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1、测绘工程矿山测量中英文对照外文翻译文献中英文对照外文翻译 The measurement of the surveying and mapping in mine Since the seventy s, as the electronic technology and laser technology development, the type of surveying and mapping instruments with electronics (such as range finder, electronic tachometer, gyroscopes) to the tradit
2、ional surveying and mapping instruments methods produced profound effect. In satellite remote sensing, global positioning system, as a representative of the space on earth observation technology in surveying and mapping application in the science of mature, computer technology, system scientifically
3、 based geographic information system and application for the emergence of surveying and mapping information source of access, analyze, management, processing and application fully provide strong technical support, automation and intelligence of surveying and mapping system is already in investigatio
4、n, therefore we can say, the modern mapping technology is undergoing a profound revolution. Mining of measuring technology of an important application field, in the vast coal, metal mines, nonferrous mine production process played an important role. Mine survey of modern task is: in mine exploration
5、, design, development and production of the different stages of the operation of the ground and underground mining area, the space, resources, (in mineral and land resources and environment are mainly) information acquisition, storage, processing, display and use for reasonable and effective develop
6、ment resources, protecting the resources, protecting the environment, management, industrial and environmental services for the continuous development of the station. In order to realize its modern task, mine measurement must be making full use of modern surveying and mapping instruments and techniq
7、ues, put the advanced modern technology with mine surveying the actual work, specific characteristics, and the combination of broaden the living space mine survey and business scope, promote the reform and development of mine survey, adapt to the market economy system and mining system reform needs.
8、 Electronic tachometer, space information technology, the inertial measurement system and other modern surveying and mapping instruments have been in mine survey technology is used to further development and are constantly. This paper to modern surveying and mapping instruments of the development of
9、 the technology and its application in mine. 1、Electronic tachometer and its application in mine survey: Electronic tachometer as the most widely used surveying and mapping instruments, is electronic technology and optical technology development of the combination of the photoelectric measuring inst
10、rument, is also set range finder, electronic advantages in a wide range of instruments, application prospects, the intelligent electronic tachometer is currently the biggest selling surveying and mapping instruments, is also the main future development direction. Intelligent electronic tachometer is
11、 with light, electricity and magnetism, machine of the latest scientific achievements, set the location, measuring Angle for the integration of advanced instrument. The international advanced electronic tachometer are on a memory card, internal memory or electronic hand book way, way of double recor
12、d data transmission communication function, can receive external computer instruction by the computer input data, also can to outside the computer output data. The international advanced electronic tachometer have Japanese SOKKIA POWERSET series production of electronic tachometer and SET5F, SET6F,
13、SET5W electronic tachometer, Swiss produces the TCA100 and TCA1800 electronic tachometer, Japan NIKON DTM-A series of electronic tachometer, etc. Our country has just south of the surveying and mapping instruments company production NTS-200 series electronic tachometer. Electronic tachometer has set
14、 up a file in the engineering survey, mine surveying, cadastral etc a wide range of applications, its development and application is in rapid developing. Electronic tachometer because and has the advantages of transit and range finder, and provide measurement results in digital form, its simple oper
15、ation, stable performance, data can be through the electronic hand book and the computer to carry on the advantages of communication in the mine in the measurement of a wide range of applications. The ground control survey, topographic, engineering surveying all available is, contact measurement, th
16、e measurement work can also be used inunderground i To as a representative of the intelligent, digital instrument is minesurveying instrument one of the development direction in the future. Based on theelectronic tachometer and the modern computer technology can establish a mine 3 d data to be autom
