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1、毕 业 论 文 空行 The social and cultural factors in translation practice翻译实践的社会和文化因素本科生毕业论文评阅书The social and cultural factors in translation practice翻译实践的社会和文化因素学生姓名学 号所在院系专 业程树环200910624715继续教育学院英语导师姓名指导教师意见评语：成绩：导师签字： 日期： 年 月 日 翻译实践的社会和文化因素Abstract:Abstract: language is an important part of culture, it
2、is culture of a kind of expression form, is also a kind ofSocial and cultural phenomenon. Language is like a mirror reflecting an overall culture of the nations, and as a window on theCulture of all the elements, and the culture and language is the basis of survival, is the language of the new super
3、sedes the old. The source of life.Based on the language connotation of the complex, in English-Chinese translation practice, will not only focus on the language conversion, but through languageThe surface words, understand its meaning and deep cultural connotation. The translator has to further stud
4、y the translation of content related to the originalLanguage and the target language culture characteristics and differences, using various translation skills translation method, both keeping the exotic, andFor readers who accept the most natural and the closest to the original meaning of the textKe
5、ywords: Key words: English translation; cultural differences; influencing factors; Method Research关键词：关键词: 英语翻译;文化差异;影响因素;方法探索 Outline: The social and cultural factors in translation practice空行1. One, English and Chinese cultural differences2.different cultural background2.1第二部分二级标题(1) 2.1.1Associat
6、ion of different2.2第二部分二级标题(2)2.2.1第二部分二级标题（2）的三级标题（1）2.2.23.The manifestation of politeness in practical lifeThe social and cultural factors in translation practice以下正文中的层级标题要和提纲中的层级标题完全一致。但次级标题不需缩进。 1. English and Chinese cultural differences Language as a part of culture, is the culture of a kind
7、 of form of expression, but also a kind of social cultural phenomenon. Language is a mirror to reflect all of the nations culture, like a window prompts the culture of all internalCapacitance, and culture is the basis for the survival of language, is the language of the new supersedes the old. The s
8、ource of life. From the linguistic anglePoint of view, language is a reflection of culture, and culture is to master a direct and effective tool2.The different cultural background2.1 第二部分二级标题(1) The translation is difficult, the difficulty in two kinds of different understanding and translation. The
9、re are some things in a kind of cultural system was not madeAnd metaphor, and in another culture system is actually very difficult to understand; the same word or phrase in different countries authorChanges are often different in meaning. Translation is not only focus on the language conversion, but
10、 the surface through the language, understand itsMeaning and deep cultural connotation. Therefore, the translator must further study the translation of content related to the source language and the target languageThe cultural traits and cultural differences, use various kinds of translation methods
11、, translation is keeping the exotic, and as the readers acceptanceThe most natural and most close to the original translation.One, English and Chinese cultural differencesLanguage as a part of culture, is the culture of a kind of form of expression, but also a kind of social cultural phenomenon. Lan
12、guage is a mirror to reflect all of the nations culture, like a window prompts the culture of all internalCapacitance, and culture is the basis for the survival of language, is the language of the new supersedes the old. The source of life. From the linguistic anglePoint of view, language is a refle
13、ction of culture, and culture is to master a direct and effective tool.Each nation has its own culture, this culture is in the specific natural environment, historical conditions, geographical locationAnd the social reality forms, thus has the particularity. To master a language will be familiar wit
14、h the culture behind it.Special, have insight into this and other nationalities cultural differences.( a ) the different cultural backgroundChina since ancient times with agriculture, agricultural population is numerous, so many idioms are derived from the farmers proverb.For example:Withered wood o
15、r cold ashes dead trees and cold ashes as thin be lean an a rake on bombMusic cast pearls bef ore swine a rolling stone gathers a rolling stone gathers no moss no mass publicPeople collecting firewood high flame many hands make light work Britain is an island country, British people like navigation,
16、 because ofOf this, a large part of idioms derived from the nautical career.For example:Good wind fast Hoist your sail when the wind to is Fai Still r still waters run deepWaters run deep calm sea, every man is a pilot In a calm sea, every man is aPilot small leak will sink a great ship A small leak
