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1、自学考试毕业论文 A Comparative Study of Chinese and Western Body Language in Nonverbal Communication作 者：准考证号：指导教师：学科专业：英语 2011年 11月 30日 CONTENTS Abstracts.2摘要.3Chapter One Introduction.41. The demarcation of the body language and its characters.51.1 The definition of the body language.51.2 The characters of
2、 the body language .62. The communicative function of body language.72.1 The replace function of body language.72.2.The supplementary function of body language.82.3. Emphasis and repetition function of body language.82.4.Negative function of body language.93. The similarity and difference of body la
3、nguage.93.1 .the religious belief.103.2. The concept of values .103.3.the social norm.113.4. The national characters .124.The conclusion .13 4.1. The Chinese culture s body language .134.2. Culture shock even culture gap .144.3.All peoples of the different cultures in the world .14References.15 Abst
4、ractThe body language is a sign system, the information carrier for people to communicate ideas and express their feelings. In order to communicate smoothly, people often express their thoughts with the help of body language. The same to language, body language is a part of culture . Under the diffe
5、rent cultural backgrounds , the meaning of the body language is not the same . Many experts pay attention to the faults of linguistic performance under different culture backgrounds . The body language directly appeals to visual argan of people . It is very significative for people to communicate wi
6、th others . This text is mainly to analysis the general character and the differences through the contrast studies of Chinese and Foreign body language .KEY WORDS : Body language ；China and Foreign culture ； culture background ；body movements；gesture , kinesics . 摘 要体态语是一个符号系统，是人们交流思想，表达感情的信息载体。为了交际
7、的顺利进行，人们常借助体态语手段来表达所思所想。同语言一样，体态语也是文化的一部分。在不同的文化背景下，体态语的意义也不相同。许多专家学者注重研究不同文化背景下言语行为产生语用失误现象。体态语直接诉诸人们的视觉器官，在人际交往中具有相当重要的意义。本文通过对中西体态语的对比研究，分析中西体态语的共性和差异及其产生的原因，对人们了解西方文化的特性，在跨文化交际中避免误会和冲突具有重要的意义。关键词：体态语；中西文化；文化背景；身体动作；手势；举止神态 The Difference between Chinese and Foreign Culture in Body Language Recen
8、t years, the importance of nonlinguistic communication has been accepted by more and more experts and scholars . The American scholar made a study of percentage between verbal communication and nonlinguistic communication in the conversation of the same nation . As a result , he found that verbal co
9、mmunication takes the part of 30% in the whole conversation , however , nonlinguistic communication shares as high as 70% . Summers watts think more absolutely that verbal communication only covers 35% in the face-to-face communication . The rest part is transmitted by nonlinguistic communication .
10、From this we can see that people cant communicate with eath other without nonlinguistic communication . Body language is the main part of research of nonlinguistic communication . It is also called gesture , body movement , mainly including posture , facial expression , tone quality , the distance b
11、etween the two speakers and so on . The produce and development of body language not only make nonlinguistic communication energetic , but add refreshment to psychology , ethology , sociology . Whats more , it provides powerful guarantee for the effective process of cross-cultural communication . Th
12、is essay first briefly introduces the importance and function of body language , then researches the culture differences between China and Foreign body language . Thus , people can make cross-cultural communication more effectively . At last , we conclude the illumination that the difference of body
13、 language brings to foreign language learners . 1.The demarcation of the body language and its characters. 1.1. The definition of the body language .The words are related with body language are body language ,body movements ,gesture ,kinesics ,and so on .Scholars make a incisive study of body langua
14、ge.Howard Fast thinks the body language is used for people to communicate with each other . Summers Watts say kineaics is the body for the systematic study of the action potential, through formal study of these actions and code of conduct. Western dictionary new university defined ,Systematic study
15、of non-verbal body movements (such as blush, eye movements, etc.) and communication between disciplines. The word kinesics in A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics,Semiotics is used to refer to the systematic use of facial expressions and body gestures to convey meaning, especially in combinatio
16、n with the language (such as a smile or a frown will change the understanding of a sentence), Hu Wenzhong is the famous scholar in the Dictionary of Anglo-American culture in the body language of communication is defined as the transfer of information expressions and movements in our Country. To sum
17、 up ,body language is action issued by the various parts of the body, emotions, such as eyes, gestures, facial expressions, posture, posture, and so rich and subtle emotion to convey information and cultural information.1.2. The Characters of the Body Language .First subservience of body language Bo
18、dy language is supported, assist verbal language, verbal language to strengthen efforts to enhance the sound effects of language.According to study person average use 10 minutes to speaking .In face to face communication, there are some sound less than 35%,and 65% of the communication signal is sile
19、nt . This indicates that although the body language is only supportive, but its role is irreplaceable.Reality of the body language In a complex social life ,language is often fraudulence and disguised .Body language is greater than the authenticity of the spoken language, body language, this feature
20、 is due to the habit of decision. Body language is the human consciousness and the subconscious mind, a reflection of peoples inner feelings or emotional changes often reflected on the body. If people anxious to bite a finger, said his irritability. The otherness of body language Body language and l
21、anguage ,is formed in a culture within a set of clear and definite hipping symbols .As the different of culture backgrounds, body languages form of expressions and their minings are not the same. Such as China, said people often praise a thumbs-up, put up little finger express contempt; Japanese wit
22、h a thumbs-up, said, Father, put up little finger, said, lover; and a thumbs-up in the UK, said people should take the car. Raised his hands, palms outward, the gesture that please the audience quiet in the UK, in Greece it is humiliating.2.The communicative function of body language 2.1.The replace
