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1、英译汉2中西方建筑文化差异The Differences in History and Culture between Chinese and Western Architecture 中西方建筑文化差异 Architecture is not only the precipitation of human civilization, but also the carrier of human civilization. It reveals the ideological concept, religious feelings and aesthetic interests of all p
2、eoples in all regions to us with its distinctive language expressions. 建筑是人类文明的沉淀，也是人类文明的载体。它以其独特的语言方式向人们倾述着各地区、各民族的思想观念、宗教情感、审美情趣等等。 Therefore, Chinese and the west with different regions, history and culture also have different architectural philosophy. Meanwhile, the Chinese people and westerners
3、 also have quite differences on aesthetic standards, character and temperament. All these impact the local arts of architectural design. 所以地域和历史文化截然不同的中西方也有着不同的建筑理念。同时中西方的人审美观念、性格气质也有着相当的差异，这些都在无形地影响着当地的建筑设计艺术。 Chinese and the west with different regions, history and culture also have different arch
4、itectural philosophy. Meanwhile, the Chinese people and westerners also have quite differences on aesthetic standards, character and temperament. All these impact the local arts of architectural design. 地域和历史文化截然不同的中西方也有着不同的建筑理念。同时中西方的人审美观念、性格气质也有着相当的差异，这些都在无形地影响着当地的建筑设计艺术。 Therefore, at first, we s
5、pecially discussed some differences on the root of the architecture between the east and the west. Herein, I take Greece as the western representative. 因此，特地在此探讨一下东西方的建筑根源上的一些差异。在这里，以希腊为西方的代表。 Building materials, reflected the different between Chinese and western material culture and philosophy of
6、the differences. Judging from the building materials, in modern architecture not produced before, all the world has developed mature construction system, including belong to eastern architecture of Indian architecture inside, basically, are for major construction materials to bricky build, belongs t
7、o the brick structure system. Such as the pyramids in Egypt, ancient Greek temple, Roman chichen itza, the ShuShuiDao, in Europe in the middle ages, the church. All are built with stone material, notting have is not the stone in the history of historical left testimony. 建筑材料，体现了中西不同的物质文化和哲学的差异。从建筑材料
8、来看，在现代建筑中产生之前，全世界已经发展成熟的建筑体系，包括属于东方建筑印度建筑里面，基本上是主要的建筑材料砖建造，属于砖混结构体系。如埃及的金字塔，古希腊神庙，罗马奇琴伊察的shushuidao，在中世纪的欧洲，教会都是用石材建造的，无一不是“石头”在见证历史。 Only in Chinese ancient buildings (including neighbouring Japan, Korea and other regions) is the wood to do the main frame houses, belong to timberwork system, thus i
9、s known as wood history. 只有在中国古建筑是木材做的主要框架的房屋，属于木结构系统，因而被称为“木”的历史。 The layout of architectural space, reflect the different characteristics between Chinese and western system culture, the difference. 建筑空间的布局，体现了中西方制度文化的不同特征，差异性。 China whatever building, from housing to the palace, almost is a patter
10、n, similar to the quad mode. The beauty of Chinese architecture is a kind of collective beauty. For example; Beijing palace, the Ming tombs Ming temple, qufu 中国建筑，无论从房屋到宫殿，几乎是一个模式，类似“四”模式。中国建筑的美是一种“集体”的美。例如，曲阜宫，明陵明寺，北京城。 The first difference is that the architectures in Greek are perceptual and perf
11、ectly seek for plastic arts and formal beauty. However, the Chinese architecture is greatly influenced by ethic thoughts. 第一个不同的是，希腊的建筑是感性的，完美的追求造型艺术和形式美。然而，中国建筑受到伦理思想的巨大影响。 The second difference is on history and culture between Chinese and western architecture is the spirit of democracy in the wes
12、t and autocratic and hierarchical thinking in China. 第二个区别是中西建筑的历史文化，是西方民主精神的精神，是中国的专制和等级思维。 The third difference is the mysterious religious content of the western architecture and harmonic realism in China. The westerners believe in god and have a kind of extraordinary devotion to religion. Howeve
13、r, the Chinese people believe that their fates will be in their own hands. 第三大差异是中国西方建筑的神秘宗教内容和中国的和谐现实主义。西方人信奉上帝，对宗教有一种非凡的奉献精神。然而，中国人相信他们的命运将在他们自己的手中。 Firstly, we discuss the perceptional architecture in Greece. The ancient Greek architecture pursued plastic arts, and each building seemed to be a sc
14、ulpture. They pursued harmony and considered that human body was the most harmonious and beautiful shape in the world. The physical beauty is well reflected in their architectures. For instance, the Doric order represented male model is resolute and magnificent. The Ionic order represented female mo
15、del is gentle and graceful. 首先我们来讨论一下希腊建筑的感性化。古希腊建筑追求造型艺术，每个建筑就如一个雕塑品。他们追求和谐，并认为人体是世界上最和谐最美的形体。人体美在他们的建筑上得到了很好的体现，如代表男体的多立克柱式刚毅雄伟，代表女体的爱奥尼柱式柔和端丽。 Next, we explored the spirit of ethics in Chinese architecture. Contrary to the tendency of pursuing formal beauty, attractive appearance and sculpture in
