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1、虚拟语气练习题英语虚拟语气讲解?英语虚拟语气讲解语气 (mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。直陈语气(indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。祈使语气 (imperative mood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生
2、或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。如：If it doesnt rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。 条件从句 主句 与现在事实相反 If 主语 +动词过去式 should +动词原形 与过去事实相反 If 主语 +had+过去分词 should + have 过去分词 与将来事实可能相反 If 主语 +动词过去式；
3、should动词原形；were to动词原形 should +动词原形 1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式 (be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should + have 过去分词。如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。
4、If she hadnt called me, I would have overslept this morning.今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。3. 与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were)； should动词原形；were to动词原形，主句用should +动词原形。如：If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French.明年我要是二十岁，我就会学法语。If it should fail, I would try agai
5、n.要是失败了，我会再试一次。虚拟过去式有时并不表示“不大可能实现的假设”，而是表示一种希望或不希望发生的动作。如：If we caught the early train, wed get there by lunch time.假如我们赶上早班火车，到午饭时间我们就会到达那里了。(表希望)If we missed the train, we should have to wait an hour at the station.假如我们赶不上这班火车，我们就得在车站等一小时。4. 混合型的条件句当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应
6、，这种条件句叫混合条件句。较多见的混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时，而主句用一般时。He would pass the test if he had taken my advice如果他听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now. 假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么办了。You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假如你接受了我的意见，你现在就会好得多。如条件从句用if I were.，主句则可用表任何时间的虚
7、拟形式。如：If I were not busy, I would have come.假如我不忙，我就会去了。(were表过去)If I were you, I would go.假如我是你，我会去的。(were表现在)二. 连词if的省略如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were，had和should时，可省略if，把were，had和should放到从句主语前面去，多见于书面语。Had you not helped me， I should have failed.要是没有你的帮助，我就失败了。Were you in my position, you would do the same. 假如你
8、处在我的地位，你也会这样干的。Should they attack us, well wipe them out completely. 假如他们进攻我们，我们就把他们彻底消灭干净。三. 含蓄条件句虚拟条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况。1) 条件暗含在短语中。如：But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment. 如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功的。(暗含在分词短词but for your help)What would I have done wi
9、thout you? 如没有你，我会怎么办呢？(条件暗含在介词短语without you 中)It would be easier to do it this way. 这样做会比较容易。(条件暗含在不定式短语 to do it this way中)This same thing, happening in wartime, amount to disaster. 同样的事，如发生在战时，就会酿成大祸。(条件暗含在分词短语happening in wartime 中)He must have the strength of a hippopotamus, or he never could h
10、ave vanquished that great beast. 他一定是力大如河马，否则他绝不会击败那只庞大的野兽。(暗含条件是连词or)Alone, he would have been terrified. 如是单独一人，他是会感到害怕的。(暗含条件是alone)2) 条件暗含在上下文中。如：You might stay here forever. 你可以永远待在这儿。(可能暗含if you wanted to)We would have succeeded. 我们本来是会成功的。(可能暗含if we had kept trying)Your reputation would be ru
11、ined. 你的名誉会败坏的。(可能暗含 if you should accept it)3) 在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。如：You wouldnt know. 你不会知道。I would like to come. 我愿意来。四. 不用if引导的条件从句虚拟条件句中的条件从句除用if引外，还可用when, unless, lest, suppose, as if, for fear, in case, on condition 等词语来引导。如：The peasants prepared to feed the city when it should be f
12、reed. 农民已准备在这座城市解放后供给粮食。Lest you should not have heard all, I shall begin at the beginning. 我怕你没有听全，所以我再从头开始讲一遍。Unless I were well, I wouldnt be at school. 除非我好了，否则我不会上学。Suppose you were given a chance to study in America , would you accept? 假如给你一个到美国学习的机会，你会接受吗？Supposing it were so？要是这样的话，会怎么样呢？He
