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1、Name:ShalinExperience:I Gratuated from English Major and passed CET-6with high marks,especillay on Writing.Almost 2 years teaching on English,mainly on New Concept English in Well Education,later inShiny Light English Training School.,who am I?,1,TASK 1 雅思写作 图表篇,我们一起来突破,2,3,2014备考建议,1.跳出图形分类，更多关注图形的
2、动静表达（上升下降为主，还是大小为主）Sample C4-T4(1个线性图和1个柱状图，结合了上升下降和大小的描述）2.高分要点：描述总体趋势，表达方式要多样化 3.破除对地图和流程图的恐惧（C9T1地图题，C8T3流程图）,4,备考策略,1.熟记常用单词、词组和句型的用法。2.灵活处理单词，运用有把握的词3.多用被动语态4.使用必要的衔接词5.减少语法错误6.考试中保持平常心态,5,图表5种类型,A.Chart 1.Pie chart 饼图 2.Line Chart 线图 3.Bar Chart 柱状图B.Table 表格 C.Flow Chart 流程图,6,图标类别（chartgraph
3、diagram）,bar,pie,line,table,7,写作要求,第一 客观性不能有想象成分，总结归纳要符合逻辑。第二 准确性数据要求精确（不抄错），可以合理目测（大概数值）。第三 详尽性4类特征数据一定介绍：最大值（maximum），最小值（minimum），交叉点（intersection），变化趋势（trend）。,8,写作步骤,1.理解题目,把握整体2.浏览图标的文字信息（标题、标注、单位、注解、坐标轴代表的信息）3.浏览图标的数字信息4.定框架，写文章5.检查错误,9,需要注意的主要问题,1.时态：图表作文大部分时间使用过去时态，因为出现的数据一般都是以往的统计数据.但是如果图表
4、里没有出现任何以往的年度，或者没有显示过去的统计数据，那么用一般现在时比较理想。在少数情况下，图标作文会出现预期值，这个时候就要用将来时态；在使用将来时态的时候尽量避免用will，这样的词语气过分肯定，可以用其他的说法，像be likely to,be predicted/expected/forecast to.,10,2.语言：雅思图表作文需要正式的书面语言，强调客观和准确，要注意减少第一人称的使用，减少非正式的说法。3.副词的位置：动词后面类似副词：dramatically,steadily,considerably,sharply,steeply,moderately,slightly
5、,11,4.被动：在小作文中，表示上升和下降的单词一般都是不及物动词，没有被动语态。The weight of the service sector in GDP was dropped（）from 80 percent in 1980 to over 70 percent in 1990,12,柱状图 Bar Chart,观察方法：把相同属性的柱子顶端连起来写作技巧：抓重点描述数据 找到对比鲜明的那一对描述清楚，其他的可以一带而过注意：数据太多的时候,起点，结点和数量相等点必写，倍数点必写。,13,The graph below shows the different modes of tr
6、ansport used to travel to and from work in one European city in 1960,1980 and 2000.,14,15,柱状图线状图,四线图分类增长的 car 减少的 bus波动的 train tube,16,1960,1980,2000,17,P1,The graph below shows the different modes of transport used to travel to and from work in one European city in 1960,1980 and 2000.题目The bar grap
7、h shows the changing patterns in commuting by train,car,tube or bus for commuters in one European city in the years 1960,1980 and 2000.,18,P2,The number of people using trains at first rose from just under 20%in 1960 to about 26%in 1980,but then fell back to about 23%in 2000.,19,P3,Use of the tube w
8、as relatively stable,falling from around 27%of commuters in 1960 to 22%in 1980,but climbing back to reach 25%by 2000.,20,P4,On the other hand,the use of cars increased steadily from just over 5%in 1960 to 23%in 1980,reaching almost 40%by 2000,whereas the popularity of buses has declined since 1960,f
9、alling from just under 35%in 1960 to 27%in 1980 and only 15%in 2000.,21,剑4P78,The chart below shows the different levels of post-school qualification in Australia and the proportion of men and women who held them in 1999.,22,The chart below shows the average earnings per week,in pounds sterling,of p
10、eople with different levels of education living in the UK between 1965 and 1995.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information.,1.1 Analyzing the Data,23,Average Earnings Per Week,24,Rewrite the data to make it easier to review.,25,Looking For Expectations,Unexpected Findings an
11、d Trends,How to analyze the data?,26,An increase in earnings over the thirty-year period.The higher a persons education,the greater will be their earnings.,Expectations,27,Trends,1.There was an overall increase in earnings across the board.2.Over the thirty-year period,there was a big increase in ea
