新概念英语第一册课文详解及英语语法2.docx

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1、新概念英语第一册课文详解及英语语法2新概念第一册1-2课文详解及英语语法 课文详注 Further notes on the text 1Excuse me 对不起。 这是常用于表示道歉的客套话,相当于汉语中的“劳驾”、“对不起”。当我们要引起别人的注意、要打搅别人或打断别人的话时,通常都可使用这一表达方式。在课文中,男士为了吸引女士的注意而使用了这句客套话。它也可用在下列场合:向陌生人问路,借用他人的电话,从别人身边挤过,在宴席或会议中途要离开一会儿等等。 2Yes?什么事? 课文中的 Yes?应用升调朗读,意为:“什么事?”Yes?以升调表示某种不肯定或询问之意,也含有请对方说下去的意思。

2、 3Pardon?对不起,请再说一遍。 当我们没听清或没理解对方的话并希望对方能重复一遍时,就可以使用这一表达方式。较为正式的说法是: I beg your pardon. I beg your pardon? Pardon me. 它们在汉语中的意思相当于“对不起,请再说一遍”或者“对不起,请再说一遍好吗?” 4Thank you very much非常感谢! 这是一句表示感谢的用语,意为“非常感谢”。请看下列类似的表达式,并注意其语气上的差异: Thank you. 谢谢。 Thanks! 谢谢! 5数字110的英文写法 1one 2two 3three 4four 5five 6six

3、7seven 8eight 9nine 10ten 语法 Grammar in use 一般疑问句 一般疑问句根据其结构又分为若干种。通过主谓倒装可将带有be的陈述句变为一般疑问句。即将be的适当形式移到主语之前,如: 陈述句:This is your watch. 这是你的手表。 疑问句:Is this your watch? 这是你的手表吗? 词汇学习 Word study 1coat n. 上衣,外套: Is this your coat? 这是你的外套吗? coat and skirt西式女套装 2dress n. 连衣裙;套裙: Is this your dress? 这是你的连衣裙

4、吗? 服装;衣服: casual dress 便服; evening dress 晚礼服 新概念第一册3-4课文详解及英语语法 课文详注 Further notes on the text 1My coat and my umbrella please. 请把我的大衣和伞拿给我。 这是一个省略形式的祈使句,完整的句子应为: Give me my coat and my umbrella, please. 口语中,在语境明确的情况下通常可省略动词和间接宾语,如: (Show me your) Ticket, please. 请出示你的票。 (Show me your)Passport, plea

5、se. 请出示您的护照。 1 2Heres your umbrella and your coat. 这是您的伞和大衣。 Heres 是 Here is的缩略形式。全句原为:Here is your umbrella and your coat缩略形式和非缩略形式在英语的书面用语和口语中均有,但非缩略形式常用于比较正式的场合。Heres是一种习惯用法,句中采用了倒装句式,即系动词提到了主语之前。又如 Here is my ticket 这句话用正常的语序时为 My ticket is here。 3Sorry = Im sorry。 这是口语中的缩略形式,通常在社交场合中用于表示对他人的歉意或

6、某种程度的遗憾。 Sorry 和 Excuse me 虽在汉语中都可作“对不起”讲,但 sorry 常用于对自己所犯过失表示道歉,而 Excuse me 则多为表示轻微歉意的客套语。 4Sir,先生。 这是英语中对不相识的男子、年长者或上级的尊称。例如:在服务行业中,服务员对男顾客的称呼通常为 sir: What can I do for you, sir? 先生,您要买什么? Thank you, sir. 谢谢您,先生。 sir 通常用于正式信函开头的称呼中: Dear sir 亲爱的先生 Dear sirs 亲爱的先生们诸位先生们 Sir可用于有爵士称号者的名字或姓名之前: Sir Wi

7、nston Churchill 温斯顿丘吉尔爵士 Sir William Brown 威廉布朗爵士 5数字1115的英文写法 11eleven 12twelve 13thirteen 14fourteen 15fifteen 语法 Grammar in use 否定句 否定陈述句与肯定陈述句相反,它表示“否定”,并且含有一个如not 之类的否定词。一个内含be的否定形式的陈述句,应在其后加 not,以构成否定句: 肯定句: This is my umbrella. 这是我的伞。 否定句: This is not my umbrella. 这不是我的伞。 请再看课文中的这两句话: 针对一般疑问句

