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1、TPO34阅读详细答案Islamic Art and the Book 第一段分析 概述书籍已经成为伊斯兰艺术的代表 纸和字体的发展 出书人地位的提高 书的种类变多 第二段分析 介绍造纸技术传入伊斯兰世界的过程以及纸张的优势 第三段分析 介绍纸张进步所带来的影响 书籍变得便宜 艺术创作的空间变大 第四段分析 圆形字体的发展过程 文章结构分析 第1题 解析：非真实信息题。答案C 原文信息为The mosque of Marrakech in Morocco is known as the Kutubiyya, or Booksellers Mosque, after the adjacent m
2、arket.而不是They were sold primarily near mosques. 迷惑选项 A 对应原文信息为Books became major vehicles for artistic expression, B 对应原文信息为but after that date a wide range of books were produced for a broad spectrum of patrons. D 对应原文信息为Most were made for sale on the open market, and cities boasted special souks (
3、markets) where books were bought and sold 第2题 解析：词汇题。答案D sponsored意为“资助，赞助”故选D: supported A visited意为“参观，拜访” B owned意为“拥有” C praised意为“称赞，赞扬” 迷惑选项 第3题 解析：词汇题。答案B adjacent意为“附近的，临近的”故选B: nearby A major意为“主要的，重要的” C ancient意为“远古的，古代的” D well-known意为“众所周知的” 迷惑选项 第4题 解析：真实信息题。答案D 原文信息为This came about fr
4、om two major developments: paper became common, replacing parchment as the major medium for writing 迷惑选项 A 与原文相矛盾，原文信息为 but after that date a wide range of books were produced for a broad spectrum of patrons即在A.D. 900才有更广范的话题 B 与原文相矛盾，原文信息为Before A.D. 900, manuscripts of the Koran seem to have been
5、the most common type of book produced and decorated即在A.D 900之前有book produced and decorated C 与原文相矛盾，原文信息为rounded scripts were regularized and perfected so that they replaced the angular scripts of the previous period即A.D 900之前是使用angular scripts 第5题 解析：修辞目的题。答案C 该信息为例子起支持论证的作用，服务的对象为Most were made fo
6、r sale on the open market, and cities boasted special souks (markets) where books were bought and sold即为说明book markets的作用 迷惑选项 A,D 原文无提及该信息 B 原文提及该信息Some of the most luxurious books were specific commissions made at the order of a particular prince and signed by the calligrapher and decorator但与被提问的信
7、息无关系 第6题 解析：词汇题。答案A extracted from意为“从当中提取，从当中抽取”故选A：taken out of B produced using意为“使用生产” C discovered in意为“在发现” D combined with意为“与混合” 迷惑选项 第7题 解析：句子简化题。答案B 原句分为两层，因果关系。第一层：纸张很快传到了埃及但是在取代羊皮卷的古兰经之前过了5个世界。第二层：原因是宗教艺术和参与者的保守的本质。 迷惑选项 A 句内信息的杂糅，原文信息是经过几个世纪取代羊皮卷的古兰经而不是It was several centuries before pa
8、permaking techniques spread to faraway C 修改原文的语意范围，原文信息是纸张用于记录古兰经，而不是it was not widely used by artists for centuries D 包含原文未提及的信息，原文无提及probably at the request of conservative practitioners 第8题 解析：非真实信息题。答案C 原文无提及该信息。 A 对应原文信息为Writing in ink on paper, unlike parchment, could not easily be erased, and
9、 therefore paper had the advantage that it was difficult to alter what was written on it 迷惑选项 B 对应原文信息为Paper is thinner than parchment, so more pages could be enclosed within a single volume D 对应原文信息为Although paper was never as cheap as it has become today, it was far less expensive than parchment,
10、and therefore more people could afford to buy books. 第9题 解析：修辞目的题。答案C 该信息起解释说明的作用，服务的对象为These large sheets meant that calligraphers and artists had more space on which to work. Paintings became more complicated, giving the artist greater opportunities to depict space or emotion 迷惑选项 A,D 原文无提及该信息 B 原
