上海初一牛津英语重点讲解.docx

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1、上海初一牛津英语重点讲解重点讲解 一、动词 动词分为实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。 1实义动词，实义动词分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.).既无动词后需跟宾语，而不及物动词不能跟宾语，需要一个介词才能跟宾语。 及物动词：give, tell, send等He gave me a present. 不及物动词：work, swim, arrive,等He arrived late. 注：实义动词又可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词 2.系动词：本身有词义，不能单独用作谓语，必须跟表语构成系表结构 表状态类得系动词：be, remain, keep, stay, continue, s

2、tand, sit, lie, prove, turn out, work out, seem, appear etc. 如： The search proved difficult. 表告感觉类得系动词：feel, smell, sound, taste, look etc. 如： This flower smells very sweet. 表变化类得系动词：become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run, make etc. 如： He became a doctor two years ago. 变化类系动词辨析 go 由好到坏或由正常到不常的

3、变化“保持” go bad；go blind；go mad; go hungry (unreported, unnoticed) come变成为；证实为come true; come right run“变成” run short；run dry turn成为与以前完全不同的东西。多接表示颜色或天气的形容词或不带冠词的名词。如：The trees turn red in autumn. fall“进入；成为” fall asleep； fall ill； fall lame； fall silent get “变成，变得起 来”。较口语化。强调“逐渐后接形容词、分词、介词短语。”如：The d

4、ays are getting longer and longer. become “成为”，普通用语，多表示过去完成的事。become+a(n)+名词如： He became angry with me. grow“渐渐变得起来；长得”，强调其变化过程。常可接表示天气的形容词。 如：Its growing warm. appear“显得，好像”，常用于正式文体中。指给他人的表面印象，有时含有实质上并非如此之意。appear to be/adj./n./prep. appear to do;It appears that.;appear as if/though 如：The river app

5、eared as if enveloped in smog. seem“似乎，好像”。 指说话人内心的估计与判断，有一定依据，接近于实际情况。seem to be/adj./n./prep.seem to do；It seems that.;seems as if /though如： She seemed as if she couldnt understand why Laura was there . look“好像，看起来”，一般用于非正式场合。侧重由视觉得到的印象。look+adj./n./prep. look like;look as if/though 如： It looks as

6、 if we are going to have snow. 3.助动词：本身没有词义，用以帮助构成时态、语态、否定句、疑问句、倒装句等结构。不可单独使用，须与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语。如：be, have, do, shall和 will的各种形式如： Never will I come back 助动词的用法 助动词有be (am, is, are, was, were, been), have(has, had), do(does, did), will(would), shall(should)。它们本身没有词义，只和实义动词的一定形式构成复合谓语，用来表示时态和语态，构成否定、疑问

7、及加强语气等。 助动词be (am, is, are, were, been)的用法 结构 用法 例句 be+现在分词 构成进行时态 They are having a meeting. be+过去分词 构成被动语态 The window was broken by Tom. He is to go to New York next week. be to do sth. 表示计划、安排或命令 be going to do sth. 表示计划或有迹象表明将要发生Look at the dark clouds. Its going to rain. 某事 助动词have (has, had)的用

8、法 结构 用法 例句 have+过去分词 构成完成时态 He has left for London. Have you seen the film? He had left for London before I came. What have you been doing these days? have been+现在分词 构成完成进行时态 助动词do(does, did) 的用法 结构 用法 例句 do+主语+动词原形 构成一般疑问句 Did you study German? do not+动词原形 构成实义动词的否定形式 I do not want to be criticized

9、. do+动词原形 用于祈使句或陈述句中加强He did buy a new car yesterday. 语气 Do do some work. My mother told me to go to bed early. So I did. 代替前面刚出现的动词以避免重复 4. 情态动词：无人称和数的变化。表示说话人的情感、态度、语气、命令、推测等。必须和动词原形连用构成谓语(ought除外) 如：can (could), may (might), shall (should), will (would), must, need, dare如： We cant carry the heavy

10、 box. 5.主动形式表被动意义的用法 need, want, require(要求，需要), deserve(应得，值得), be worth(值得)，后面接doing主动形式表被动意义。如： The book is worth reading. These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully. Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut). 不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系

11、，又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系，不定式要用主动表被动含义。如： I have much work to do. 比较：I have a letter to be typed. 不定式作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时(主语+系动词+形容词+不定式)，如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义时(difficult, easy, comfortable, convenient, hard, cheap, expensive,etc.)，不定式用主动表被动。如： The question is difficult to answer. The work is easy to do.(=Its easy t

12、o do the work.) 有些动词(短语)只有主动形式，常视为主动表被动。 take place, happen, break out等。如： A big fire happened/took place/broke out last night. 一些动词,如:sell(销售), wash(洗), clean(打扫), burn(燃烧), cook(煮), write(写)等与副词,如:well(好), easily(容易地), perfectly(十分地)等连用，描绘事物的特性，用主动表被动，结构是：主语+动词+副词。如： The book sells well. These clo