8、的否定的简略答语是 No,its notit isnt。此处省略和非省略形式的关系为:is not =isnt;it is = its。全句应为: No, it is not my umbrella. 不,它不是我的伞。 词汇学习 Word study 1suit n.衣服: Is this your suit? 这是你的衣服吗? a mans suit 一套男装; a womans suit 一套女装 2please:interjection 请;烦劳: My coat and my umbrella please. 请把我的大衣和伞拿给我。 Please come in. 请进。 新概念第

9、一册5-6课文详解及练习答案 新概念第一册5-6课文详解及练习答案 课文详注 Further notes on the text 1Good morning早上好。 英语中常见的问候用句。对此问候的回应一般也是Good morning。根据一天中见面时间的不同还可以说Good afternoon 和 Good evening。有时英美人见面时只简单地说一声Hello。 2This is Miss Sophie Dupont这位是索菲娅杜邦小姐。 This is+姓名是将某人介绍给他人时常用的句式。课文中的例子还有: Sophie, this is Hans. 索菲娅,这位是汉斯。 And th

10、is is Naoko. 这位是直子。 3Mr BlakeMiss Sophie Dupont,布莱克先生索菲娅杜邦 小姐。 英语国家中人的姓名通常由3部分组成,即:名+中间名+姓。 在一般情况下,不用中间名。在熟悉的人中间,以名相称,而在正式的场合中常用 Mr,Mrs,Miss或Ms这些称呼再加上姓。 Mr用于男士的姓之前,不能单独使用,如课文中的 MrBlake;而sir 一般单独使用,是对长者、上司或男顾客的尊称,如: Sorry, sir. 对不起,先生。 Miss 一般用于指未婚女子,不过有时在不知道对方是否已婚时也可使用。 4Nice to meet you很高兴见到你。 用于初次

11、与他人见面等非正式场合。对方的回应一般应为Nice to meet you,too。 人们在正式的场合初次见面时常用:How do you do?相应的回答也是:How do you do?这是一句问候语,并非问话。 5国籍与国家名称有别 请不要将国家名称和与其对应的国籍搞混。课文的 French,German,Japanese,Korean以及Chinese都是表示国籍的词。句中表示中国国籍的词应为 Chinese 而不是 China。 语法 Grammar in use 1特殊疑问句 以疑问词 who,what,when,which,why,where,whose,how 等引导的问句都叫

12、特殊疑问句,也叫疑问词疑问句,有时还被称为 wh-问句。结构一般为:疑问词+助动词+主语+主动词等。作为疑问词的what可以用来询问名字、国籍、工作、颜色、型号等。例如以下几个问句: What make is this car? 这辆小汽车是什么牌子的? What nationality are you? 你是哪国人? What is your job? 你的工作是干什么? What colour is it? 它是什么颜色的? What size is this skirt? 这条裙子是多大号的? 2a 和 an Sophie is a new student. 索菲娅是一名新学生。 2 T

13、his is an umbrella. 这是一把雨伞。 这两个句子中出现的aan在英语中被称为不定冠词。a和an在意义上没有区别。用aan时,我们必须记住两条基本原则: aan有不确定的意义。 aan只能用于单数可数名词之前。 此外还需注意a和an的发音:a用于辅音之前;an用于元音之前。当我们把a或an用来说明字母表中的字母时,便会一目了然: This is a BCDGJKPQRTUVWYZ 这是一个 BCDGJKPQRTUVWYZ字母。 This is an AEFHILMNOSX 这是一个AEFHILMNOSX字母。 词汇学习 Word study 1make n.牌子;类型,型号;式

14、样: What make is your watch? 你的手表是什么牌子的? Her dress is of Italian make. 她的连衣裙是意大利式的。 2English adj. 英国的;英格兰的;英国化的: Is it an American car or an English car? 它是美国车还是英国车? John is very English. 约翰生活行事非常英国化。 练习答案 Key to written exercises Lesson 6 A Alice is a student. She isnt German. She is French. This is

15、 her car. It is a French car. Hans is a student. He isnt French. He is German. This is his car. It is a German car. B 1 Is she a German student or a Japanese student? She isnt a German student. Shes a Japanese student. 2 Is this a German car or a French car? It isnt a German car. Its a French car. 3

16、 Is he an Italian student or a German student? He isnt an Italian student. Hes a German student. 4 Is she an Italian student or a Chinese student? She isnt an Italian student. She is a Chinese student. 5 Is this an American car or an English car? It isnt an American car. Its an English car. 6 Is he

