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1、插入语用法大全插入语用法归纳 插入语用法很多,在句子中的位置比较灵活,在学习中应当认真去体会。大体而言,插入语可以分为以下几类:1. 用简短的句子结构作插入语。这类短语有:I think, I hope, I guess, I believe, I suppose, I wonder, I tell you, I say, Im afraid, Im sure, you see, you know, as you know, that is, that is to say, whats more等等,它们可以置于句中或句尾。如:I suggest you choose someone who
2、you think is kind and friendly.This diet, I think, will do good to your health.It wont be raining long, I hope.You will have to work harder, you know, if you want to succeed.2. 副词或副词短语用作插入语,这类插入语一般放在句首或句尾。如:Happily for him, his fathers second wife was kind to him too.Youll be able to pass the coming
3、 exam, surely.Luckily for him, he didnt hurt in the accident.Honestly, I dont need it at the moment.3. 介词或介词短语作插入语,这类插入语一般放在句首,有时也可放在句中。如:Like most of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers nor sisters-in other words, Im an only child.By the way, Bob sends his best wishes.On the other hand, I didnt
4、 know you were there.In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load.4. 分词短语作插入语。如:Judging from your accent, you must be from England.Generally speaking, he is the best student in our class.Compared with China, the USA is smaller.5. 不定式短语作插入语。如:To put it m
5、ildly, he was not up to the mark.To tell you the truth, I dont want to see her.To be sure, Jim is a faster skater, but he is not good at doing figures.To conclude, it was a great success. 英语中关于care的词组短语总结 care about; care for; care; care to的区别辨析care about“关心；计较；在乎”，指由于某事重要，或因责任所在而关心计较，一般用于否定句。如： He
6、doesnt care about his clothes他不讲究衣着。 I dont care about going there去不去那里，我无所谓。care for“关心；照料；喜欢；愿意”。作“关心；照料”讲，一般用于肯定句或疑问句。如： Who will care for your children when you are away 你离开期间谁照顾你的孩子？ How the Party cares for us! 党是多么关心我们啊！ Would you care for a walk? 你愿意去散步吗？ He cares more for fine new clothes th
7、an for anything else 他喜爱漂亮的新衣胜于其他的一切。care 关心，照顾 顾虑 还可作及物动词，但其后通常接从句。如： I dont care who you are我不管你是谁。 I dont care what you say不论你说什么，我都不在乎。care to“愿意，欲望”，后接动词原形。如： I dont care to go there我不愿意去那里。care的短语总结take care (=to be careful) v.当心，小心 take care of (=to look after someone or something) v.照顾，照料，照看
8、 take care of (=to deal with all the necessary work, arrangements etc) v.处理，做完 care for (=to look after someone who is not able to look after themselves) v.照顾，照看 care for (=to like or love sb or sth) v.喜欢，爱 take care (=spoken used when saying goodbye to family and friends) v.再见“Knowlege is power. 知识
9、就是力量。Never too old to learn.活到老，学到老。”英语中比较结构的翻译技巧 英语中的比较结构的句型复杂，表现形式多样。翻译的时候，在需要准确理解原文的基础上，才能进行贴切的表达。因此，龙文学校1对1辅导教师向大家总结原文意思容易令人混淆的比较结构的翻译方法。一、asas句型asas句型：asas句型是同级比较，表示两者比较程度一样。所以在翻译的时候，通常翻译为“和.一样”。My parcel is as heavy as yours.not as (or so)as句型：跟asas句型相反的结构not as (or so)as表示两者的程度不一样，前者不如后者，所以，通
10、常翻译为“不如”。My uncle is not as (or so) tall as your father.not so much as句型not so much as这个结构表示的基本意义和not as (or so)as一样，但是通常翻译为 “与其说不如说”。He was not so much angry as disappointed.他与其说是生气，还不如说是失望了。not so much as句型not so much as这个结构相当于“not even”，所以通常翻译为“甚至不，甚至没有”。请注意与not so much as这个结构的区别。He didnt so much