13、can use the bicycle on condition that he should return it tomorrow如果明天能还回来，他就可以借用这辆自行车。In case I forget , please remind me of my promise 如果我忘了，请提醒我的诺言。Susan is walking slowly ,as if she were tired. 苏珊走得很慢，就像是累了似的。与if一样，上述词语所引导的条件从句亦可用直陈语气，表可能实现或发生的事。五. 习题1If he had not missed the train, he _ by then
14、. Amight get Bmight have got Cgot Dhad got 2If I _ out of my ink, I would have finished writing the paper.Adidnt runBshouldnt run Chavent runDhadnt run 3I would have gone to the meeting，if I _ more timeAhad had Bhave had ChadDwould have had4I could have done better if I _ more timeAhave had Bhad Cha
15、d had Dwill have had5If I _ you，I wouldnt return the callAbe Bam Cwas Dwere6 _ today，he would get there by FridayAWould he leave BWas he leavingCWere he to leave DIf he leaves7If I had hurried，I _ the train Awould catch Bcould catchCwould have caught Dhad caught8If you had been with us，you _ our exc
16、itementAhave understoodBunderstood Cwill understand Dwould have understood9Without your help，we _ so muchAwill not achieve Bdidnt achieveCdont achieve Dwould not have achieved 10If he _ the storekeepers scissors, he would have forgotten to buy a pairAwould not seen Bhad not seenChad seen? Dhas seen1
17、1But for water，it _ impossible to live in the desertAis Bwas Cwere Dwouldnt be12 _ it_ for your help，I couldnt have made any progressAHad；not been BShould；not beenCDid；not been DNot；be13Long _ the Party！Alives Blive Cwill live Dshould live14If only I _ my car！Ahadnt lost Bwould not loseCdidnt lose D
18、havent lost15 _ I be free tomorrow，I could go with youACouldBShould CMightDMust参考答案1.B 2. D 3A 4C 5D? 6C 7C 8D 9D 10B11D 12A 13B 14A 15B解析1. 对过去事情的假设，要用would / might have done sth.来表达。2. 根据would have finished可以推断应该是过去时，可以推断从句应该用过去完成时。5. 对现在的假设，如果是动词be，一般用were的形式。9. without, but for都是暗含条件的短语。它可以转换成条件
19、句，即If we had not had your help，是对过去情况的假设，所以应该选D。虚拟语气练习题1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _ the book from which it was made. 6,11,15,18,22,26A. have read B. had read ?C. should have read D. are reading2.You are late. If you _ a few minutes earlier, you _ him.A. come; would meetB. had come; wo
20、uld have metC. come; will meet D. had come; would meet3.The two students talked as if they _ friends for years.A. should be B. would be? C. have been D. had been4.It is important that I _ with Mr. Williams immediately.A. speakB. spoke? C. will speak D. to speak5.He looked as if he _ ill for a long t
21、ime.A. was B. Were? C. has been D. had been6.If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not _.A. have laid there for two hours B. have been lied there for two hoursC. have lied there for two hoursD. have lain there for two hours7.I wish that I _ with you last night.A. went B. could goC. ha
22、ve goneD. could have gone8.Lets say you could go there again, how _ feel?A. will youB. should youC. would you D. do you9.I cant stand him. He always talks as though he _ everything.A. knew B. knowsC. has known D. had known10._ the fog, we should have reached our school.A. Because of B. In spite ofC.
23、 In case of D. But for11.If you had told me in advance, I _ him at the airport.A. would meet B. would had metC. would have met D. would have meet12.Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_ me how.A. teaches B. will teachC. has taught D. would teach13.I would h
24、ave told him the answer, had it been possible, but I _ so busy then.A. had beenB. wereC. was D. would be14.Hes working hard for fear that he _.A. should fall behindB. fell behindC. may fall behind D. would fallen behind15.If it _ another ten minutes, the game would have been called off.A. had rained
25、B. would have rainedC. have seen D. rained16.He suggested that they _ use a trick instead of fighting.A. should B. wouldC. do D. had17.My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _ there.A. not went B. wont goC. not go D. not to go18.I would have gone to the meeting if I _ time.A.