11、文提及该信息，但是与Although paper was never as cheap as it has become today但与被提问信息无关 第10题 解析：真实信息题。答案B 与原文信息This in turn allowed the easy transfer of artistic ideas and motifs over great distances from one medium to another, and in a different scale in ways that had been difficult, if not impossible, in the
12、previous period相符 迷惑选项 A,C,D原文均无提及该信息 第11题 解析：真实信息题。答案B 与原文信息Around the year 900, Ibn Muqla, who was a secretary and vizier at the Abbasid court in Baghdad, developed a system of proportioned writing. He standardized the length of alif, the first letter of the Arabic alphabet, and then determined wh
13、at the size and shape of all other letters should be, based on the alif.相符 迷惑选项 A 偷换概念，原文信息为developed a system of proportioned writing而不是选项描述的He modified a set of formal scripts C,D 原文无提及该信息 第12题 解析：词汇题。答案A composed of意为“由组成，由构成”故选A: made up of B developed from意为“从发展起来” C in addition意为“此外” D similar
14、 to意为“与相似” 迷惑选项 第13题 解析：句子插入题。答案C 被插入句子前接This change的具体内容。后接for good reasons.的具体内容 第14题 Islamic books from A.D. 900 to 1500 reflect major changes from the past and important innovations. 1 3 5 Answer Choices: 1.Books became major vehicle of artistic expression for calligraphers and painters, and the
15、 subjects of books expanded to include more and more kinds of works. 解析：书籍变为艺术表达的工具以及包含更多话题的图书。 2.The growing luxuriousness of books meant that the market for them was increasingly dominated by the wealthy and powerful patrons who could afford them. 解析：原文无提及the market for them was increasingly domin
16、ated by the wealthy and powerful patrons 3.After it was learned from Chinese prisoners, the technique of papermaking spread throughout Islamic lands, where paper gradually replaced parchment. 解析：纸张技术的快速扩展以及纸张最终取代羊皮卷 4.The high status enjoyed by calligraphers and artists made books extremely popular
17、in the cities where books were bought and sold. 解析：细节性质选项 5.The popularity of books led to major advances in the development and transfer of new artistic ideas. 解析：书籍的流行带来的影响 6.Around the year 900, a set of rounded styles of Arabic handwriting began replacing angular scripts in copying the manuscrip
18、ts of the Koran. 解析：细节性质选项 The Development of Steam Power 第一段分析 概述英国的能源短缺的情况：木材的短缺 第二段分析 概述英国用煤取代短缺的木材 第三段分析 介绍为了克服煤炭短缺的问题而带来了蒸汽机的出现 第四段分析 瓦特改良了蒸汽机的设计 第五段分析 介绍瓦特蒸汽机在许多领域的应用 第六段分析 诸多技术的进步带来了英国制铁工业的发展 文章结构分析 第1题 解析：推理判断题。答案B 因果类infer，原文信息为Because of the growth of population, most of the great forests
19、of medieval Britain had long ago been replaced by fields of grain and hay即因为人口增长，森林被农田给替代。 迷惑选项 A,C,D 原文均无提及该信息 第2题 解析：真实信息题。答案B,D 与原文信息Vast forests enabled Russia to become the worlds leading producer of iron, much of which was exported to Britain. 以及But Russias potential for growth was limited too
20、, and in a few decades Russia would reach the barrier of inadequate energy that was already holding England back相符 迷惑选项 A 偷换概念，原文信息为by 1740 the British iron industry was stagnating.即英国的钢铁业已经停滞，而俄罗斯则进入become the worlds leading producer of iron C 原文无提及该信息 第3题 解析：词汇题。答案B abundant意为“丰富的，大量的”故选B: plentif
21、ul 迷惑选项 A reliable 意为“可信的，可靠的” C well-preserved意为“保存很好的，完好保存” D existing意为“存在的，现存的” 第4题 解析：修辞目的题。答案D 该信息为例子，起支持论证的作用。服务的对象为Coal was first used in Britain in the late Middle Ages as a source of heat 迷惑选项 A,B,C原文均无提及 第5题 解析：非真实信息题。答案A 原文无提及该信息。 迷惑选项 B,C,D对应原文信息为Both engines were extremely inefficient.
