0506中国IT市场商机研究报告.doc

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1、05-06年中国IT市场商机研究报告随着中国IT市场的不断发展,整体IT市场的结构进入了快速调整期,传统硬件产品的市场和技术已经日渐成熟,增长逐渐放缓,而软件和IT服务的收入比例增长迅速。CBIResearch预测2005年中国IT市场中软件和IT服务收入之和将达到整个IT市场的35%,至2008年将持续增长到50%以上,等于甚至大于硬件收入在整个IT市场中的比例,这也是IT市场进入成熟期的重要标志。 然而硬件产品依然是中国IT市场的主力军,硬件产品的市场份额继续保持增长,市场中不断有新品推出,产品的性能和参数也不断提高,平均价格稳步下降,下图为进两年中国IT市场主要IT硬件产品的销售情况。

2、那么目前的中国IT市场会给各业界带来哪些机遇和挑战呢?特别是针对厂商和渠道商,会在这样的市场环境下获得哪些机会呢?CBIResearch分别针对整体IT市场、硬件市场、软件和IT服务市场以及互联网市场几个方面的商机进行了深入的研究。 从国际IT市场上看,根据国外调研机构数据显示,2005年时全球信息技术服务的商机预料可较目前增长一倍,达1.4万亿美元。其中,亚太地区的增长率将居全球之冠,预估亚太地区信息技术服务的支出将从去年的377亿美元大幅增长至2005年的1248亿美元。 从国家宏观经济情况上看,我国新一轮的经济增长、申奥成功带来的数字奥运工程将给中国IT市场带来新的商机。 从国家政策方面

3、来看,中国的信息化建设始于1993年,“三金工程”的发布是启动阶段的重要标志;而1997年4月2000年10月是开展阶段,国家信息化“九五”规划和2010年远景目标的通过表示中国信息化建设开始有领导、有规划、有组织地展开;而2000年10月后则进入全面的发展阶段,成立了国家信息化领导小组,召开4次重要会议,并公布和讨论了大量法律、法规、标准等。今年,中国政府还公布了国务院办公厅关于加快电子长足发展的若干意见,这是中国第一个电子商务政策性文件,不仅阐明了发展电子商务对中国国民经济和社会发展的作用,还提出了一系列促进电子商务发展的具体措施。 根据调查数据显示,如图1,2004年中国信息化IT投入额

4、达到2549.8亿元,预计2005年中国信息化IT投入将增加13.2%,达到2886.6亿元;而到2007年这个数字预计将攀升为3817.4亿元。也就是说,未来3年中国信息化的IT投入总额将超过一万亿元。 由以上数据可以看出,优惠政策的推动和信息化商机的拉动,确定不疑的把商机推到了整个IT产业面前。在国内的商业环境下,抓住重大工程的机会,在很多时候往往会成就一个行业。而对于IT行业来说,政府、电信是未来3年最主要的一大商机,根据调查数据显示,由于电子政务的推进,2005年政府行业仍然会是“最大的买家”,将占据采购总额的15%,其中社保、税务、公安又是投入最多的系统,而审计、财政的增长最快。到2

5、006年,采购大户的位置则将再次被电信行业夺回,由于3G、上市以及企业内部改革这些激增电信行业IT采购的因素,预计2007年电信行业的IT采购将达到760.6亿元。 从消费市场上看,根据调查数据显示,2004年中国消费IT 业迅猛发展,显示出巨大的发展潜力,销售额达到616.8亿元,预计2009年能达到1596.4亿元,未来五年的CAGR(年均复合增长率)为20.9%。由于机顶盒、平板电视、MP3、数码相机以及数码摄像机等市场进一步繁荣,作为整个IT产业主要动力的PC产业,其主导地位由此面临巨大的挑战。以网络及数字家庭为基础的应用蒸蒸日上,显示出消费IT市场从产品导向到应用导向的明显转变。与家