17、atic collection, transmission,processing of mine surveying dataprocessing system, instead of traditional hand book records, manual entry, detailed calculation of repetitive work. In addition, electronic tachometer in mine surfacemovement monitoring, land reclamation project implementation, mine cons
18、truction aspects also have been applied, each big ore measurement organizations are to instead of traditional instruments for routine measure the work, not only improves the efficiency, picked up speed, and reduced the development, and to ensure the accuracy 2、Space information technology and its ap
19、plication in the measurement of the mine. The core of spatial information technology and the subject is the 3 S technology (Remote Sensing:RS)、 (Global Positioning System GPS)、 (Grographic Information System：GIS) Remote sensing including satellite remote sensing and remote sensing, remote sensing da
20、ta topographic map surveying as the important means in practice has a wide range of applications, satellite remote sensing for mapping is also mine of study and has made some significant results, based on remote sensing data to build digital terrain model (DTM) and then used in surveying and mapping
21、 work has won more applications. GPS as a cause of surveying and mapping in the traditional concept of major change technology, has become a main technology of land measurement method, also is the most potential mobile technology, in mine measurement, control survey, project survey, environment moni
22、toring, disaster prevention and reduction of the navigation transport plays a significant role. Because not only have all-weather GPS, high precision and high flexibility, and the advantages of the traditional measuring technology without strict control, compared the level measurement, dont take poi
23、nts between depending on the point, without the need to build standard, there is no error accumulation, the three dimensional positioning etc, and in the field measurement model, error sources and data processing to the traditional concept of surveying and mapping is a revolutionary change. The geog
24、raphic information system as the geographical distribution of space of therelevant data collecting, processing, management, analysis of computer technology system, and its development and application of surveying and mapping the development of science is of great significance, is the modern mapping
25、technology of important technical support. With 3 S integration or integrated as the leading technology of space information system has gradually become the surveying and mapping learning or the earth informatics new technology system and the work pattern, its advanced nature, timeliness obvious. Wi
26、th the space information technology for technical support, modern surveying and mapping instruments, technology is in rapid development in. The measurement of the remote sensing technology in the mines application has experienced a long time, and has accumulated rich experience. For remote sensing,
27、it can be used as remote sensing data mining on the data topographic map surveying data source, like a piece of correction, through visual interpretation, field adjustable draw the work, complete the topographic map surveying and mapping. Compared with the traditional mapping method, using remote se
28、nsing data of mapping speed, low cost, high precision, it is a kind of application very extensive mapping method. Remote sensing in mine measurement of the applications of the key theory and technology also is in the investigation. Application of remote sensing data mining area, can obtain real-time
29、, dynamic and comprehensive information source, to the mining area environment monitoring of the mining area environment protection to provide decision support. Remote sensing data mining area for prospecting, geological conditions, roof and floor of coal seam in such aspects as research has been ap
30、plied, all these, explains the application of remote sensing technique in mining measurement is mine surveying realize its modern task important guarantee. GPS technology in the measurement of the mine is mainly applied to replace traditional ground surveying and mapping work. Using GPS technology s
31、uch as mining surface movement monitoring, hydrology monitoring, mining area control elevation hole net establishment or measure, reform, GPS receiver with performance to price has been rising, and its application in the measurement of mine work the ground has become a part of the modern mine survey
32、 is an important support technology. Used in mining area the geographic information system is for mine geographical information system, or called mine material source environment alinformation system (MRIES). MREIS has become the important developing direction mine survey. With mining area environme
33、nt resources information system as a platform to all kinds of measurement techniques for data acquisition approach, can build a collection of data acquisition, processing, management, analysis and output in one of the automation, intelligent technology system, as the sustainable development of minin