16、 Greece, the Chinese people dont pursue the external beauty but consider that the architecture is the place of living, thinking and cultivating moral, and should focus on ethics. 接下来探讨中国建筑的伦理精神。与希腊人追求形式美、造型美、雕塑感的倾向相反，中国人不求外在形式的美感，而是认为建筑是生活、思考、养德的地方，应以伦理为重点. The thought of group harmony is the charac
17、teristics of Chinese architectural aesthetics, but also the unique ideas of Chinese architecture. Therefore, Chinese architecture is mainly in horizontal development, as to weaken the highlight of the individual architecture greatly. This kind of layout became dominant depending on the overall momen
18、tum of the symmetry, concert and good order among groups instead of the modeling of individual architecture.Chinese people have surprising control ability to the architectural groups. 群体和谐的思想是中国建筑美学的特征，也正是中国建筑的独特理念。因此中国建筑以向水平方向发展为主，极力削弱个体建筑的突出。这种形式的布局，不是以单体建筑的造型取胜，而是以群体的对称、呼应、错落有序形成整体气势。中国人有着令人惊讶的对建
19、筑群体的驾驭能力。 In the group harmony of Chinese architectures, it is characterized by “courtesy” of the Confucianism. “Courtesy” is the criteria of dividing into the differences among people. Therefore, it has clear expression on the primary and secondary in architecture. The architectures with different
20、grades have the corresponding position, form, color and roof styles, etc. All these also reflected the ethics of Chinese architecture.For instance, in the Forbidden City, all the buildings are arranged in a certain courtesy order, so as to show the tremendous momentum. 中国建筑的群体和谐中，以儒家的“礼”的思想为特色。“礼”是一
21、种划分人与人之间差异区别的标准，因此，建筑中有着鲜明的主次表达。不同级别的建筑有着与自身级别相应的位置、形式、色彩、屋顶样式等等。这也正体现了中国建筑的伦理观念。 The second difference on history and culture between Chinese and western architecture is the spirit of democracy in the west and autocratic and hierarchical thinking in China. 中西方建筑历史文化的第二个差异是西方的民主精神和和中国的专制等级思想。 In the
22、 ancient Greek architectures, the large-scale buildings are often established according to the topography, not emphasized the axis symmetry and hierarchical thinking. For instance, in the Acropolis of Athens, the layout of buildings is in accordance with the topography. The free and lively layout ma
23、kes people full of vigor more than in a solemn and awe-inspiring atmosphere. 在古希腊建筑中，大型建筑往往依地势而建，并不强调中轴对称和等级思想。如雅典的建筑卫城中，建筑物的安排顺应地势，布局方式自由活泼，给人的感觉是生机勃勃多于庄严肃穆。 In the ancient Chinese architectures, there always showed the well-fortified hierarchy from the layout, dimension, structural units, architec
24、tural ornaments, building materials to the city size, even the road width, etc. The strong hierarchy regulations are filled with everywhere. Even some relative laws and regulation involved. 而中国古代建筑中，有着壁垒森严的等级制度，从建筑的布局方位、形体大小、结构构件、建筑装饰、建筑材料到城市大小、道路宽度等等，处处凝聚着强烈的等级规范。甚至还有相关法律规定。 The third difference is
25、 the mysterious religious content of the western architecture and harmonic realism in China. The westerners believe in god and have a kind of extraordinary devotion to religion. However, the Chinese people believe that their fates will be in their own hands. They will be safe and sound if abiding by
26、 the laws and behave themselves. They will be punished if making mistakes. The Chinese people are very realistic. They will not believe in God too much but live in peace and coordinate with reality. Even the ancient Chinese religious buildings are also filled with quite a strong secular color. 第三个差异
27、是西方建筑神秘的宗教色彩和中国调和的现实主义。西方人相信神灵，对宗教有一种极度的虔诚。而中国人相信自己的命运掌握在自己的手中，安分守己就会平安，犯错就会受惩罚。中国人都很现实，不会过分信仰神灵，而是安安稳稳过日子，与现实相协调。就算是中国古代的宗教建筑也有着相当强烈的世俗色彩。 The westerners paid more attention to the religious buildings. In the ancient buildings, the religious buildings often represent the top level of the architectu
28、re at that time. The designers applied the vertical space sequence and upward straight form to express the peoples worship to the God and the eager yearning and infatuation to the heaven. The westerners paid less attention to the secularity and authority than the Chinese, but paid more attention to
29、the God in their minds. They established many immortal temples and churches with the best materials and techniques. 西方对宗教建筑极为重视，在古建筑中宗教建筑往往代表着时代建筑的最高水平。设计师们使用垂直发展的空间序列和挺拔向上的形式，来表达人们对神的崇拜以及对天国的热切向往和痴迷。西方人不像中国人重视世俗皇权，而是重视自己心灵中的神，用最好的材料、最好的技术来建造一座座名垂千古的神庙和教堂。 In addition, the architects often make use
30、of shadow to create the rich and mysterious atmosphere in religious buildings, whether Parthenon or the Pantheon and temples and Christ church, their internal space have some mysterious power to guide the spirit of the present people to the elusive and distant place. 此外，建筑师往往在宗教建筑里利用光影营造出浓郁的神秘气氛，无论是帕提农神庙，还是万神庙和基督教的教堂，它们的内部空间都具有某种神秘的感召力量，讲置身其中的人们的精神引导向缥缈的远方。