11、 as ask me to set down.二、比较级+ than to do句型由比较级与than to do sth.结合在一起的句型，通常翻译为“不至于做某事”。You ought to know better than to go swimming on such a cold day. 三、morethan句型more A than B句型：more A than B通常用于同一个人或者事物在两个不同性质或者特征上面的比较。翻译为“与其说B，不如说A”。类似的结构还有less A than B，翻译为“与其说A，不如说B”，请注意这两个结构中“与其说”与“不如说”的对象，即A与B两
12、者的在翻译中的位置。He is more good than bad.He is less good than bad.more than句型在英语中，如果more than句型后面所跟的词性不相同，意义也不尽相同，所以应该用不同的汉语词来翻译。1more than后面接数词，表示“多于，.以上”的意思。I have known him for more than twenty years.2more than后面接名词或者动词，表示“不只是”的意思。He is more than a father to her.3more than后面接形容词、副词或者分词，表示“极其，非常”的意思。She
13、 was more than kind to us.4more than can则表示“难以，完全不能”的意思。That is more than I can understand.no more than句型no more than句型在意义上与not any more than.一样，表示对两者都否定，所以可以翻译为“和.一样不，不正如，既不也不，和两者都不”。跟no more than句型相近，但是意义相反的句型是no lessthan，可以翻译为“既是，也是，两者都是”。His grammar is no better than mine.He is no more a writer
14、than a painter.He is no less a writer than a painter.最后，龙文学校辅导教师想对同学们说：“Never put off what you can do today until tomorrow.”，今天的事情要今日办，就想学习一样，要及时把今天该复习的的内容全部完成，不要想到拖到明天去办，因为明天还有明天要完成的事情。100个使用频率较高的词语搭配 1.经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy2.人民生活水平的显着提高/ 稳步增长 the remarkable improvement/ steady g
15、rowth of peoples living standard3.先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology4.面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges5.人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that6.社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development7.引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention 8.
16、不可否认 It is undeniable that/ There is no denying that9.热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate10. 有争议性的问题 a controversial issue11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument12.一些人 而另外一些人 Some people while others13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally,14.就达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on 1
17、5.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons16.双方的论点 argument on both sides17.发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in18.对必不可少 be indispensable to 19.正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes: 20.也不例外 be no exception21.对产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on22.利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the di
18、sadvantages. 23.导致,引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in24.复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon25.责任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement26. 竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation27. 开阔眼界 widen ones horizon/ broaden ones vision28.学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and sk
19、ills29.经济/心理负担 financial burden / psychological burden30.考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration31. 从另一个角度 from another perspective32.做出共同努力 make joint efforts 33. 对有益 be beneficial / conducive to34.为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society35.打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for36.综合素质 co