17、a Japanese student or a Korean student? He isnt a Japanese student. Hes a Korean student. 7 Is this an English car or an Italian car? It isnt an English car. Its an Italian car. 8 Is he an English student or a Chinese student? He isnt an English student. Hes a Chinese student. 9 Is this a French car

18、 or a German car? It isnt a French car. Its a German car. 10 Is this a Chinese car or a Japanese car? It isnt a Chinese car. Its a Japanese car. 11 Is this an English car or an American car? It isnt an English car. Its an American car. 12 Is this a Japanese car or a Korean car? It isnt a Japanese ca

19、r. Its a Korean car. 新概念第一册7-8课文详解及练习答案 课文详注 Further notes on the text 1My names = My name is。 这是自我介绍时通常使用的句型:My name is。有时也可用Im这一句型。 2Are you French,too?你也是法国人吗? 在英语中,too和either两个词都表示“也”的意思,然而too仅用于肯定句中,either 则限于用在否定句中。too和either一般都放在句末,且前面通常用逗号隔开。例如: Is Sophie Italian, too? 索菲娅也是意大利人吗? Is Robert

20、a keyboard operator, too? 罗伯特也是电脑录入员吗? 3What nationality are you?你是哪国人? 此问句用来询问对方的国籍。也可以问 Where are you from?或 Where do you come from? 4Whats your job?你是做什么工作的? Whats =What is。询问对方从事何种职业时还可以说:What do you do? 5Im an engineer我是工程师。 Imaim=I am。口语中经常使用这种缩略形式。英语不定冠词有两个:a,an。在发音以元音音素开头的词前面用an,在发音以辅音音素开头的词

21、前面用a。engineer?enDNini+的发音是以元音音素开头的,所以前面要用an。 6数字1620的英文写法 16sixteen 17seventeen 18eighteen 19nineteen 20twenty 语法 Grammar in use 以疑问词what所引导的特殊疑问句 What?这一问句可以用来询问国籍、工作等等: What nationality are you? 你是哪国人? Whats your job? 你是干什么的? 对于以上两个问句可如下回答: Im Swedish. 我是瑞典人。 Im an air hostess. 我是一名空中小姐。 现在不妨改用第3人

22、称单数来进行类似的问答: 词汇学习 Word study 1job n. 职业: Whats your job? 你是做什么工作的? 3 工作,活计: The whole job takes about 40 minutes. 整个工作大约需要四十分钟。 职责: Its your job to be on time. 准时是你应该做到的事。 2nurse n护士;照料者: Is she a nurse or a housewife? 她是护士还是家庭主妇? v照料;照看: All her time goes into nursing her child. 她把全部时间都花于照看自己的孩子上了。

23、 v 养护;培养: nurse a young tree 养护树苗 nurse an author of promise 培养有前途的作家 练习答案 Key to written exercises Lesson 8 A 1 My name is Robert. I am a student. I am Italian. 2 Sophie is not Italian. She is French. 3 Mr. Black is my teacher. He is not French. B 1 Whats his job? Is he a policeman? Yes, he is. 2 W

24、hats her job? Is she a policewoman? Yes, she is. 3 Whats his job? Is he a taxi driver? Yes, he is. 4 Whats her job? Is she an air hostess? Yes, she is. 5 Whats his job? Is he a postman? Yes, he is. 6 Whats her job? Is she a nurse? Yes, she is. 7 Whats his job? Is he a mechanic? Yes, he is. 8 Whats h

25、is job? Is he a hairdresser? Yes, he is. 9 Whats her job? Is she a housewife? Yes, she is. 10 Whats his job? Is he a milkman? Yes, he is. 新概念第一册9-10课文详解及练习答案 课文详注 Further notes on the text 1How are you today?你今天好吗? 这是朋友或相识的人之间见面时问对方身体情况的寒暄话,一般回答语为: Fine, thank you. 很好,谢谢。 Im fine, thank you. 很好,谢谢。

26、Im very well, thank you. 很好,谢谢。 如问及对方的先生或太太的情况,可以说 How is Tony?或Hows Emma?等。 相应的回答可为 Hes fine,thanks 或 Shes very well,thankyou等。 2And you?你好吗? 是And how are you?的简略说法。在回答对方问候健康的话之后反问时用。 3数字21与22的英文写法 21twenty-one 22twenty-two 语法 Grammar in use 1How?的一些社交上的用法 how 是一个表示“如何”的疑问词,可以用来引导一些用于社交场合的套话: 用于询问健