6、庭娱乐市场相比,消费类PC 相关产品(包括外设和软件)增长平缓,从销售额方面来看,2004年到2009年的年均复合增长率仅为8.3%,主要是因为家用PC销量的爆发期已过,销量的基数已经很大,且价格下降趋势明显,目前已经进入平稳发展阶段。 硬件市场 以PC(包括台式机、笔记本、服务器)、外设(显示器、打印机、投影机等)产品为代表的硬件市场早已进入了市场成熟期,随着技术和市场的不断发展,各厂商间的竞争也进入了白热化,产品日渐普及,销量增长平缓,利润率逐步降低。 台式机市场 台式机产品的销量在缓步增长,增长率会受市场采购旺季和淡季的影响变化,但总体呈下降趋势,如图3所示,三、四级城市市场销量增长远远

7、高于一、二级市场。目前中国的省会级城市台式机市场已趋于饱和,许多厂商已将目光投向了地市级及县级市场,而联想、海尔等厂商以将目标定位于了农村市场。CBIResearch认为,中国众多的地市、县以及镇级市场仍有巨大的市场潜力可挖,开发三、四级以及其以下市场将是未来几年台式机产品市场的一个发展方向。 笔记本市场 随着产品配置的不断提高和价格的不断走低,预计在明年中国笔记本市场将真正进入高速增长期,2006年销量将超过250万台,增长率为22.7%;从今年以来,价格在10000元以下的笔记本将成为主流机型,市场份额将不断扩大,在2006年将占据一半左右的市场份额;从产品的角度上看,目前更多的消费者在合

8、适的价位上更注重笔记本的外型和重量。CBIResearch认为低价机和价格在10000左右的平板电脑将会给各厂商和经销商带来新的商机。 服务器市场 随着中小企业的加速成长和全国各地教育网络的建设,中国PC服务器市场发展前景十分乐观,国际服务器厂商和国内服务器厂商将研发和销售推广的重点仍然放在了工作组级服务器和部门级服务器上,中小型企业、政府和学校仍然是厂商和经销商竞相追逐的对象。 中国显示器市场的用户主要集中在个人消费,银行,政府,以及网吧几个重点行业,随着近年来我国网吧行业的迅猛发展,以及银行,政府,教育行业的信息化建设力度加大,很大程度上促进了显示器的发展和普及,从图8可以看出,今年上半年

9、中国显示器市场增长幅度较大。近两年来,行业用户“分离采购”的方式大大增加了显示器产品在行业市场中的市场份额。CBIResearch认为,显示器市场在未来几年内不会有大的变化,行业市场的份额将有所提高,但是市场的焦点依然会集中在个人消费市场,因此谁能赢得个人消费者的青睐,谁将赢得更多的市场。 打印机市场 国内打印机市场一直处于较为稳定的增长水平,通过国内外各大品牌在产品技术、市场渠道以及品牌策略等等变革,市场竞争显得尤为激烈,区域市场的重要性也更显突出,比如今年华南市场的市场竞争就特别激烈;另一方面,今年行业类采购进入高潮,湖北、黑龙江等地的行单使得华南,华中,东北市场增长较快,西南地区的增长集

10、中在云南和贵州地区;从渠道角度看,采取渐趋扁平化的复合型渠道架构,是打印机市场竞争的必然产物,零售渠道的价值将更多得被厂商认可,各厂商都非常重视终端形象,代理/分销模式依然是中国市场上打印机厂商主流的渠道模式;从产品的角度看,随着不同用户的需求出现,打印产品也必须随之进行细分,从而能够满足用户的多样化需求。随着技术的发展,激光打印机、多功能一体机等产品随着价格的下降逐渐普及,将成为未来几年打印机市场竞争的焦点,特别是多功能一体机,已经成为近两年打印市场中增长速度最快的产品。 投影机市场 中国投影机市场的用户目前还主要集中在政府、教育、商务等几个重点行业,投影机产品与台式机、打印机等硬件产品相比