20、mprehensive quality37.无可非议 blameless / beyond reproach39.致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to40. 应当承认 Admittedly, 41.不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty42. 满足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of43.可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information44.宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources45.因特网 the Internet (一定要由冠词,字母I 大写)46.方便快捷 conve
21、nient and efficient47.在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life48.环保(的) environmental protection / environmentally friendly49.社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress50.科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology51.对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different attitudes towards this issue52.支持前/后种观点的人 pe
22、ople / those in fovor of the former/ latteropinion53.有/ 提供如下理由/ 证据 have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence54.在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way 55. 理论和实践相结合 integrate theory with practice56. 必然趋势 an irresistible trend of57.日益激烈的社会竞争 the increasingly fierce social competition58.眼前利益 im
23、mediate interest/ short-term interest59.长远利益. interest in the long run60.有其自身的优缺点 has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages 61.扬长避短 Exploit to the full ones favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones62.取其精髓,取其糟粕 Take the essence and discard the dregs.63.对有害 do harm to / be harmf
24、ul to/ be detrimental to 64.交流思想/ 情感/ 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information65.跟上的最新发展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast withthe latest development of 66.采取有效措施来 take effective measures to do sth.67.的健康发展 the healthy development of 68.有利有弊 Every coin has its two sides. No garden without
25、 weeds.69.对观点因人而异 Views on vary from person to person. 70.重视 attach great importance to 71.社会地位 social status72.把时间和精力放在上 focus time and energy on73.扩大知识面 expand ones scope of knowledge74.身心两方面 both physically and mentally75.有直接/间接关系 be directly / indirectly related to76. 提出折中提议 set forth a compromi
26、se proposal 77. 可以取代 “think”的词 believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion/ belief that 78.缓解压力/ 减轻负担 relieve stress/ burden79.优先考虑/发展 give (top) priority to sth.80.与比较 compared with/ in comparison with 81. 相反 in contrast / on the contrary.82.代替 replace/ substitute / take the place of
27、83.经不起推敲 cannot bear closer analysis / cannot hold water84.提供就业机会 offer job opportunities85. 社会进步的反映 mirror of social progress86.毫无疑问 Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that87.增进相互了解 enhance/ promote mutual understanding88.充分利用 make full use of / take advantage of 89.承受更大的工作压力 suffer from heavier work
28、 pressure90.保障社会的稳定和繁荣 guarantee the stability and prosperity of our society91.更多地强调 put more emphasis on92.适应社会发展 adapt oneself to the development of society93.实现梦想 realize ones dream/ make ones dream come true94. 主要理由列举如下 The main reasons are listed as follows:95. 首先 First, Firstly, In the first p
