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1、题 目： 肢体语言英语课堂的重要性 THE IMPORTANCE OF BODY LANGUAGE AT ENGLISH CLASS IN MIDDLE SCHOOLAbstractWith the continual reform of language teaching and learning methods, teachers are required to organize the classes in English and create Englishlearning environments. However, with the limitation of students v
2、ocabulary, teachers have to simplify their teaching language with the help of body language in the teaching of English. Moreover, researches show that body language plays a great part in interpersonal communication and English teaching. In order to appeal English teachers to take full advantage of t
3、he body language in English teaching, the author presents this paper to explain the importance of body language in English teaching, through discussing the types and the specific functions of body language frequently employed in the process of English teaching .She also presents her teaching experie
4、nce and a survey report to support her viewpoint that the appropriate application of body language by English teacher in middle school can improve teaching efficiency greatly. Key words: body language; total physical response; English teaching 摘 要 随着语言教与学方法的不断改革，要求教师进行英语教学并创造出英语学习的环境，然而，由于学生词汇量的限制，教
5、师必须借用肢体语言来简化课堂用语。并且研究发现肢体语言在人际交往和英语教学中都起着重大的作用。为了呼吁英语教师在教学中充分发挥肢体语言的作用，该论文通过对英语教学中经常用到的肢体语言的种类及其在具体教学中的作用进行了分析和调研，从而说明肢体语言的重要性，同时作者结合自己的教学经验来说明在中学英语课堂中适当的应运肢体语言能够很好的提高教学效率。关键字：肢体语言;全身反映教学法;英语教学Table of contents1. Introduction12The importance of using body language in English teaching12.1 Total Physi
6、cal Response and body language22.2 The advantages of using body language in English teaching32.2.1From teachers aspect32.2.2 From students aspect32.3 The types of body language used in English teaching42.3.1 The application of facial expression42.3.2 The application of eye contact52.3.3. The applica
7、tion of gesture62.3.4. The application of manner72.4 A comparison between two teachers73. Concrete application of body language83.1 Body language helps to improve listening93.2 Body language helps to improve speaking93.3 Body language helps to improve writing.103.4 Body language helps to improve rea
8、ding114. Some suggestions when using body language114.1. Using body language under appropriate occasions124.2. Accuracy and frequency125. Report of the survey125.1 Research method135.2 Samples135.3 Subject and procedure135.4 Analysis of the survey136. Conclusion14Bibliography16Acknowledgements17Appe
9、ndix181. IntroductionAt present, almost everyone knows that English learning becomes more and more important to the students. As we all know, the classroom teaching is one of the most important ways for the students learn English. As far as the English teaching in middle school is concerned, teacher
10、s need to reform the teaching methods to arouse the students interest and help them to learn better. There are many useful and proper methods to get the goal. However, one of the most important ways is to use body language, because English teaching in middle school focuses on communication activitie
11、s at present. Dull and dry communication will make students produce unpleasant feelings. They do not like the usual, unchanging teaching and learning methods.Body language is the process of communicating what you are feeling or thinking by the way you place and move your body rather than by words. I
12、t comes before verbal language, and it is the primary form of human communication. It refers to the patterns of facial expression, eye contact that people use to express their attitudes and feelings to communicate. Fen.Lafle.Angles once said: “once it was lost, a baby couldnt have grown into a norma
13、l person.”(Liuyongfa&liuxuanen, 1997) Researches carried out by most linguists revealing that information conveyed by body language accounts for 65% in face-to-face communication while verbal means only takes up 35%. In school education, body language plays a positive role in arouse students interes
14、t and create English learning environment and so on. A research reported that 82% of the notions used in class by teachers are nonverbal, while only 18% are verbal.(shenminxian,1999) However, English teachers in China still give their emphasis on the traditional teaching means, such as the verbal la
15、nguage and written language but they neglect the importance of body language in teaching. Therefore, in English class, the teachers should pay enough attention to body language and properly use it. Because not only it is a good tool to communicate with others and express oneself, but it can help the
16、 teachers achieve a higher teaching goal and further mutual understanding between the teachers and the students. 2The Importance of using body language in English teachingWith the development of our society, English has become more and more important. As a matter of fact, English teaching has become