22、 Both burned coal to produce steam, which was then used to operate a pump相符 第6题 解析：词汇题。答案B gifted意为“有天赋的”故选B: talented 迷惑选项 A independent 意为“独立的” C famous意为“著名的” D ambitious 意为“有雄心壮志的” 第7题 解析：真实信息题。答案C 与原文信息After a series of observations, Watt saw that the New comens waste of energy could be reduced
23、 by adding a separate condenser.相符 迷惑选项 A 信息杂糅，原文无提及apply his understanding of physics to invent a variety of scientific instruments C 原文无提及该信息 D 与原文想矛盾，原文信息为waste of energy could be reduced by adding a separate condenser而不是it no longer needed a separate condenser. 第8题 解析：词汇题。答案C splendid意为“辉煌的；灿烂的”
24、故选C: magnificent 迷惑选项 A original 意为“原始的，最初的” B necessary 意为“必须的，必要的” D popular意为“流行的，受欢迎的” 第9题 解析：非真实信息题。答案C 原文无提及该信息 迷惑选项 A,B 对应原文信息为The use of powerful, steam-driven bellows in blast furnaces helped iron makers switch over rapidly from limited charcoal to unlimited coke (which is made from coal) i
25、n the smelting of pig iron D 对应原文信息为Cort also developed heavy-duty, steam-powered rolling mills, which were capable of producing finished iron in every shape and form. 第10题 解析：修辞目的题。答案C 该信息起支持论证的作用，服务的对象为The economic consequence of these technical innovations in steam power was a great boom in the B
26、ritish iron industry. 迷惑选项 A,B,D原文均无提及该信息 第11题 解析：词汇题。答案B indispensable意为“重要的，不可分割的”故选B: essential 迷惑选项 A advantageous 意为“有优势的” C less costly 意为“代价较小的，价格低廉的” D highly stimulating意为“极强刺激的” 第12题 解析：真实信息题。答案C 根据全文，原文提及增加煤的产量发明了第一台蒸汽机，然后继续改良带来的蒸汽的发展。 迷惑选项 A 原文无提及when steam-powered machinery was being tr
27、ied in farming activities B 原文无提及Russia and Britain developed steam-power technology simultaneously D 原文无提及Adaptations to steam engines required for their use in cotton-spinning mills led to radical developments 第13题 解析：句子插入题。答案A 被插入句子前文接Energy在英国的情况，后接vast forests在英国的情况。 第14题 By the eighteenth cent
28、ury, Britain was experiencing a severe shortage of energy. 3 4 6 Answer Choices: 1.The development of blast furnaces for the manufacture of pig iron made the Britain less dependent on wood. 解析：原文无提及该信息 2.After the medieval period, both Russia and Britain began to look for alternative sources of ener
29、gy, such as steam power, in order to maintain the growth of their iron industries. 解析：原文无提及both Russia and Britain began to look for alternative sources of energy 3.Two inventors designed the first steam engines in order to overcome the disadvantages of relying on horses to power the pumps used in m
30、ining coal. 解析：第一代蒸汽机的发明 4.James Watt was able to improve upon the efficiency of the steam engine and make it useful to several industries. 解析：瓦特对蒸汽机的改良 5.The puddling furnace increased the availability of charcoal to a variety of industries from cotton to iron production. 解析：细节性质选项The puddling furn
31、ace increased the availability of charcoal to a variety of industries 6.Steam power increased coal production, which in turn allowed extraordinary growth of the iron industry and the British economy. 解析：蒸汽机带来的煤产量的增长及其影响 Protection of Plants by Insects 第一段分析 介绍植物extrafloral nectaries的特点以及作用：吸引昆虫来保护植物
32、 第二段分析 具体介绍蚂蚁和植物之间的保护和提供能量的关系 第三段分析 进一步证明蚂蚁和植物之间的关系：蚂蚁保护植物 第四段分析 给出具体事例：ants attracted to extrafloral nectaries protectmorning glories against attacking insects 各种昆虫对植物的威胁 第五段分析 承接上段描述蚂蚁如何保护植物免受各种昆虫的侵害 文章结构分析 第1题 解析：真实信息题。答案B 与原文信息Like floral nectar, extrafloral nectar consists mainly of water with
33、a high content of dissolved sugars and, in some plants, small amounts of amino acids.相符 迷惑选项 A 原文无提及该信息 C 答非所问,原文提及该信息all extrafloral nectaries attract insects that will defend the plant但是为extrafloral nectaries的特点 D 原文无提及该信息 第2题 解析：词汇题。答案B persistent意为“持续的，持久的，固执的”故选B: they continue to defend plants
34、 for as long as the plants are threatened 第3题 解析：推理判断题。答案A 取非类infer. 原文信息为To return this favor, ants guard the nectaries, driving away or killing intruding insects that might compete with ants for nectar. 以及Many of these intruders are herbivorous and would eat the leaves of the plants.即为蚂蚁吃花蜜但是不吃叶子