17、 will sink a great ship ( two) custom ofThe sameChinese and British people say : I used to love you. I love you with my heart.There is a little bit English Chinese mainland people introduce to foreigners, his lover with the word love, foreignPeople listened very surprised, because the love in Englis
18、h lover or his mistress, and love in ChineseWhen the English hu * * and or wif e.Chinese regard owl as not auspicious symbol, but in English, say, as wise as an owl,The owl as the symbol of wisdom.Chinese dragon as the lucky ones, have unbelievable great power, thus becoming the worldThe symbol of t
19、he emperor, or even regard it as a bright future, wangzichenglong. But the British have dragonAs the jet fireworks murderous monster.( three) the different associationLanguage is the vehicle of thought, and thought is the objective reflection. Humans have many different experience of life, a total o
20、fWith experience, so different cultures have many coincidence Office ( Cultural overlaps ). For example: in English and Chinese two languagesWords, with snow white with gold yellow metaphor, analogy, cunning as a fox, with flexible monkey metaphor, but due to the guestExternal condition restrict, di
21、fferent people use different metaphors to express the same idea.For example: kill two birds with one stone, Chinese English one stone two birds. Chinese with no tiger in the mountain, monkeyDominate the king , with In the land of. The blind, the one eyed man is king. strong as an ox., English as st
22、rong as a horse; Chinese one.Mouth to drink, often say like a fish, and drink like a say f ish( four) social ritual differenceAmericans in greeting, often said: Hello, Hi, while the Chinese often say when they meet: You do not eat? asked the Chinese like: whereare you going Where have you been? some
23、 English speaking people listened very unhappy, saying: It is none of your ( business!Do you mind? )Foreigners usually say farewell: good - bye . Bye - bye or see you later or a smileAccompanied by a farewell gesture can, while the Chinese often say walking, walking, go, go or Please stay. Thank you
24、 in Chinese, is used very widely, but English is not completely equivalent.( five) culture on the blank ( Cultural blanks ) and cultural conf ( in the sense of conflictLicts )The so-called cultural gaps, which some claim or action is a country all, no other countries. For example: ChinaSome of the c
25、omments, no foreign: sing a red-faced, stuff, bootlick, left, superhuman powers, cast pearls before swine, classGet the axe, Kong Fuzi moved - net is the book; in English also has a number of unique view, for example: askeletonIn the cupboard, a green eye, as poor as church mouse, take FrenchLeave,
26、a black sheep, a white lie, a f Rog inthe throat, a bee inOne s bonnet.The significance of the conflict, that some things or actions in China, Britain has, and has quite the word, but theThe meaning is different, so a word: China is a piece of fat meat, who all want to eat. The words in the English
27、language are fatThere are, but foreign students are difficult to understand, why to fat, lean lean is not better than. Chinese meet often say that: You fat! it was a compliment, but the British and American people sound, thought is warning him that should be on a diet, heThey do not understand why b
28、luffing.The English f lower is often used to refer to a woman, but Chinese flower of the word, after certain combinations haveAnother meaning of. For example: with flowers and weed, red-light district,Here it means flower indecent women or prostitutes.Two, the relationship between culture and Transl
29、ationWhat is the relationship between translation and culture culture? How? This is our first need to clarify the problem. The British SchoolTaylor ( E . B. Tylor, 1871), to the culture is defined as: culture, i.e.Knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other as members of the society f
30、or people to getIncludes all abilities and habits, complex integral. Culture of human in social development to create spiritual wealthAnd the rich material wealth, but also the humans in their historical experience in the creation of the concept and the sum of things. Culture andIs not abstract, it
31、is our perception. Human emotions to themselves, skill and wisdom to create their ownCulture, update their culture. Different national languages are different, culturally different, but the ability of human natureIs the same, as created by the human culture in the deep sense reflects human common ab
32、ility, various nationalitiesCulture has the same sex, different countries, different ethnic diversity and activity of the concept of diversification so that its cultural contentAnd appeared in the form of diversity, which is the origin of cultural differences.Translation is the two language between