17、 a key part of the school education, with the English teaching methods reform, English teachers are required to organize the teaching process in English，especially the class in middle school. However, students in the middle school cant speak very well; neither can they understand why they should use
18、 different tones in different time or situation; their vocabulary and expressive ability are limited too. These limitations make it difficult to realize the Communicating English in the classes, so according to the students present level and practical situation, body language is required.2.1 Total P
19、hysical Response and body languageTotal Physical Response (TPR) is a language teaching method built around the coordination of speech and action; it attempts to teach language through physical activity. The main advocator is a famous American psychologist, James Asher, who views language learning pr
20、ocess is just like the mother tongue learning process by children. The teacher should create a relaxed and comfortable environment for learners. Because anxiety is quite possibly the affective factor that most pervasively obstructs the learning process. It is associated with negative feelings such a
21、s uneasiness, self-doubt, apprehension and tension, when anxiety is present in the classroom, there is a donw-spirialling affect (Shenminxian, 1999). Anxiety makes us nervous and afraid and thus contributes to poor performance; this in turn creates more anxiety and an even worse performance. In clas
22、sroom, the teacher use a vivid and specific body movements, facial expressions or gestures, namely body language which reduces the learning pressure and also increases the learning interest. As a result, students can easily understand what the teacher says. This language learning method is the pract
23、ical reflection and extension of Affective- Humanism Approach which emphasizes the importance of the learners psychological factors in language learning. Some popular teaching methods such as Communicative Language Learning, the Natural Approach and Task-based Approach are influenced by TPR. (Liushu
24、lin, Liuchunyun&Liuyuewei, 2004) Body language is the key in TPR. It should be widely used in TPR classroom.2.2 The advantages of using body language in English teachingAs vocal languages vital complement, body language has many advantages in English teaching. At this part, the author will discuss s
25、everal main advantages of body language from teachers and students aspects separately.2.2.1 From teachers aspectIf a class is compared to a drama, then, teaches are the directors of this drama. As a teacher one should has his own teaching style and be good at designing his body language in teaching,
26、 because the use of body language in teaching process is important.First, the use of body language can help teachers express themselves better and understand students clearly. Body language can be vocal languages vital complement, in expressing some subtle ideas; body language can be a good helper.
27、It can make the abstract things become specific, so the students can understand the abstract things easily. Second, the use of body language can help teachers simplify the knowledge and create English environment. As we all know, environment is the key factor for us to learn English well, so teacher
28、s should adopt teaching methods that use English to teach students during their teaching process. Students also need to use English at class in order to learn better. But for middle school students their vocabulary is limited, moreover, young pupils have limited ability to learn words and expression
29、s through conceptual explanations. When teachers describe or explain words or phrases in English, it is difficult for them to understand. As time goes on, they will lose interest in learning English. But with the help of body language, the complex words can be simplified. A simple motion, an express
30、ion will make it easy to understand. In the end, students can accept new knowledge in a happy atmosphere.2.2.2 From students aspectIn fact, students are the real major characters in the teaching process; everything teachers did is to create a good learning environment for students, so the use of bod
31、y language must benefit students. The following are the advantages.Firstly, the use of body language can reduce students pressure and create a stress-free learning atmosphere. With the help of body language, they would full of courage and confidence and without nervous any more. So absolutely they w
32、ill open mouth to speak and take part in the activity like group-work full of enthusiasm.Secondly the use of body language can help students keep firmly in mind the knowledge obtained in class, especially when teaching some key points, teachers can emphasize it by raising his voice and reaching out
33、his fingers. That will usually give students a deep impression Thirdly, the use of body language can stir students interest greatly. Classroom teaching is the major method for students to obtain knowledge. The application of body language can directly influence the teaching effect (shenminxian, 1999