11、差别较大,投影机进入中国市场较晚,应用面也较窄,近年来我国的教育信息化和政府信息化建设很大程度上促进了投影机的发展和普及,与国外市场相比,投影机产品的潜在市场-个人消费用户市场在中国还未形成,个人消费投影机产品的市场份额还微乎其微,CBIResearch认为,目前的中国投影机市场的机会仍将集中在政府、教育、商务这三大重点行业,随着数字家庭的普及和发展,投影机将被更多地应用到个人消费之中。 软件和IT服务市场 归纳起来,10年来中国软件、服务大致经历了四个发展阶段: 1.服务无价值形态阶段(上世纪九十年代中期)。服务和软件的价格完全涵盖在硬件价格之中,消费者看不到服务价格或服务市场。IT服务和软

12、件市场的比率相加,仅为整个市场的8%左右。 2.保修外服务阶段(上世纪九十年代末期)。服务价值开始一定比例地出现。如,产品在保修期内,服务是免费的。超过这个期限后,服务价值开始体现。服务最直接的存在形式是产品支持和产品维护。 3.解决方案阶段(本世纪初期)。在这个阶段,用户又经历了从接受系统集成,到采纳总体解决方案的认识提升过程。因为系统越来越复杂,用户技术力量不足,于是开始为系统硬件环境的整合等集成服务付费,此后,逐渐过渡到购买基于企业商业运作环境和效益提升的总体解决方案等相关咨询服务。在厂商签约的合同里,软件、服务的金额比例越来越高。服务、软件都拥有了独立的价值形态。 4.外包服务阶段(现

13、阶段)。软件服务价值形态的转变,正在从根本上变革着中国人的服务意识。显著标志是,外包服务正逐渐被企业用户接受,服务正在从系统维护向更深层发展,系统建好后,用户将部分或全部IT系统甚至整个IT部门交由服务方管理,由服务方调配最佳的人力资源提供更加专业、高质量的服务。客户会关注和提出战略要求,不再关心技术细节,并且只为结果付费。这种外包服务通常又分为系统运营维护外包、硬件系统外包、人力资源外包等等。 发展到现阶段的软件市场已经成为了中国IT市场一个新的增长点,软件市场的发展对整体中国IT市场有着重要的意义。近年来中国软件市场发展迅速,尤其是针对企业用户的管理软件充当了主力军,ERP、CRM、BPM

14、、BI等大型管理软件增长迅猛。2004年,很多软件厂商都以积极的“中国战略”进入中国市场,一些国际厂商也被中国软件市场的快速增长所吸引,纷纷增加在中国的投资或在中国直接建立全球研发中心,同时也加强了在国内的市场开拓力度。 中国幅员辽阔,渠道战略在中国软件市场尤为重要,厂商们对渠道和增值服务合作伙伴,特别是系统集成商(SIs)、独立软件开发商(ISVs)和VARs等的依赖程度越来越大。CBIResearch认为,软件增值代理将成为一大商机。以目前国内软件市场的热点ERP软件为例,2004年上半年,中国通用型管理软件市场规模为22.7亿元,而ERP软件同期则达到11.9亿元。ERP软件已占据中国管

15、理软件市场的52.4%,超过一半的份额。国外厂商SAP、甲骨文则依靠强大的技术实力,盘踞着ERP软件的高端市场,国内的各大软件厂商如用友、金碟、DCMS等也都把重心转向了中低端ERP软件市场,并大力拓展渠道。相对传统的IT渠道而言,ERP软件渠道是一个新兴的行当,它的诞生主要源于三方面的推动:首先是ERP软件整体应用环境的成熟,尤其是近年来中小企业的飞速发展对ERP软件产生了巨大的需求,ERP软件从概念回归到了实实在在的应用;其次是ERP软件厂商业务拓展的需要。在资金和人员有限的情况下,软件厂商为了使自己的ERP软件产品能够覆盖到全国各地的目标客户,把产品推广、实施服务等工作交给渠道合作伙伴无

