is best known for his novels and s
6、hort stories, which vividly describes how to lose oneself to achieve the ultimate ideal of disillusion in the process of chasing dream for the post-war American younger generation. Moreover, the works of Fitzgerald give us an accurate picture of the American twenties: the prosperity of economy and t
7、he moral absenceBecause of his novels, Fitzgerald is mainly remembered as the spokesman and laureate of the Jazz Age and of fevered youth. But it was only after his death that people accept him as a serious and ambitious novelist. “Fitzgeralds life follows a clear pattern: a dream, an achievement an
8、d a failure. His life exhibits the failure of the American Dream.”(Gao Hui, 2008). Fitzgerald was born in St. Paul Minnesota on September 24, 1896. The son of a failed wicker furniture salesman (Edward Fitzgerald) and an Irish immigrant with a large heritage, Fitzgerald grew up in a solidly Catholic
9、 and up- middle class environment.Seeking tranquility for his work the Fitzgerald went to France in the spring of 1924. In the year of 1925, he accomplished his masterpiece The Great Gatsby. It was a striking advance in both subject matter and the narrative techniques over his two earlier novels. Be
10、tween 1934 and 1937 Fitzgerald was on the rim of despair and collapse. He died suddenly of a heart attract at the age of forty- four.1.2A brief introduction to the background of The Great GatsbyWhen human history develops into twentieth century, the American Dream has become the main aim of American
11、s. At the end of the First World War a most important literary development occursthe modernistic trend. In this time a new group of writers called “the lost generation” putschist against former ideas and value, but replace them only by hopelessness or a cynical hedonism. Historically the American Dr
12、eam failed in the ideal of equality, liberty and opportunity. It is not until the 1920s that the American Dream failed, it begins to fail when it becomes cannot be resolved part of the materialism in American society. Literature of 1920s is characterized by disillusionment with ideals and further of
13、 civilization the capitalist society advocate. The lost generation in the 1920s shows a sense of loss after the war.Among American writers during the 1920s, F.Scott.Fitzgerald is crowned with the most credible achievement in the United States. His masterpiece, The Great Gatsby, conjures up the image
14、 of the roaring twenties, the age of flapper, and the Jazz Age. In The Great Gatsby F.Scott.Fitzgerald finds a metaphor for an entire era when he portrays Gatsbys world as an endless extravagant party, in which flappers seek frenetic pleasure.Fitzgeralds novel The Great Gatsby is a parody of the Ame
15、rican Dream, because in the experience of Jay Gatsby we have the corruption of the Dream itselfthat is, the traditional devotions wasted on spiritual gumdrops and material trivialities.1.3 A brief introduction to the structure of the paperThis paper is composed of four chapters as follows. The first
16、 chapter begins with a brief introduction to the author F.Scott.Fitzgeralds great achievement, the background of The Great Gatsby and structure of the paper.The second chapter focuses on the literature review, and includes three parts. The first part describes the previous studies of The Great Gatsb
17、y at abroad. The second part describes the previous studies of The Great Gatsby at home. The third part comments on the literature review, and put forward research question. The third chapter mainly focuses on the analysis and discussion, and there are three parts in this chapter. The first part mai
18、nly discusses the Gatsbys tragedy; the second part mainly analyzes the American Dream and Gatsbys dream; the last part mainly discusses the failure of Gatsbys dream.The next is the fourth chapter which summarizes the whole paper and restates the theme that the story of The Great Gatsby is a good ill
19、usion to symbolize the failure of the American Dream, and discusses the limitations of this paper.2. Literature Review2.1 The previous studies of The Great Gatsby at abroadThe standard text of The Great Gatsby is the first printing by Scribners (New York, 1925). The study on The Great Gatsby in the
20、west has experienced a long and torturous process over the past years. There are so many researchers who have drawn various conclusions from different aspects. Some studied the American dream in The Great Gatsby. Bewley.Marius(1985) argues that the failure of Gatsby who pursued crazily the American
