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1、The process of translation in various strategies and skillsAbstract The article tells how to pick the faithful to the original language smooth into the target language, summarizes some basic skills in English-Chinese translation of application. key words english-chinese translation; Translation skil
2、ls; application Translation is the bridge of communication two languages, to the source language expression come out information, a target to express, and two languages need to deal with. Because the two kinds of language expression and usage habits are different, in the process of translating best
3、can make use of various translation skills to target for some changes and change to comply with the expression of the target language habits. Below summarizes the nine kinds of common translation skills. A, the choice of word meaning, extension and praise or blame for translators, dictionary can onl
4、y provide the most basic definitions, the translation of extended, choice and pay attention to the praise or blame. As long as the basic meaning with the word, you can, in order to adapt to the ever-changing the need, the text unobstructed, rich and colorful, vivid and lively. 1. Select Chinese and
5、English word meaning of all have abundant vocabulary, but two languages corresponding term can absolutely, polysemy is two kinds of language in terms of the common features. Therefore, when translation must make clear the original sentence structure, after carefully choose determine meaning. For exa
6、mple: (1) The soul experiences completing a down cycle. 商业周期经历l突然的萧条。(2) He felt down. 他因失败而觉得沮丧。 2. Meaning implied method in translation, often met this case that some word in the dictionary can not find the appropriate on word meaning, if press the literal meaning to translation, it is difficult
7、to exact expression original text content, and even cause the misunderstanding of the readers. When it is necessary to the original according to the context of the meaning of the word or phrase meaning extended, select the most appropriate Chinese vocabulary to express. For example: (1) Application
8、of laser in medicine is still in its infancy.激光在医学中的应用仍处于发展的初期。(2) There are two sorts of lawyers- - - the ones who know the law, and the ones who know the judge. 有两种律师，一种精通法律，一种熟识法官3. The meaning of words to praise or blame loyalty to the original ideological content, the translation of the authors
9、 must be correctly understood the basic position and views, choose the proper language means to be expressed. Some of the words in the original itself says praise or blame meaning, you should put praise or blame meaning correspondingly, express For isolated see seems to be neutral words according to
10、 the context, when translation will be properly put their BaoYi or derogatory expression comes out. (1) She tried going through the first pages, but Irwin Shaw, for all his lucidity, could not hold her interest. 她翻了翻前面几页。虽然欧文肖文笔明白晓畅，可她还是看不进去。(2) The people will stop your profiteering schemes, and th
11、e people will win. 人民将阻止你们牟取暴利的诡计。 Second, abstract and concrete translation 1. Concrete translation methods of translation, the so-called specific is in the course of translation in the original abstract or is more abstract words, phrases and idioms with concrete or sentence is more specific words,
12、 phrases, idioms or sentence to translation, thus eliminating or minimizing language differences to the losing of translation to make the translation and the original, produce the same effect. For example: (1) Parents can do a tremendous amount to help their kids learn to read, but pushing them befo
13、re theyre ready can backfire. 父母可以做大量工作帮助孩子学会看书，但若超过孩子的智力与愿望，强迫学习，反而事与愿违。(2) He lived just outside town and came to the harbor often, looking for a bargain among the small craft.他住在近郊，常来码头，想拣便宜买条小船。2. To the faithful translation of the abstract and smooth, we often have to with specific meanings in
14、the original or specific image of the words, phrases and idioms or sentence, culture-sensitive processing. This translation methods is called the abstract pressure. For example: (1) I have no head for music.我没有音乐方面的天赋。(2)那位小伙子真是喝了大胆汤。That young man has great courage, indeed.Three, turn a translation
15、 of Chinese parts of speech can act as element of sentence more as a different composition, without change parts of speech, English a word can act as element of sentence less, often as a different composition to change the parts of speech. Therefore, the source language into the target language in s
16、ome parts of speech when translated into the parts of speech does not necessarily will sometimes, according to the needs of the target language should be translated into another kind of parts of speech. At this moment, need some of the original parts of speech, to make the conversion to smooth, natu
17、ral. For example: (1) Each time out was a continuation, not a repetition. 每出游一次，都是上次的继续而不是重复。（副词转动词）(2) He is physically weak, but mentally sound.（副词转译成名词）他身体虽弱，但思想健康。 四、Adverbs translated into a noun1. The word, the so-called lexical is according to the version of the profound meaning, in the proce
18、ss of translation, certain words, so as to increase the original meaning of the right to express them Because the English and Chinese language in the expression of two different ways, so when translation will be according to the meaning, the rhetoric, syntax, and other aspects of the need to be more
19、 loyal to the word, to the original, smooth the content and form of accurately reappear. English is not, auxiliary words, when Chinese measure words should be based on the context of the need to increase and auxiliary measure words; Chinese nouns dont have the concept of plural verb tenses, no chang
20、e if necessary, translation should be more complex and watch the tense watch word, and so on. For example:(1) In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibition, he would work on the drafting of the final communique. 晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看兵乓球表演之后，他还得起草最后公报。(2) Ambition is the