16、疑是大势所趋。 随着软、硬件市场的发展,在客户挑选厂商的标准中,服务变得更加重要。目前,服务的价值已被广泛认可,国内的IT服务基本上处于上述的后三个阶段共存的时期。客户逐渐认识到,购买到好的产品还远远不够,与之相关的咨询、使用、支持和培训服务是非常重要的,将会影响到整个项目的最终结果。提供更好的服务将是IT厂商成功的关键。所以,CBIResearch认为,在中国IT市场硬件和软件的利润逐渐缩水的情况下,服务能为各厂商和渠道商带来丰厚的利润,成为新的增长点,是未来几年中中国IT市场最大的商机。 互联网市场 在我国互联网行业短短10余年的发展时间里,门户网站、搜索引擎、IM(即时通信)技术就先后制

17、造了三波互联网发展浪潮,为搏弈市场者带来一次次商机。随着融合(计算机与通信融合)与分离(通信服务与通信网络的分离)成为大势所趋,一个倡导“无限沟通自由”的新时代也如期而至。网络通信,承载着开创“网络通信时代”的使命,以不可阻挡之势悄然激起互联网行业的第四次发展浪潮,CBIResearch认为网络视频将成为互联网产业中的最有潜力的一大商机。 无限沟通自由,是人类一直在追求的梦想。尽管通信和IT技术发展到今天,已经可以帮助人类用语音或文本实现零距离沟通,但利用视频通信对绝大多数人而言依然比较遥远。然而无论是个人用户还是企业用户,都对多方式跨平台、综合文本和音视频、更便捷畅通的通信服务有着根本需求。

18、这就要求新一代的通信工具显然必须具备这些特征。如今,宽带网络的普及以及计算机与通信的融合使得开发这种通信工具成为可能。宽带网络使IP视频应用变得越来越强大,计算机与通信融合则能实现跨平台的平滑、无缝沟通。目前,基于IP视频应用的“网络视频”被公认为新一代的互联网通信工具。 初步表现出网络通信应用特征的IM(即时通信)应用,在近几年的蓬勃发展为网络通信应用的潜力做出了最好的脚注。但语音和视频通信在以(文本+即时)为特征的IM应用中始终处于边缘状态。加上IM应用娱乐化的发展方向更是很难在网络通信的发展轨迹上有所突破。深挖网络通信应用潜力的使命理所当然落在了“网络视频”身上。 机遇摆在眼前,技术已经

19、成熟,应用已经成型,市场前景被广泛看好,摆在网络通信服务前面的似乎是条坦途。然而我国网络通信技术发展和产业发展的速度远远超过监管匹配的速度的现实,却决定了相关政策法规的模糊空白。尽管这种情况在目前世界上并不罕见。例如在欧美发达地区,各个政府的政策对网络电话的态度也不尽相同:澳大利亚、法国、加拿大等国将网络电话与传统电话同等看待,实行严格的特许经营;在瑞典、德国、芬兰等国,网络电话的经营几乎完全放开。事实上任何不受政策法规保护的新兴业务在竞争中都只能处于被动的不利局面。监督机构政策是否能够尽快出台将是决定网络通信市场成长速度的关键。Editors note: Judson Jones is a

20、meteorologist, journalist and photographer. He has freelanced with CNN for four years, covering severe weather from tornadoes to typhoons. Follow him on Twitter: jnjonesjr (CNN) - I will always wonder what it was like to huddle around a shortwave radio and through the crackling static from space hea

21、r the faint beeps of the worlds first satellite - Sputnik. I also missed watching Neil Armstrong step foot on the moon and the first space shuttle take off for the stars. Those events were way before my time.As a kid, I was fascinated with what goes on in the sky, and when NASA pulled the plug on th

22、e shuttle program I was heartbroken. Yet the privatized space race has renewed my childhood dreams to reach for the stars.As a meteorologist, Ive still seen many important weather and space events, but right now, if you were sitting next to me, youd hear my foot tapping rapidly under my desk. Im anx

23、ious for the next one: a space capsule hanging from a crane in the New Mexico desert.Its like the set for a George Lucas movie floating to the edge of space.You and I will have the chance to watch a man take a leap into an unimaginable free fall from the edge of space - live.The (lack of) air up the