27、康状况或一般生活情况: How are you? 你好吗? How is Helen today? 海伦今天好吗? How have you been? 你一向可好? How do you do?是正式介绍中的一句套话,从不用来询问健康: how 经常用在询问目前状况的疑问句里,如: Hows life? 生活如何? How are things? 情况怎样? Hows work? 工作怎么样? 2形容词的意义与作用 形容词修饰名词所指的人、物等。我们用形容词说明人、物等是什么样或看上去是什么样的。例如,形容词可以表示质量、大小、新旧、温度、外形、颜色、产地。 许多形容词可用以回答 Whatl

28、ike?这样的问题,并可根据上下文给出笼统的或确切的信息。 英语中形容词作定语时一般置于名词之前,如: a young nurse 一位年轻的护士; an old mechanic 一位老机械师 a lazy housewife 一个懒惰的家庭主妇; a thin woman 一个瘦瘦的女人 词汇学习 Word study 1look v. 看,瞧,观,望: Look at that man. Is he thin? 瞧那个男人。他瘦吗? Look carefully before you cross the street. 过马路前要仔细看清来往车辆。 面向,朝向: The room loo

29、ks on the sea. 房间面向大海。 Two windows look to the south. 两扇窗子朝南。 2fine adj. 健康的;舒适的: How is Steven today? 史蒂文今天怎么样? 极好的,优秀的: a fine view 美好的景色 a fine teacher 一位优秀教师 优雅的,雅致的: He is a man with fine manners. 他是一个举止优雅的男人。 练习答案 Key to written exercises Lesson 10 A 1 Mr. Blake isnt a student. Hes a teacher.

30、2 This isnt my umbrella. Its your umbrella. 3 Sophie isnt a teacher. Shes a keyboard operator. 4 Steven isnt cold. Hes hot. 5 Naoko isnt Chinese. Shes Japanese. 6 This isnt a German car. Its a Swedish car. B 4 1 Look at that man. Hes very fat. 2 Look at that woman. Shes very thin. 3 Look at that pol

31、iceman. Hes very tall. 4 Look at that policewoman. Shes very short. 5 Look at that mechanic. Hes very dirty. 6 Look at that nurse. Shes very clean. 7 Look at Steven. Hes very hot. 8 Look at Emma. Shes very cold. 9 Look at that milkman. Hes very old. 10 Look at that air hostess. Shes very young. 11 L

32、ook at that hairdresser. Hes very busy. 12 Look at that housewife. Shes very lazy. 新概念第一册11-12 课文详解及练习答案 课文详注 Further notes on the text 1Whose shirt is that?那是谁的衬衫? 这是特殊疑问句。读时用降调。 2Yes,sir?什么事,先生? 请参见 Lessons 12课文详注以及 Lessons 34课文详注。 3Here you are给你。 是给对方东西时的习惯用语。递给对方东西或对方在找某物而你指出该物在什么地方时,往往用这种表达方式。

33、也可以说:Here it is或 Here they are。句中的are和is一般应重读。 4非省略形式和省略形式之间的关系: it is not = it isnt = its not。 5数字30的英文写法: 30 thirty 语法 Grammar in use 1以疑问词 whose 引导的特殊疑问句 用来询问所有关系。所有者总是一个人而且期望得到的回答是某人的名字加-s形式,或者是一个所有格代词。 这时 whose 也可在句子中作表语,如: 当所有关系中指的是某件东西或某种物质时,whose后面的名词可以省略: 2所有格形容词和所有格代词 所有格形容词与所有格代词都表示所有,即某人

34、或某物属于某一个人,回答以whose引导的问句。所有格形容词my,your等是限定词,必须始终放在名词之前,只能作定语。它们的形式取决于所有者,而不是被拥有的东西。所有格代词mine,yours等不能用在名词前,并且在说话时要加重语气。它们指人或物,单数或复数都一样。请见下表: This is my car. 这是我的汽车。 That is her coat. 这是她的上衣。 Your car is red,mine is blue. 你的车是红色的,我的是蓝色的。 This book is his,not yours. 这本书是他的,不是你的。 I have my way, and she

35、has hers. 我有我的处事方式,她有她的。 名词所有格是在词尾加-s构成的,不仅可作定语,还可作表语: Is this Daves shirt? 这是戴夫的衬衫吗? Whose is that shirt? Is it your daughters? 那条裙子是谁的?是你女儿的吗? 练习答案 Key to written exercises Lesson 12 A 1 Stella is here. That is her car. 2 Excuse me, Steven. Is this your umbrella? 3 I am an air hostess. My name is