21、 mother of destruction as well as of evil.野心不仅是罪恶的根源，同时也是毁灭的根源。 2. The government is omitted in the original law refers to some of the words in the process of translation, not to come out, because the omission was in the process of translation, part is self-evident, that is to say, the government is
22、 in the translation of those who dont have to save the word translations, or and the language. Habit is not consistent with words, but is not omit, bypassing the version of the content. From a grammar point, can be saved in the original omitted pronouns, conjunction, prepositions, etc. For example:
23、(1) He was born in 1960, on a small farm in northern Missouri. 他 1960年生于北密苏里的一个小农场。(省略介词)(2) University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not. 报考大学，有工作经验者优先录取。 3. Repetition to avoid repetition, and English is not afraid of Chinese repetition. English in
24、order to avoid repeated often use a verb by several object or complement; Or a verb, behind the same verbs omitted or a lot they can use to avoid duplication nouns, pronouns Chinese meet the above situation can be used when a word gimmick. Repeat In fact, repeat pronouns represents the noun is to re
25、duce the use of the pronoun a method of use. (1)People forget your face first, then your name. 人们首先忘记你的面孔，然后忘记你的名字。(2) Reading exercises ones eyes; speaking, ones tongue; while writing, ones mind. 阅读训练人的眼睛，说话训练人的口才，写作训练人的思维。 Five, the positive and negative translation is the main translation and tra
26、nslation methods and skills of one. Because two language habits chinese-english different, and all can be positive or negative from to express the same concept, translation with positive expressions if the difficulties, owe it might as well with the reverse smooth express or will the face expression
27、 to switch to positive expressions. The translation of this method can properly by using natural and fluent, conform to make the Chinese standard, the more appropriate to express the meaning of the original. For example: (1) It takes two to make a quarrel. 一个巴掌拍不响。(2) To a wise man one word is enoug
28、h. 智者无需多言。 Six, points with the translation translation others.0 sentence structure, so there are differences in translation often will need to the original sentence structure of major change, in order to adapt to the original language expression of the habit. That is to say, in the course of transl
29、ation, the simple sentence can be translated into complex sentences, or will the compound sentence translated into simple sentences, this is called points and others.0 translation. 1. Points is the translation points in the sentence translation some ingredients isolated another for processing, trans
30、lated into independent of the original sentence, the simple sentence translated into the target language of two or more sentences. The points of the method can make the translation clear, distinct, accord with the language standard. For example: (1) In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of al
31、l size and colors.门口放着一堆雨伞，至少有十二把，五颜六色，大小不一 (分译了定语部分) 2. The law is the law with others.0 others.0 opposite a translation points translation methods. The so-called law of the original text to others.0 two or more sentences, or complex sentence into the target language of a simple sentences。（1）If you
32、 confer a benefit, never remember it; if you receive one, remember it always. 施恩勿记，受恩勿忘。(2) He was very clean. His mind was open.他为人单纯而坦率。 Seven, the adjustment of the word in a sentence word and the order of the clauses, both English and Chinese language are often not the same. Such as said time an
33、d place, and Chinese often is first big small, and after the first English is small, big. The translation should be according to the target language expression way make any necessary adjustments. For example: (1)More than uncouth, I am afraid, they will be to the hostages. 我担心，他们会对人质做出比粗暴无礼更过分的事情。(2
34、) Cheerful, efficient and warm- hearted, they will do everything to make your journey smooth and comfortable. 他们乐观、能干、热情，总是想法设法使你一路上顺利舒适。Eight, annotation method because language habits, geographical environment, local conditions and customs, life style, history and traditional the great differences
35、 in the original, there are many things that, even if the accurate translation out, readers are not able to understand, it must be comments. For example:“Are you an agha, too?”“My friend, those guys were not treatingus like men, that is, aghas”“Im an agha.”“你也是一个阿加吗？”“朋友，这帮家伙没有拿我们当人看。我是说，他们没有拿我们当阿加看
36、待。”“我是个阿加。”（注）阿加（agha）原为土耳其人对上层军政领导的尊称。以后也用以尊称下层领导，以及村长、家长、地主等。现在只在下层还保留着,作为对成年男子的尊称。Nine, back to the translation in order to learning and absorbing foreign culture, the translator must take different means, in the target language in the original language cultural image, retain the original languag
37、e culture absorb ingredients. The specific composition of culture usually have a particular language. In the Chinese culture to spread, sometimes we need from the foreign language culture will be borrowed composition of culture are to return to foreign language culture notebooks, WanBiGuiZhao , the
38、reduction is the process of translation. In other words, in english-chinese translation, the translation is the culture, is the original language some reduction of cultural vocabulary in the receptor language translation reductive into its original source language form. As a translation strategy in
39、the translation of words and phrases and sentences, less in layer above. For example:汉译英：传销/ Pyramid selling,傻瓜照相机 /a friendly camera,雅思考试 /International English Language Testing System(TELTS)英译汉：The Story of The Stone/红楼梦Monkey King/西游记The Book of Changes/易经The above about translation method and th
40、e skill, in the course of translation, not isolated, should be treated according to the specific conditions, mutual combination, mutual penetration, to make the translation of the work more vivid, loyal, reappears the original meaning and style, to the translation of optimal results. 参考文献：1刘季春编著.实用翻译教程M.中山大学出版社,19962陆国强编著. 英汉和汉英语义结构对比M.复旦大学出版社,19993郭著章,李庆生编著.英汉互译实用教程M.武汉大学出版社,1996