12、rnings amongst people with high school certificates(85).,28,3.There was a gradual increase in earning amongst people with a university degree.4.The increase in earnings for the whole period was less for people with a Bachelors degree(60)than for people with a Masters or Doctoral degree(70).,29,Dont
13、simply list the changes that took place.Explain how the changes happened,compared to other data in the chart.Look for differences between the categories and within the categories.,1.2 Developing your ideas,30,Comparing And Contrasting The Data,Compared toExample:Compared to high school leavers,unive
14、rsity graduates earned a high salary in 1965.In contrastExample:In 1965,people with a Masters or a Doctoral degree only earned slightly more than people with a Bachelors degree.In contrast,however,university graduates earned far more than school leavers(中学毕业生).,31,Significant differenceExample:Betwe
15、en 1965 and 1985,there was a significant difference in the earnings between high school leavers and university graduates.,32,开始写作,当我们面对一堆数据无从下手的时候，一般来说，阅读数据可以遵循以下原则：时间，最高原则：1，如果出现一组时间，从时间最早的开始描述：比如1979-1999年，从1979开始描述。2，如果同一年代出现可以比较的数据，那么从最高值开始描述；比如1979年出现几国家的数据，那么从最高值开始描述。3，如果没有出现年份，那么就关注最高值，从最高值开始
16、描述（pie,bar）,33,不全部描述原则不要描述所有的数据。注意描述最低的数据和最有特点的数值，而不是单个数据；在line图中，主要描述的是趋势而不是单个数据，但是数据必须提到,比如最大值和最小值；在其他三图标中，把近似的数据分类，一起描述。结束原则Line图中以最后出现的数值结束；其他三种图标以最低值结束描述。,34,分段,介绍段主体段总结段,35,介绍段,介绍段可以参照作文的题目，但是千万不能照抄题目，我们改写题目的方法主要有四种：1，改变关键词的词性。2，改变关键词的位置,比如改变主语。3，用同义词取代其中的某一些词。4，灵活加入图标的文字信息,36,Example：题目：The g
17、raphs below show the enrolments(注册，登记)of oversea and local students in Britains universities改写：The charts provide information about the overseas students and local students enrolled(注册，登记)in Britains universities from 1989 to 1999图标题介绍段万能模板：The lineschartsdiagrams(单复数自己看清)describeillustratedemonstra
18、te summariseprovide the information aboutfrom.to.(加年份)namely.,.,and.(没年份只有类别的情况),37,主题段落,第一句话：描述图表显著的趋势或特征，其余句子按照之前提到的原则描述即可。趋势和特征可以是整体的趋势，最大值或者变化最大值。每一句话：每一句话必须有三个组成部分，分别是文字信息，数字信息和比较。文字信息（主导）数字信息（辅助）,38,Example1:The average US family had 4.5 people in 1915,3.3 in 1967 and 2.6 in 2006.改后：Average fa
19、mily size in the US has been shrinking,from 3.3 people in 1967 to 2.6 people in 2006,compared with 4.5 people in 1915,39,Example2:America had a property crime rate of 1250 in 100000 people,and China experienced a rate of 529 per 100000 inhabitants.改后：The property crime rate in China was relatively l
20、ow,529 per 100000 people,less than half the rate in America,40,总结段,图表作文中的总结段可写可不写，可视字数而定，但是我建议你们写，可以使文章看起来更加完整。写什么：总结文中最主要的信息或者是最重要的趋势即可。,41,词汇与句型,主体段第一句话：1，It is clear from the图标的类型 that.2,According to the 图标的类型 that.3,As shown in the图标的类型,4,As can be seen from the 图标的类型 that5,It is apparent from t
21、he图标的类型 that,42,主题段第二句开头：“具体怎么说”To be more exact=more exactlyTo be more precise=more preciselyTo be more specific=more specifically,43,上升（verb）:go up/rise/grow/increase/ascend急剧上升（verb）:Jump/surge/shoot up/soar下降（verb）:Decline/fall/drop/sink/dip/decrease/decend急剧下降（verb）Plummet/plunge,44,上升（n.）An in