35、迷惑选项 B 偷换概念，原文提及蚂蚁吃花蜜但是原文无提及live almost entirely on extrafloral nectar C 偷换概念，原文提及guard the nectaries但是原文无提及spend most of their energy guarding extrafloral nectaries D 原文无提及fight among themselves over extrafloral nectar 第4题 解析：真实信息题。答案C 与原文信息Biologists once thought that secretion of extrafloral nect
36、ar has some purely internal physiological function, and that ants provide no benefit whatsoever to the plants that secrete it.相符 迷惑选项 A,D 原文均无提及该信息 B 答非所问，原文提及Ants substantially benefit plants但是题干提问对象为the position of the opponents of the “protectionist” hypothesis? 第5题 解析：词汇题。答案B skeptical意为“怀疑的，有疑问
37、的”故选B: doubtful 迷惑选项 A curious意为“充满好奇心的” C open-minded意为“思维开放的” D practical意为“实际的，实用的” 第6题 解析：句子简化题。答案A 被简化的句子核心为一层：Barbara Bentley整理了相关的证据证明蚂蚁对植物有利 迷惑选项 B 信息错误，原句不包含called for additional proof的相关信息 C 信息错误，原文无提及proved that all prior studies were wrong. D 信息错误，原文无提及require many more observations and
38、experiments 第7题 解析：真实信息题。答案D 与原文信息Without their colorful corolla, flowers do not attract pollinators and are not fertilized相符 迷惑选项 A,B,D 原文无提及该信息 第8题 解析：词汇题。答案B devour意为“吞食；毁灭”，故选B: eat 迷惑选项 A attack意为“攻击，袭击” C damage意为“破坏，损坏” D prefer意为“更喜欢，倾向于” 第9题 解析：修辞目的题。答案A 针对关系提问的修辞目的题，上段提出One example shows h
39、ow ants attracted to extrafloral nectaries protect morning glories against attacking insects，本段承接继续解释ants如何保护植物免受其他昆虫的侵害 迷惑选项 B 信息概括错误，原文无提及first proved that ants benefit plants. C 信息概括错误，原文无提及how insects find sources of nectar D 关系概括错误，原文无提及information that partly contradicts the protectionist view
40、 第10题 解析：词汇题。答案C vulnerable意为“易受攻击的，脆弱的”故选C: open to attack 迷惑选项 A numerous意为“数量巨大的” B harmful意为“有害的，伤害的” D difficult to locate意为“很难定位的” 第11题 解析：真实信息题。答案C 与原文信息Bentley compares the seed production of six plants that grew where there were no ants with that of seventeen plants that were occupied by an
41、ts. Unprotected plants bore only 45 seeds per plant, but plants occupied by ants bore 211 seeds per plant相符 迷惑选项 A 偷换概念，原文信息为bore more seeds而不是选项提及的Many more plants grew in places where ants were present B 原文无提及The ants preferred plants with low seed production D 原文无提及The plants that grew in places
42、without ants were much smaller and weaker 第12题 解析：非真实信息题。答案A 原文提及Although ants are not big enough to kill or seriously injure grasshoppers, they drive them away by nipping at their feet而不是选项的driving adult beetles 迷惑选项 B,C,D对应原文信息为The ants prey on the adult beetles, disturb females as they lay their
43、eggs on developing fruits, and eat many of the eggs they do manage to lay 第13题 解析：句子插入题。答案C 被插入句子前接they的指代对象，且承接sometimes举例子，后接capture the insects后的相关内容 第14题 Many plants have extrafloral nectaries that produce nectar even during periods in which the plant is not flowering. 3 4 5 Answer Choices: 1.Ev
44、olutionary history shows that plants that produce extrafloral nectar originated in the tropics. 解析：细节性质的选项 2.Extrafloral nectar has a higher concentration of sugar than floral nectar and is more attractive to ants and other insects. 解析：细节性质的选项 3.The protectionist hypothesis is that extrafloral nexta
45、r attracts ants, and that the ants, in order to preserve this energy-rich food source, attack insects that might harm the plant. 解析：protectionist hypothesis即蚂蚁保护植物的具体内容 4.Evidence accumulated during the twentieth century proved that ants provide significant benefits for plants with extrafloral necta
46、ries. 解析：protectionist hypothesis及其证据 5.Research has shown that American morning glory plants that are protected by ants produce significantly more seeds than morning glory plants that are not protected by ants. 解析：关于蚂蚁对于植物保护的研究 6.Ants generally ignore small insects, but they will eat the adults of large insect species as well as their eggs and larvae. 解析：原文无提及Ants generally ignore small insects