21、dream, and explores the changes that has taken p lace in the American society, illustrating that there are obstacles which can not be surmounted on the way to Gatsbys pursuit of success. Some studied The Great Gatsby from the matter of style of freshness. “The Great Gatsby seems to be, in form and c
22、ontent, so different from what has otherwise engaged the passions and commitment of one writer and the other.” (George Garrett, 2007: 152). Some studied this novel from the social reality. Cowley. (2007) discusses the dialectical relationship among love, death and social reality a swell as how socia
23、l reality influences the viewpoints of people on love; at the same time, the choice that roles make when they face love and death, also criticizes and exposes the social reality. All of these are the previous studies of The Great Gatsby at abroad. 2.2 The previous studies of The Great Gatsby at home
24、Nowadays, more and more scholars show great interest in analyzing F.Scott.Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby from different aspects. This kind of essay pours out in large quantities. Wang Weiping (2004) puts forwards that the Gatsby is a sort of mythic hero and romantic dreamer of the past; he devoted his
25、 life to the realization of his dream but met with complete failure in the end. Mou Xuelin (2010) analyzes the skillful employment of symbolism in the term of “the green light” in the novel, discusses the deep connotation that is imparted by the novelist and explains the decisive role of the symboli
26、sm of this term in the novel in shaping the figures, developing the plot of the story, and deepening the themes of the work. Zhang Weiyi (2010) argues the style, lexical feature and grammatical feature of the Great Gatsbys language. From the three aspects of the language, we can obviously know the r
27、eason why it is the most famous work of America.2.3Comments on the literature review and the research questionLooking back on the researches about F.Scott.Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby internationally, we can find their researches mainly focus on three aspects: the American dream in The Great Gatsby;
28、 the analysis of The Great Gatsby under the symbolize view; and the analysis of the language of The Great Gatsby. Although scholars have studied The Great Gatsby with the perspective of the American dream, I will analyze the Gatsbys tragedy and the failure of his dream further. 3. Discussions and An
29、alysis3.1 Analysis of Gatsbys tragedyIn order to trace the Gatsbys tragedy, let us review the story. It relates to poverty-stricken man forcing his way into high society and failing. The events of the story took place in the summer of 1922. A poor young army man Gatsby falls in love with a rich girl
30、 named Daisy, but not long after Gatsby leaves for his army service, Daisy gets married with a rich man. Gatsby feels heartbroken after knowing of Daisys marriage. Afterwards, Gatsby makes up his mind to earn enough money and win back his former lover Daisys heart. He works very hard and tries all k
31、ind of means including illegal ones to earn money. He becomes rich, buys a gorgeous mansion and holds many free parties to attract Daisys attention. Gatsby gets reunited with Daisy and asks Daisy to leave her husband to be with him. However, in the end Daisy return to her husband after killing a wom
32、an by accident. “Daisy leaves the trouble for Gatsby who takes it willingly and innocently” (Quan Yanxia, 2011).With shots of a revolver, Jay Gatsby died insensibly in his magnificent swimming pool. This is the ending which F.Scott.Fitzgerald sets for the hero Gatsby, in his novel The Great Gatsby.3
33、.2 The American Dream and Gatsbys dreamThe disillusionment of “the American Dream” is the often written theme in the American literature, but what is indeed, “the American Dream”? Different people have different understanding. “In its broad sense, it refers to the ideal of a nation such as democracy
34、, equality and freedom; while in its narrow sense, it refers to the pursuit of individuals to obtain success of life on their own initiative.”(Wang Weiping, 2004) The American Dream is based on the ideology that each one can be successful through his own efforts and cultivating his qualities. It is