29、lace, To begin with 96.其次 Second, Secondly, In the second place97. 再次 Besides,In addition, Additionally, Moreover, Furthermore98. 最后 Finally, Last but not the least, Above all, Lastly, 99. 总而言之 All in all, To sum up, In summary, In a word, 100.我们还有很长的路要走 We still have a long way to go. 英汉表达差异 有位专家曾做
30、过这样一个实验:他找了两位二十岁左右西班牙小伙子和中国小伙子,让他们在同一时间内用英语写同一篇作文,结果,西班牙小伙子潇潇洒洒地写了五百多字,意思表达基本明了,但拼写语法错误不胜枚举,改动处不多;而中国小伙子只拘谨地写了不到三百字,拼写错误不多,但语法改动不下二十余处,使人难以流畅地阅读。显然,前者只注意思想表达,后者则有很强语法意识生怕犯语法错误,这种意识在相当程度上影响了思想表达。由此可见,不同社会文化背景人,会有不同思维方式和思维习惯,在学习新语言时,人们会很自然地把这种习惯带到新语言里去,产生这样或那样不良结果。 值得一提是,中国人与西方人看问题方法确在许多方面存在着差异,而且这种差异
31、确确在束缚着中国学生,成为他们英文写作中拦路虎,使他们不能畅所欲言,不能准确而简洁地表达思想。因此,本文就大学英语写作中常出现问题谈谈英汉表达几种差异。 一、首先,让我们关注一下英美人与中国人思维方式不同。英美人思维方式是直线式,他们在遣词造句谋篇上遵循着从一般(general)到具体(specific),从概括(summarize)到举例(exemplify),从整体(whole)到个体(respective)原则。请看短文: Soccer is a difficult sport.(1)A player must be able to run steadily without rest.(
32、2)Sometimes a player must hit the ball with his or her head.(3)Players must be willing to bang into and be banged into by others.(4)They must put up with aching feet and sore muscles. 上面这则短文中,主题句(main idea sentence)也就是文章中心是第一句,(1)(2)(3)(4)句是用来说明主题句。 而在汉语中,我们习惯于先分后总,先说原因后说结果,即所谓“前因后果”,如果要表达相同意思,我们通常这
33、样说: 足球运动员必须能不停地奔跑,有时得用头顶球,撞别人或被别人撞,必须忍受双脚和肌肉疼痛,所以说,足球运动是一项难度大运动。 再比如写下面一则便条,因你母亲突然生病,周末你不能和汤姆去跳舞了,你找了舞跳得很好时黛来代替你,并表示抱歉。 此英语便条为: July 6, 2002 Dear Tom, I am sorry to inform you that I wont be able to go to dance with you this weekend. My mother is suddenly takenill. In order not to disappoint you, I
34、have asked Shi Dai to take my place. She is a better dancer, I think. My regrets. Joe 从便条中可以看出,英语表达先“果”I wont be able to go to dance with you this weekend后“因”my mother is suddenly taken ill,即所谓“先果后因”。 一般来说,在单个句子中,英语句子也是先中心,也就是将主要思想、结果放在句首,放在主句里表达;而汉语正相反,一般为后中心,主要观点、信息往往放在句末。如: He had to stay at hom
35、e yesterday because he was ill.因为他病了,昨天他不得不呆在家里。 Tragedies can be written in literature since there is tragedy in life. 生活中既然有悲剧,文学作品就可以写悲剧。 所以说,大学生用英文写作时,就要按照英美人思维模式进行思考,也就是说要学会用英语进行思维,避免写出中国式英语。 二、接下来,让我们看一下英汉句子结构特点。英语属印欧语系,汉语属汉藏语系,两种语言相距甚远,英语结构紧凑,汉语结构松散。语言学家以“竹节句法”来比喻英语句子,即英语句子是由断不可缺各种连接词衔接而成,宛如节
36、节相连竹子;而汉语句子则被比喻为“流水句法”,所谓流水指少用乃至不用连接词仍行文流畅。所以说,英语重形和,汉语重意和。英语句子中如果少了连接词如or,but,if,so,because,when,although , in order that,so that,所要表达意思就支离破碎了,而汉语如没连接词,只从句子本身意思就可以把概念或关系表达清楚。如: Conquer the desires, or they will conquer you. 你如不能战胜欲念,欲念将要战胜你。 An Englishm an who could not speak Chinese was once trave
37、lling in China.一个英国人,不会说中国话,有一次在中国旅行。 三、就是因为英语中各种连接词与替代词广泛使用,使得英语中出现“多枝共干”式长句,复合句;汉语则常用短句,简单句。请看下面一个英语长句以及其汉意。 It was on a Sunday evening, when he was lying in the orchard listening to a blackbird and composing a love poem, that he heard thegate swing to,and saw the girl coming running among the tre
38、es, with the redcheeked, stolid Joe in swift pursuit.一个星期日傍晚,他正躺在果园里,一面在听画眉鸟啁啾,一面在写一首爱情诗,忽然听得大门砰地关上,接着看见那姑娘从树丛里奔出来,后面飞跟着那呆头呆脑红脸乔。 这是个英语强调句,其重心是:he heard the gate swing to and saw the girl com ing running am ong the trees, 而when he was ly- ing in the orchard listening to a blackbird and com posing a