33、social communication and communication tool, its aim is to promote the language clubThe political, economic and social and cultural progress,Its mission is to take the original works are included in the real world logic mapping or artistic image, intactFrom one language to another language or to, cu
34、ltural exchange, to promote social progress, this is the translationThe fundamental task and the greatest significance, however, in the process of translation, present on the surface of foreign words on the difference expressionDifferent, only from the word skills up to it is difficult to solve the
35、difference of meaning, we must from the cultural background.Processing of foreign words in the expression of things connotation differences, because these differences derive is in life is different and formation.Now, give an example to illustrate the function of translation in literature, cultural b
36、ackground is extremely important; translationOn the cultural background of less familiar words, translation will blunt hard to read, and sometimes even unintelligible:His ears listening to this sound foundation, it is angry cries, is a wild roar. He felt that.Enthusiasm and blood of harassment, in h
37、is chest turbulent, in his face, feel the fury of the storm blows, beforeEnter a, destruction, and to the great Hull dove Russ bottom will suddenly stop with. The great spirit, secretion of hisThe body went to. Seem to boast about his blood and body and mind, make these suddenly big, he stands on th
38、e world,He as the general,Anger and sadness in violent storms, broke his heart. ? How sad ah? how one thing ah! HeStrongly feel? hard, more hard, become the strong person, how good? To be thereForce and bear bitter hardships, how good!This translation is a translation of Lu Xun Romain Rollands John
39、Christopher of dawn in the sectionLet me have a look, Fu Leis translation, reading under an immediate sense of the difference between the two. Investigate its reason, aLu Xun on European music do not quite understand, but Fu Lei had studied Beethovens life and works, known as the European musicCultu
40、re, the translation of the translation course deep Charm:He knew the music, know this angry cries, the angry shouts, he heard his own heart in the chest beforeBounce, blood boiling in there, face to the wind blowing, it beat all, mop up all, suddenly stop, as if there were a an irresistible force wi
41、ll put the repression, the great soul deep in his heart, so thatHis body and soul to expand, become gigantic. He walked in the world of indomitable spirit. He is a mountain, big storm in the chest percussion, the fury of the storm! Pain thunderstorm!? Oh! What a pain!? ButAfraid of nothing! He felt
42、so strong? good suffer eternal suffering!? Oh! Be strong can be moreGood! Strong and can suffer well!?Therefore, whether the translator writing accomplishment and time how home, lack of cultural background is not. YieldOne example, to illustrate the close relationship between translation and culture
43、.The University of Oxford retired teacher Hawke Si ( David Havikes ) in order to focus on Cao Xueqin A dream of Red Mansions translated into English, resigned from the Oriental Institute, University of Oxford Professor, to be a dream of Red Mansions one bookEnglish version by British Penguin publish
44、ing company, soon became a classic translations, although did not for HawkesBring the mental labor reward, but the fox version will become the Chinese classical literature in English translation of the work model, whenWithout a doubt. The following is a thirteenth time of Qin Keqing wind sister show
45、, there are so few:Now we celebrated, has for hundreds of years, one day if the sentence should have, if the loss of a supporter.It is not known, a virtual world cultured old family? Hawkes translation is as follows:Our House has now enjoyed nearly a century of dazzling success.Suppose one day joy a
46、t its height engenders sparrows And suppose.That in the words of another proverb the t ree, When falls, theMonkeys scatter Will not our Rep. Utation as one of the great,Cultural households of the age then turn into a hollow mockery?Song Qi praised: reading is very comfortable, just like translation,
47、 especially the translation of great cultured old family, cultural household is because he understand cultured old family culture connotation.The above two examples illustrate the cultural background on the importance of translation, in fact the lack of cultural elements in TranslationEquivalent to a lack of spiritual translation, the so-called culture, but also includes the translator of the original cultural backgroundCulture, understanding and caused by the temperament and style. In other words