35、the ideal of opportunity for all, of advancement in a career or society without regarding to ones origin.From the story of The Great Gatsby we find that Daisy has been Gatsbys lover years before, and Daisy symbolizes a beautiful thing like the “green light” on Daisys dock(Fitz, 94). Daisy is not onl
36、y a character in the novel, but also a symbol which the author provides for Gatsby to understand what an “ideal”is. Anyway, for Gatsby, Daisy doesnt exist in herself, she is the“green light”that leads him into the heart of his ultimate“ideal”. Gatsby has been pursing fame and wealth all his life wit
37、h an“ideal”which he thinks can be realized, and which itself is a tragedy. From Mr. Gatzs narration of his son, we find out obviously Gatsby has held the“ideal”through his life. His “ideal” includes two parts which have similarities but differences or we can say he has two dreams at the same time, b
38、ut both of them fade away.3.2.1 An analysis of Gatsbys first dream One part of Gatsbys dream is to get rich. He thinks money can buy love and happiness, so it seems to him that his dream is quite reasonable, but he never realizes this is a “common dream”. The essence of this dream is that every one
39、no matter how poor he is or how little he owns when he is born can become successful through his hard work and persistent efforts. This dream has been rooted into the American peoples heart for a long time and become the social ideal for many American people.Gatsby is one of the believers of such a
40、“dream”He aspires to get rich and stand out among rich people. In his youth, Gatsby sticks to this mode of self-improvement, believing the conviction of the American dream. So he works hard for the sake of his dream. He is infatuated with Daisy because he is amazed at Daisys “beautiful houseshining
41、motor cars” (Fitz, 148),and other aspects of an elegant life. All of her luxurious life makes him “overwhelmingly aware of youth and mystery that wealth imprisons and preserves”(Fitz, 150),and makes him think that the rich can be “safe and proud above the hot struggles of the poor”(Fitz, 150). So Ga
42、tsby, full of drive, attempts to reach his goal of getting rich. From Chapter Nine, we know Gatsby did have an energetic “schedule” in his childhood, such as getting up at 6:00 in the morning, beginning to study electricity at 7:15, and until 79 in the evening “studying needed inventions”(Fitz, 174)
43、. It seems that not a second is to be lost. He also has a wonderful “general resolves” (Fitz, 174), whish set strict demands on himself, such as “not wasting time,no more smoking,read one important book or magazine per week and save $500 per week” (Fitz, 174). Anyway, he was dreaming to better himse
44、lf all the time in order that he could get rich some day. 3.2.2 An analysis of Gatsbys second dreamIf we think that Gatsbys dreams at a very early age because he is trying to train himself for the late dream. There is no doubt that he dreams at the adult age because he is trying to win Daisy back. H
45、ere, obviously, Gatsbys second dream is the dream of love, and this is the core of his whole “ideal” in life. He dreams of being rich, but this is not his final ideal. Being rich is only a means to capture love, but his view of love is not merely a marriage between him and a woman. From Chapter Six,
46、 we know “he knew women earlysince they spoiled him, he became contemptuous of them, of young virgins because they were hysterical about things” (Fitz, 99). Why does he admire Daisy? The reason is very simple. He admires Daisy because she stands for the elegance and virtue of the upper class. Just a
47、s I mentioned above, Daisy is a symbol for Gatsby to understand what an “ideal” is. Gatsby thinks he can become “mighty” if he marries Daisy. So in order to marry her, he reads newspapers to look for Daisy, buys a gorgeous mansion, and holds the wonderful party to attract Daisy to come over. But as
48、he “almost” realizes his “ideal” he is killed under Daisys husband Toms malice. Tom leaves Gatsby to shoulder the responsibilities for Daisy. At that moment marks the end of his “ideal”. 3.3 The failure of Gatsbys dream Jay Gatsby is the victim of American dream and his life is full of tragedy, rang
49、ing from his dream and his pursuit of the dream to the wreckage of his dream. His experience is just the reflection of American life in the first half of the twentieth century. In order to realize the dream of being rich and winning daisy back, Gatsby exert himself to work all the time. But the things he pursuits a