24、re Watch man jump from 96,000 feet Tuesday, I sat at work glued to the live stream of the Red Bull Stratos Mission. I watched the balloons positioned at different altitudes in the sky to test the winds, knowing that if they would just line up in a vertical straight line we would be go for launch.I f

25、eel this mission was created for me because I am also a journalist and a photographer, but above all I live for taking a leap of faith - the feeling of pushing the envelope into uncharted territory.The guy who is going to do this, Felix Baumgartner, must have that same feeling, at a level I will nev

26、er reach. However, it did not stop me from feeling his pain when a gust of swirling wind kicked up and twisted the partially filled balloon that would take him to the upper end of our atmosphere. As soon as the 40-acre balloon, with skin no thicker than a dry cleaning bag, scraped the ground I knew

27、it was over.How claustrophobia almost grounded supersonic skydiverWith each twist, you could see the wrinkles of disappointment on the face of the current record holder and capcom (capsule communications), Col. Joe Kittinger. He hung his head low in mission control as he told Baumgartner the disappo

28、inting news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunday.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsu

29、le attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) a

30、nd into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause), he can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (22.7 miles/36.53 kilometers). Here, Fearless Felix will unclip. He will roll back the door.Then, I would assume, h

31、e will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It w

32、ill be like he is diving into the shallow end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But th

33、is will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000

34、 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed

35、that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).It might not be the moon, but Kittinger free fell from 102,800 feet in 1960 - at the dawn of an infamous space race that captured the hearts of many. Baumgartner will attempt to bre

36、ak that record, a feat that boggles the mind. This is one of those monumental moments I will always remember, because there is no way Id miss this.Editors note: Judson Jones is a meteorologist, journalist and photographer. He has freelanced with CNN for four years, covering severe weather from torna

37、does to typhoons. Follow him on Twitter: jnjonesjr (CNN) - I will always wonder what it was like to huddle around a shortwave radio and through the crackling static from space hear the faint beeps of the worlds first satellite - Sputnik. I also missed watching Neil Armstrong step foot on the moon an

38、d the first space shuttle take off for the stars. Those events were way before my time.As a kid, I was fascinated with what goes on in the sky, and when NASA pulled the plug on the shuttle program I was heartbroken. Yet the privatized space race has renewed my childhood dreams to reach for the stars

39、.As a meteorologist, Ive still seen many important weather and space events, but right now, if you were sitting next to me, youd hear my foot tapping rapidly under my desk. Im anxious for the next one: a space capsule hanging from a crane in the New Mexico desert.Its like the set for a George Lucas

40、movie floating to the edge of space.You and I will have the chance to watch a man take a leap into an unimaginable free fall from the edge of space - live.The (lack of) air up there Watch man jump from 96,000 feet Tuesday, I sat at work glued to the live stream of the Red Bull Stratos Mission. I wat

41、ched the balloons positioned at different altitudes in the sky to test the winds, knowing that if they would just line up in a vertical straight line we would be go for launch.I feel this mission was created for me because I am also a journalist and a photographer, but above all I live for taking a

42、leap of faith - the feeling of pushing the envelope into uncharted territory.The guy who is going to do this, Felix Baumgartner, must have that same feeling, at a level I will never reach. However, it did not stop me from feeling his pain when a gust of swirling wind kicked up and twisted the partia

43、lly filled balloon that would take him to the upper end of our atmosphere. As soon as the 40-acre balloon, with skin no thicker than a dry cleaning bag, scraped the ground I knew it was over.How claustrophobia almost grounded supersonic skydiverWith each twist, you could see the wrinkles of disappoi

44、ntment on the face of the current record holder and capcom (capsule communications), Col. Joe Kittinger. He hung his head low in mission control as he told Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunday.The weather plays an important role i

45、n this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It

46、 will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause), he can expect a lot of turbulence.The

47、 balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (22.7 miles/36.53 kilometers). Here, Fearless Felix will unclip. He will roll back the door.Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom

48、of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the s

49、peed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be

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