23、 function of body language The use of the performance of oral language or written language in expressing emotion in the case, to the emotional significance of the corresponding alternative body language or written language, oral language, such as the deaf using sign language, port terminals and seag
24、oing ships on the use of semaphore, sports competitions in the arbitration decision to use language, command of the traffic police booth on The surrogate function of body language can not or inconvenient to the flow of sign language, body language are all alternative.2.2.The supplementary function o
25、f body language Sometimes verbal language expression is pale ,non-verbal language can be described language behavior modification and play the role. According to foreign psychologists determination: people express thoughts and feelings, 55% of the content needs to use all parts of the body posture a
26、nd movement, 38% with the sound, while only 7% use of language. Through the eyes, facial muscle movements, gestures, posture and many other silent language of body language will sound visualization, emotional, vivid, in order to achieve the head start, the effect of twist of wondering, and can fully
27、 compensate for the lack of sound language.2.3. Emphasis and repetition function of body language.Body language can emphasis and repetition some information ,in the words communication has the strong supporting ,head and hands movements often played on the words spoken emphasis.Example ,the speaker
28、said ,we must clean unhealthy tendencies ,at the same time ,his head leading forward ,holding out his hand push heavily down to express attitude is all . 2.4.Negative function of body language Language can be insincere, but body language is the true revelation of ones inner feelings,Non-verbal behav
29、ior can be completely expressed by the meaning of language behavior with the opposite,sometimes non-verbal language of the language more authenticity .For instance ,the child refused to other to his food ,he may say I dont eat ,in fact, the eyes are tightly staring at the food but also quietly smack
30、, that means want to eat.3. The similarity and difference of body language In communication, speaker, according to their respective culture always statute(cultural norms) by a certain pattern of behavior. As FeiXiaotong say the Culture and not in the depths of the often laws system in, but people in
31、 poverty between daily daily life. A lifted up his hand, and a full up,see that is natural, do not add artificial, but in fact they are not all arbitrary Place is from the a set of value from imperceptible since childhoodThe control system. So, culture greatly influences and restricts The behavior o
32、f people, body language tends to reflect the difference between Chinese and western culture different.3.1 .The religious belief Religious culture is an important part of culture in social life , it through to the western all aspects of the social life, and social life in plays a dominant, affecting
33、peoples life style and method of cognition. With a religious color gestures often appear in their daily life. Westerners in enters the church or encounter often in the cross when grateful, respect ,or when it will obey hand on his chest .Chinese nation have no unitive religious faith ,but Buddhism m
34、ake far reaching influence in social life .When people in a dangerous situation or crisis has dissolve ,often put up their hands in the chest and read thanks goodness .3.2. The concept of values .Westerners advocating equality, freedom, think that the individual has the supreme.The internal value an
35、d dignity. Therefore, the relationship between the people is horizontal .Structure, namely the equality and not on the level of the relationship between structure, and the time reflected in behaviour As in conversation, westerners position is very informal, sometimes very .To a half lying in a chair
36、, extend the crossing or will put them on the table leg with people to talk. In the Chinese view, that motion is lack of accomplishment, without arrogance the ritual performance.Because of Chinas rule by Confucianism for more than two thousand years, and Gang Chang Ethics has penetrated the national
37、 heart, form the disvalued nature, heavy Groups of the individual value light.In communication often show,modest and comity, raise your hand carry sufficient a pay attention to bearing dignified and proper behaviour.3.3.The social norm Chinas early in the shang period in the formation of the civiliz
38、ation etiquette, its most influential is the male and female have differences, so in both sexes interaction, and body contact, and other aspects of the body language have strict standard. Heterosexual follow The men and women ShouShouBuQin, even if the couple, in public but cant watchNow overly affe
39、ctionate; And same sex can literally happened between body contact, and each other Hug shoulder, arm under the arm or waist. Westerners see the scene are very shocked, thought that this is open gay behaviour and the western nationality. Because the etiquette system relaxation lax and show nothing wi
40、th the style, heterosexual dont afraid to touch the body, and in social games the men and women embracing and kissing is common.Besides China and the western society standard difference is also manifest in the people. We emphasize autonomy, privacy. So in publicTotal occasions between people and peo
41、ple always keep a certain comfortable distance. The Chinese people families are in the family as the center of the system, and formed a polymerization type behavior model type, the Chinese the pursuit of harmony, the social, like close contact with people.3.4. The national Characters National charac
42、ter is all ethnic groups in the long historical culture development process formation in the relatively stable characteristics, this characteristic that all ethnic groups have their special color. Body language differences can reflect different national character.We take the Chinese and western the
43、pose that walk for example. The former Soviet union had spread a joke that America was walking like the land under the feet they all, the British was walking like disdain ignore who is his feet land owners. While the westerners may will walk of the Chinese people pose as well behaved, tend to get sh
44、y, or fear of publicity. This can see that westerners advocating independence, equality, outgoing, self-confidence, frank, literally exposed type character. On the other hand, China is formal state, a precise rank order, the system of music education, in this culture background, discovering Chinese people formed the humility, restraint, heavy etiquette, still ethics, express reservation collect such as type character. 4. Conclusion . 4.1. The Chinese cult