39、love poem.是一个时间状语从句,这两个句子通过itwas.that.这个强调句型巧妙地合为一个复合长句,整个句子简单明了,结构紧凑,若用汉语表达则须分成好几个短句。再如: The president said at a conference dominated by questions on yesterdays election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat, which in the end would deprive the R
40、epublican Party of long-held superiority in the House.在一次记者招待会上,问题集中于昨天选举结果,总统就此发了言。他说他不能理解为什么共和党遭到了这样大失败。这种情况最终会使共和党失去在众议院长期享有优势。 这个英语长句是由一个带有分词短语主句,两个宾语从句和一个非限制性定语从句组成,整个句子主干简单明了:The pres-identsaid.that.,若用汉语来表达,须把此长句拆开分成三个单句来分别叙述。 四、英语另一个显着特点是被动句多。英语重物称,常常选择不能施行动作或无生命词语作主语,由于这些“无灵”物称充当主语,使得被动句大兴其
41、道。在英语被动句里,不必强调动作施行者,就将其置于句尾由by连接;不必、不愿或不便言明动作施行者,就干脆将其省略。相对而言,汉语习惯于人称化表达,主语常常是能施行动作或有生命物体,所以汉语中主动句多。请看例句: It has been known for a long time that there is a first relationship between the heart and the liver.长期以来,大家知道心脏与肝脏关系是最主要。 The fam ous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire.大火几乎使这
42、家有名旅馆全部毁灭。 They were given a hearty welcome.他们受到热烈欢迎。 五、英语又一显着特点是其丰富时态。不同语言具有不同时态,有语言甚至很少或没有时态,汉语基本上就是借助词汇来表示各种时间和动作,汉语动词除了只有“着”、“了”、“过”若干说法与英语进行时、完成时或过去时相对外,别无其他与英语相对应时体形式;而英语不仅有时态,而且种类繁多(共有16种时态),区分细微,习惯性强。英语就是通过这些固定语法手段将动作进行过程与状况描绘得更准确更精细,有时甚至能表达说话人感情色彩。如: Youre always asking me such questions!你老
43、是问我这样问题!(用现在进行时表示厌烦) I am now living in a very pleasant flat.我现在住在一间非常舒适公寓里。(用现在进行时表示满意) 所以,传递同样意思,英语只要选用合适时态就可以了,汉语则必须使用词汇手段。又如: It has been noted that those who live, or have lived, in the shadow of death bring a m ellow sweetness to everything theydo.人们已经注意到大凡受到死亡威胁人或是死里逃生人对于他们所干任何事总是兴趣盎然。 六、从词汇方
44、面讲,英汉两种语言也有很大差异。就词组而言,英语中词组或短语可谓林林总总,丰富多彩,有名词短语、动词短语、形容词短语、介词短语、分词短语、不定式短语与独立结构等,它们语法功能不一而足,可作主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语与表语等。如: Marriage may be compared to a cage: the birds outside despair to get in and those within despair to get out.婚姻好比鸟笼,外面鸟儿想进进不去,里面鸟儿想出出不来。(不定式短语to get in,to get out作状语) I am utterly in th
45、e dark about the matter.我对这件事完全不知道。(介词词组in the dark作表语) Christmas is coming up.圣诞节就要到了。(动词短语come up作谓语) 相比之下,汉语更偏重以单音节或多音节单词为其基本句法成分,而且其短语用法十分有限。 语言形成与发展深受本国、本土、历史、地理、风土人情等各方面影响,英语、汉语也不例外。英语中某些词含义并不完全与汉语对等,比如lover这个词,大多数中国人认为是“爱人”(丈夫或妻子),其实在西方lover指是情夫或情妇;再比如First Lady,在英美等国指是总统夫人或州长夫人,而在中国常会被误解,认为是
46、“原配夫人”,说不定还会有“二奶”、“三姨太”之类;又如intellectual这个词,在英美等国其范围较小,只包括大学教授等有较高学术地位人,不包括普通大学生,而多数中国人认为intellectual就是“知识分子”,而且汉语中知识分子所指范围很广,大学教师、中学教师、大学生、医生、工程师、翻译人员以及一切受过大学教育人都可以称为知识分子。 此外英语中许多词常常一词多义,它们所表达各个含义,分别与汉语中几个不同词或词组相对应,所以,在用英文写作时,一定要慎重地选词用词,以期贴切地表达思想。 综上所述,只有充分了解英汉表达各种差异,才会胸有成竹,下笔有神,行文流畅。 10种最需要注意的时态考点
47、归纳 根据试题统计,动词语法占语法考题中的50%左右,其内容主要包括动词的时态、语态、要掌握英语的时态和语态,必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。现将各考点分别归纳如下。 1. 一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点;表示经常或习惯性的动作,句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语;表示客观规律和永恒真理等。He usually goes to work at 7 oclock every morning.She has a brother who lives in New York. The earth goes around the sun.Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.考点一:表示永恒的真理,即使出现在过去的语境中,仍用一般现在时。如:I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.考点二:在时间和条件状语从句中,代替一般将来时,常用的引导词有:时间:wh