34、). If they are interested in the contents, they would pay much attention to it. That means they have passion to learn. As we all know interest is the best teacher, one cannot learn a foreign language well without being interest. Sometimes, interest is more important than intelligence and language ap
35、titude. If students are deeply attracted by the teachers behavior. Thats a good beginning. As the old saying goes, a good beginning means a half of success. At last, a successful lesson will be lead. Based on the above analysis we can learn that the use of body language is necessary and practical at
36、 English teaching in middle schools.2.3 The types of body language used in English teachingBody language plays an important role in everyday communication, so does it in English teaching. Body language falls into various categories. Facial expression, eye contact, gesture, and manner are four of the
37、m which are often employed in English teaching (Lihaitao, 2004).2.3.1 The application of facial expressionFacial expression is the whole showing screen of peoples mind, thought and nerve. All the pleasure, anger, anxiety, thought, sorrow and fear of a person can be reflected from the countenance (Li
38、haitao, 2004). Thus the significance of facial expression can be easily seen. Therefore, being good at talking and performing with the face, teachers should aim at the different circumanstance appeared in the English teaching classroom. The most typical facial expression, smile, applied by English t
39、eachers in class will be discussed in the following paragraphs.Nearly every student likes to approach teachers with smile on their face instead of those who wear frowns, scowls and grimaces. A warm, kind smile is often encourage and non-threatening, and then harmonious atmosphere is created. Just as
40、 the communicative approach of language teaching claims that people learn best when they feel secured. So it is certain that students in such a harmonious class will be activated and interested in learning. It has been found that the smile expressed by teachers can unburden students spiritually. Eng
41、lish may be a bit dull and difficult for us Chinese learners, so it is important to help students to build up their confidence in learning. It is said that teachers smile is a great encouragement for students to gain confidence in English learning. For instance, when a student is late for class or m
42、akes a stupid mistake in work. Instead of blaming him, the teacher can smile affably to him, pointing out his mistake, which will lead to better result. 2.3.2 The application of eye contactAs a proverb goes “the eyes are the window of the soul.Of all the ways we communicate with people, eye contact
43、is the most powerful one. According to a research, the eye contact between teachers and students should take up 60%-70% total time in class to arouse students interest (Guxueliang, 1998). Practically, the longer the eye contact lasts the more possibly the teacher will be considered trustful. It is s
44、aid that looking at people and meeting their eyes are the first step towards building up friendships and making positive impression. It is known to all that the activity of English teaching is the process of knowledge transmission as well as interpersonal communication, thus a friendly relationship
45、between teachers and students is necessary for teaching activities to be carried out smoothly. What is more, the attitude of intimacy, concern or indifference can be inferred by the way a teacher looks at or avoids looking at a student. Researches show that speakers who look at audience are often pe
46、rceived as much more favorable, confident, credible, and qualified than those who avoid eye contact (Lihaitao, 2004). It is also true in the classroom where students always feel more willingly to pay attention to the lessons delivered by teachers who continuously keep eye contact with them. A study
47、conducted by Breed, Christiansen and Larson indicates that students who are looked at almost continuously by teachers receive higher scores in exam. It is often said that the eyes of human beings can speak. Thus, teachers can understand better what students are thinking through the various movements
48、 of the eyes.firstly, teachers could get to know the effect of their lesson and this would help them analyze the situation of the students.secondly, teachers could know whether the students fully focus on the lesson through their eyes.From the above analysis, we can easily learn that the functions o
49、f eye contact in English teaching are significant. So an excellent teacher should have a pair of eyes which can speak. 2.3.3 The application of gesture Gesture means we communicate and express by the movement and manners of our hands and fingers. It also raises an essential function in English teaching. Gestures have an extensive sphere