13、thes wash easily. The pen writes well. 2、begin to do sth 和 begin doing sth 是什么意思？ begin to do something和beging doing something都有表示开始干什么事情的意思, 但是有不同 begin doing something特别指很强烈的持续性.比如: He began smoking three years ago(他三年前开始抽烟)既开始养成习惯 This year the rainy season came earlier than before, it began rain

14、ing in June(今年的雨季比以前来的早,在六月就下雨了) begin to do something表示一件事情的开端,持续与否不重用. 比如: Its beginning to rain, we had better hurry home(下雨了,我们快回家吧) 1) 谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing. How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 你几岁时开始弹钢琴？ 2) begin, start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to do I was beginning to get angry。

15、 我开始生起气来。 3) 在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。 I begin to understand the truth。 我开始明白真相。 4) 物作主语时 It began to melt. 2/及物动词和非及物动词的区别是什么？ 及物动词后面可直接接宾语，不及物动词后面不可直接接宾语，一般要加介词后再接宾语。实际上很多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。我举一个例子，就说write。如I am writing.和I am writing a letter.在前一个句子wr

16、ite是不及物动词，在后一个句子write是及物动词。又如，see是及物动词，但在特殊情况下如seeing is believing。 3、及物动词和不及物动词 不及物动词 不及物动词本身意义完整，后面不需要接宾语。 例如： The rainstopped. 雨停了。 What happened yesterday? 昨天发生了什么？ 注意：不及物动词没有被动语态。 及物动词 及物动词后面必须接宾语的动词叫做及物动词。有的动词必须接一个宾语，有的必须接两个宾语。 单宾语 Hes reading a magazine. 他正在读一本杂志。 双宾语 Mr Zhang teaches us Engl

17、ish. 张老师教我们英语。 复合宾语必须接一个宾语同时接一个补语 We often hear him sing in the park. 我们经常听到他在公园里唱歌。 下面的动词只能加不定式作宾语: 1.agree to do sth 2.arrange to do sth 3.decide to do sth 4.hope to do sth 同意做某事 安排做某事 决定做某事 希望做某事 5.ought to do sth 6.promise to do sth 7.refuse to do sth 8.seem to do sth 应该做某事 承诺做某事 拒绝做某事 好像做某事 9.w

18、ant to do sth 10.plan to do sth 11. pretend to do sth 12.wish to do sth 想要做某事 计划做某事 假装做某事 希望做某事 12.prepare to do sth 13.appear to do stn 14.disagree to do sth 准备做某事 好像做某事 不同意做某事 下面的动词只能加不定式作宾语补足语： 1.elect sb to do sth 2.allow sb to do sth 3.tell sb to do sth 4.ask sb to do sth 选举某人做某事 允许某人做某事 告诉某人做某

19、事 问某人做某事 5. 下面的动词既可以加不定式也可以加动名词： 1.like to do sth 2.forget to do sth 3.love to do sth 4.hate to do sth doing sth doing sth doing sth doing sth 喜欢做某事 忘记做某事 喜爱做某事 讨厌做某事 5.begin to do sth 6.start to do sth 7.remember to do sth doing sth doing sth doing sth 开始做某事 开始做某事 记得做某事 下面的动词只能加动名词： 1.suggest doing

20、 sth 2.practise doing sth 3.enjoy doing sth 4.finish doing sth 建议做某事 练习做某事 喜爱做某事 完成做某事 4、Its time句型 Its time句型是中学英语里使用频率较高的句型，其意为“该是的时候了”。 用法灵活多变，也是大家以掌握的句型。现就其有关句式归纳如下： Its time for +n. “该是的时候了。”例： Boys and girl, Its time for class. 同学们，该上课了。 Its time + (for sb.) to do sth. 表示“该是干的时候了。”例： Its time

21、for you to clean the classroom. 该是你打扫教室的时候了。 Its time to go to school. 该去上学了。 Its time + that clause 时，that可省略，time可由high,about修饰，从句中的谓语动词有两种形式，或者用动词的过去式(be用were)；或者用shoud + 动词原形we went to bed. 我们该去睡觉了。 Its high time that the article were published. 发表这篇文章是适时的。 Its time you should do cleaning. 你该去打扫

22、卫生了。 Its + the/序数词+ time +to do sth. 表示某人第几次做某事。例： It is my first time to write letter in English. 这是我第一次用英语写信。 Its + the + 序数词+ time+ that clause.也 表示某人第几次做某事。例： It is my first time that Ive even written letters. 这是我第一次用写信。 5、Usually usually英音：ju:uli美音：juul 词典解释 usually 副词 ad. 通常地;惯常地 频度副词，放在be 动词后面，如She is usually happy。放在行为动词之前，如She uaually goes to school on foot。 usually比often更高一级 表示发生的次数更多,更频繁