22、crease/a rise/a growth/an upturn/a surge/an upsurge/an upward trend下降（n.）A fall/a decrease/a decline/a drop/a downturn/a downturn trend,45,表示急剧，幅度大的形容词：Sharp/dramatic/drastic/rapid/precipitous/steep/marked/substantial/significant 副词加 ly表示缓慢，小幅度的形容词：Gradual/steady/gentle/slow/moderate/slight 副词加 ly,4
23、6,表示波动（verb+n.）:Fluctuate/a fluctuation表示稳定在某个水平面上：Stablize at./reach a plateau at/Remain/stay the same at./unchanged at./steady at./stable at./constant at,47,表示达到最高点：Peak at./reach the highest point at./reach the peak at.(peak可以做名词和动词)表示达到最低点：Bottom at./reach the lowest point at./reach the bottom a
24、t.(bottom可以做名词和动词),48,表示经历了某种变化的动词：Experience/witness/see表示达到多少数量的动词或词组：Reach/arrive at/amount to/hit/register表示占.多少的动词：Account for/represent/constitute/make up/take up,49,表示对将来预测的词组：It is projected./it is predicted./it is forecast/it is expected.to表示分别的词汇：Respectively/namely大约：About/around/approxim
25、ately/roughly,50,51,句型,表示上升，下降，不变，波动的句型1，There is a+(形容词)+(上升，下降波动的名词)+in+数据+时间2，描述的对象+（上升，下降，波动，不变的动词）+（副词）+数据+时间3，描述的对象+（see/witness/experience)+a（形容词）+(上升，下降波动的名词)+数据+时间表示顶点，底点的句型描述的对象+reach its peak/bottom/highest point/lowest point/plateau at.(peak/bottom at)+数据+时间,52,同一数据表示倍数：描述的对象+double/incr
26、ease three times/decrease three times+时间There is a two-fold increase/decrease in the(描述的对象)+时间描述的对象+in+年份 is only half/one-third of the year in+年份Increase to/by decrease to/by,53,不同数据间的倍数关系A is/are twice/three times as many/much/big as BThere is/are twice/three times as many/much/big A as BA is/are
27、one third that of B,54,20.as can be seen from the graph,the two curves show thefluctuation of.如图所示，两条曲线描述了.的波动情况。21.over the period from.to.the.remained stable.在.至.期间，.基本不变。22.in the year between.and./from to.在.年到.期间.,55,23.in the 3 years spanning from 1995 through 1998.1995年至1998三年里.24.from then on
28、/from this time onwards.从那时起.25.the number of.remained steady/stable from(month/year)to(month/year).月(年)至.月（年).的数量基本不变。,56,26.the number went up sharply to.数字急剧上升至.27.the percentage of.stayed the same between.and.至.期间.的比率维持不变。28.the figures peaked at.in(month/year).的数目在.月（年）达到顶点，为.29.the percentage
29、remained steady at.比率维持在.,57,30.the percentage of.is slightly larger/smaller than that of.的比例比.的比例略高（低31.there is not a great deal of difference between.and.与.的区别不大。32.the graphs show a threefold increase in the number of.该图表表明.的数目增长了四倍。,58,33.decreased year by year while.increased steadily.逐年减少，而.逐
30、步上升。34.the situation reached a peak(a high point at)of%.的情况（局势）到达顶（高）点，为.百分点。35.the figures/situation bottomed out in.数字（情况）在.达到底部。,59,36.the figures reached the bottom/a low point/hit a trough.数字（情况）达到底部（低谷）。37.a is.times as much/many as b.a是b的.倍。38.a increased by.a增长了.39.a increased to.a增长到.,60,40
31、.high/low/great/small/percentage.比低高（低）41.there is an upward trend in the number of.数字呈上升趋势。42.a considerable increase/decrease occurred from.to.到.发生急剧上升。,61,43.from.to.the rate of decrease slow down.从.到.，下降速率减慢。44.from this year on，there was a gradual decline/reduction in the.,reaching a figure of.从这年起，.逐渐下降至.45.be similar to.与.相似,62,46.be the same as.与.相同47.there are a lot similarities/differences between.and.与.之间有许多相似（不同）之处48.a has something in common with b a于b有共同之处。,63,49.the difference between a and b lies in.a与b之间的差别在于.50.(year)witnessed/saw a sharp rise in.年.急剧上升。,64,