34、g decision support system. Mine survey MREIS work is to establish the fist work, and to create a MREIS mine surveying is an inevitable trend. Therefore, the GPS in the mining area is first applied used in a mine measurement information system established measurement, and then based on this establish
35、 the mining area environment information system resources. Space information technology is mine surveying realize its modern task of important technical support and guarantee, 3 S technology and other measuring instrument technology on the basis of the organic combination of the mining area environm
36、ent information system is the spatial data information technology in mine survey of the applications of the comprehensive results. 3 .the inertial measurement system and its application in the measurement of the mine The inertial measurement system (Inertial ISS) is a kind of navigation and position
37、ing technology, have all-w, autonomous, fast can flexible and advantages, the earth measurement, engineering surveying and mining measure the work of automation and versatility provided another kind of new technology. It is to use the principle of inertial navigation, and earn geodetic data (longitu
38、de and latitude, elevation, azimuth, gravity anomaly and vertical deflection, etc.) of a kind of technology system. ISS can be divided into two categories: platform utility system and type system in the field of surveying and mapping, ISS main application target includes: (1) control measure, such a
39、s the existing control point review, encryption, and aerial control, etc.; (2) pipeline monitoring, orientation, crustal deformation, the surface subsidence observation; (3) underground positioning, all kinds of engineering and construction measure; (4) earthquake, gravity survey, geophysical resear
40、ch; (5) shaft and cans of vertical way beam of monitoring, etc. GPS/ISS combination system is to meet high precision navigation and positioning of the development direction of the request. This combination system can make the GPS and the performance of theISS, can get a lot of complementary to the w
41、hole land measurement model dataprocessing, and make sure that 3 d coordinate and the positioning and the precision of the navigation unstable, and increased significantly. The inertial measurement system in mine to the measurement of the Lord is applied in application in themeasurement of the appli
42、cation, the activities of the underground measurement, and of course the ground also has been applied in many fields, such as stated above. ISS in mines in China, the application in the measurement of work is to carry out in-depth,continue to develop. With GPS + ISS combination system used in mines
43、measurement is a promising a technologyFour other new technology in the new instrument of surveying and mapping application to the measurement of the mineOther modern surveying and mapping instruments, such as laser point to meter, the gyro th, digital levels and related technology are all mine surv
44、eying and mapping measurement is used, and with the instrument technology as the foundation, formed many mining measurement instrument, as mine survey for the application of modern instruments and techniques. Mine survey as a cross subject, the development and the progress and the mining technology
45、and the development of the mining project, measuring instruments and equipment of science and technology and the development of other subjects like mathematical science, computer science, etc, the development are closely related. Modern mapping technology is based on the electronic technology, space
46、 technology, optical technology, computer technology based on comprehensive technology, and has the intelligence, automation and so on a series of advantages. Modern science and technology, the rapid development of surveying and mapping can surely promote the further development of mine survey. With
47、 modern technology, mining engineering surveying and mapping technology and related science and technology as the foundation, the mine survey will form and collect data acquisition, processing, management, transmission, analysis, expression, application, output for the integration of intelligence, a
48、utomation technology system for mine resources, environmental information system establishment provide fundamental material, promoting mine sustainable development. 测绘在矿山测量中的发展 七十年代以来，随着电子技术和激光技术的发展，光电结合型的测绘仪器(如测距仪、全站仪、陀螺仪)对传统的测绘仪器方法产生了深刻的影响。以卫星遥感、全球定位系统为代表的空间对地观测技术在测绘科学中的应用日趋成熟，以计算机技术、系统科学为基础的地理信息系
49、统的出现和应用为多源测绘信息的获取、分析、管理、处理及其充分应用提供了有力的技术支持，自动化、智能化的测绘系统已处于研究之中，因此可以说，现代测绘技术正在经历着一场深刻的革命。矿山测量技术的一个重要应用领域，在广大的煤矿、金属矿山、有色矿山等的生产过程中发挥着重要的作用。矿山测量的现代任务是：在矿山勘探、设计、开发和生产运营的各个阶段，对矿区地面和地下的空间、资源、(以矿产和土地资源为主)和环境信息进行采集、存储、处理、显示、利用，为合理、有效地开发资源、保护资源、保护环境、治理环境服务，为工矿区的持续发展报务。为了实现其现代任务，矿山测量必须充分应用现代测绘仪器和技术，将先进的现代技术同矿山测量的实际工作、具体特点相结合，拓宽矿山测量的生存空间和业务范围，促进矿山测量的改革和发展，适应市场经济体制和矿山体制改革的需要。全站仪、空间信息技术、惯性测量系统等现代测绘仪器技术均已在矿山测量中得到了应用并正在不断向纵深发展。为此本文对现代测绘仪器技术的发展及其在矿山测量的应用进行系统的分析和研究，以使矿山测量更好地服务于矿山可持续发展。 现代测绘仪器、技术及其在矿山测量中的应用： 1 全站仪及其在矿山测量中的应用：