36、Britt. 4 Paul is here, too. That is his coat. B 1 Whose is this handbag? Its Stella s. Its her handbag. 2 Whose is this car? Its Pauls. Its his car. 3 Whose is this coat? Its Sophie s. Its her coat. 4 Whose is this umbrella? Its Stevens. Its his umbrella. 5 Whose is this pen? Its my daughters. Its h

37、er pen. 6 Whose is this dress? Its my sons. Its his dress. 7 Whose is this suit? Its my fathers. Its his suit. 8 Whose is this skirt? Its my mothers. Its her skirt. 9 Whose is this blouse? Its my sisters. Its her blouse. 10 Whose is this tie? Its my brothers. Its his tie. 11 Whose is this pen? Its S

38、ophies. Its her pen. 12 Whose is this pencil? Its Hans. Its his pencil. 词汇学习 Word study 1perhaps adv. 或许,大概,可能: Perhaps it is, sir. 也许是,先生。 Perhaps it will rain. 也许要下雨了。 Perhaps its Sophies handbag. 也许这是索菲娅的手提包。 2catch v. 接住,拦住: Catch!接着! 逮住,捕捉: catch a thief 捉住一个贼 染上:catch a cold 伤风 I have caught a

39、 bad cold. 我得了重感冒。 新概念第一册13-14 课文详解及练习答案 课文详注 Further notes on the text 1Its the same colour一样的颜色。 same 通常与定冠词the连用,表示“同一的”、“相同的”: two boys of the same age 两个同龄的男孩子 We live in the same city. 我们住在同一个城市里。 2That is a lovely hat!真是一顶可爱的帽子! 句末用的是赞叹号,表现出较强的感情色彩。句中的 is 用斜体,是为了强调,应重读。 3数字 40,50,60,70,80,90,

40、100,101的英文写法: 5 40forty 50fifty 60sixty 70seventy 80eighty 90ninety 100a hundred 101a hundred and one 语法 Grammar in use 1what colour引导的非凡疑问句 以疑问词 what引导的 What colour?和 What colours? 类型的非凡疑问句式用于询问颜色。又如: What colour is Annas hat? 安娜的帽子是什么颜色的? What colours Helens dog? 海伦的豿是什么颜色的? What colours your shir

41、t? 你的衬衣是什么颜色的? What colour is it? 它是什么颜色的? 2祈使句 祈使句的主语通常不直接表示出来,其谓语动词用原型。祈使句用来表示请求、建议、命令、叮嘱等。如: Follow me. 跟我来。 Shut the door, please. 请关门。 Look out! 当心! Keep off the grass! 请勿践踏草地! Help yourself. 请自己动手。 某些祈使动词可以后跟and和另一个祈使动词,而不是后跟人们预料的带to的动词不定式结构: Come and see this goldfish. 来看这条金鱼。 Go and buy your

42、self a new pair of shoes. 去给自己买双新鞋吧。 Wait and see. 等着瞧吧。 词汇学习 Word study 1nice adj. 美好的,好看的: Its a nice day today, isnt it? 今天天气真好,不是吗? Thats a nice dress. 那件连衣裙真好看。 和蔼的,友好的: He is very nice to his neighbours. 他对邻居很友善。 使人兴奋的,令人愉快的: It is so nice to have you here. 你能在这儿真是太好了。 Have a nice time! 祝你玩得愉快

43、点! 2smart adj. 漂亮的,时髦的,巧妙的: Annas hat is smart. 安娜的帽子漂亮而别致。 You look smart in that new dress. 你穿那件新连衣裙看上去时髦而潇洒。 聪明的,伶俐的,精明的: She is a smart student. 她是一名聪颖的学生。 He is a smart businessman. 他是一位精明的商人。 练习答案 Key to written exercises Lesson 14 A 1 This is Pauls car. 2 This is Sophies coat. 3 This is Helen

44、s dog. 4 This is my fathers suit. 5 This is my daughters dress. B 1 What colours Stevens car? His cars blue. 2 What colours Tims shirt? His shirts white. 3 What colours Sophie s coat? Her coats grey. 4 What colours Mrs. Whites carpet? Her carpets red. 5 What colours Daves tie? His ties orange. 6 What colours Stevens hat? His hat is grey and black. 7 What colours Helens dog? Her dogs brown and white. 8 What colours Hans pen? His pens green. 9 What colours Lumings suit? His suits grey. 10 What colours Stellas pencil? Her pencils blue. 11 What colours Xiaohuis ha

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