26、 had had B. have hadC. had D. would have had19.Would you rather I _ buying a new bike?A. decided againstB. will decide againstC. have decided D. shall decide against20.You look so tired tonight. It is time you _.A. go to sleep B. went to sleepC. go to bed D. went to bed21.Why didnt you buy a new car
27、? I would have bought one if I _ enough money.A. had B. have hadC. would have D. had had22.If she could sew, _.A. she make a dress B. she would have made a shirtC. she will make a shirt D. she would had made a coat23._ today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leave B. Was he leavingC. Were he
28、 to leave D. If he leaves24.His doctor suggested that he _ a short trip abroad.A. will takeB. would takeC. takeD. took25.The Bakers arrived last night. If theyd only let us know earlier,_ at the station.A. wed meet them B. well meet themC. wed have met them D. weve met them26.If I _ you, I _ more at
29、tention to English idioms and phrases.A. was; shall pay B. am; will payC. would be; would pay D. were; would pay27.We might have failed if you _ us a helping hand.A. have not givenB. would not giveC. had not given D. did not give28.The law requires that everyone _ his car checked at least once a yea
30、r.A. has B. hadC. have D. will have29.It is strange that he _ so.A. would say B. would speakC. should sayD. will speak30.Had I known her name, _A. or does she know mine?B. and where does she live?C. she would be beautiful. D. I would have invited her to lunch.31.He has just arrived, but he talks as
31、if he _ all about that.A. know B. knowsC. known D. knew32.If I _ the money, I would have bought a much bigger car.A. possessed B. ownedC. had D. had had33.He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he _ to the meeting.A. would come B. cameC. would have comeD. will come34.The librarian insists that John
32、_ no more books from the library before he returns all the books he has borrowed.A. will take B. tookC. takeD. takes35.I left very early last night, but I wish I _ so early.A. didnt leave B. hadnt leftC. havent left D. couldnt leave36.I do not have a job. I would find one but I _ no time.A. had B. d
33、idnt haveC. had had D. have37.I wish that you _ such a bad headache because Im sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.A. hadnt B. didnt have hadC. hadnt had D. hadnt have38.He insisted that we all _ in his office at one oclock.A. be B. to beC. would be D. shall be39.Helen couldnt go to France
34、after all. Thats too bad. Im sure she would have enjoyed it if _.A. shes gone B. shell goC. shed gone D. shed go15 BBDAD 610 DDCAD 1115 CDCAA1620 ACAAD2125 DBCCC 2630 DCCCD 3135 DDCCB 3639 DCAC解析：1.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。2.条件句表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用过去完成时。3.as if后面如果表示真实情况就不用虚拟。4.It is importan
35、t that是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用sb. should do的形式。5.as if后面是真实情况，不虚拟。6.lain是lie的过去分词，表示“躺”。7.could have done表示“本来可以”。8.与将来相反的虚拟语气，主句用过去将来时。9.as if表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。10.but for表示“要不是的话”，通常与虚拟语气搭配使用。11.in advance表示“事先”，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。12.wish的宾语从句表示发生在将来的愿望用过去将来时。13.but的并列句表示真实情况，不用虚拟语气。14.for fear that后面的状语从句用sb. sh
36、ould do的形式。15.表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用过去完成时。16.suggest后面的宾语从句用sb. should do的形式。17.suggest后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。18.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。19.would rather的宾语从句用sb. did的形式。20.It is time后面的定语从句用sb. did的形式。21.第一个had是过去完成时，第二个had表示“有”。22.would have done是过去将来完成时，表示与过去相反的虚拟语气。23.这是虚拟语气的倒装形式，把if去掉，助动
37、词提前。24.suggest后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。25.表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时。26.在虚拟语气中，不管什么人称，be动词都要用were的形式。27.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。28.require后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。29.It is strange that是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用sb. should do的形式。30.had I known是与过去相反的虚拟语气的倒装形式。31.as if表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。32.第一个had是过去完成时，第二个had
38、表示“有”。33.otherwise经常可以搭配虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反。34.当insist表示“坚持认为”时不用虚拟形式。35.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。36.but的并列句表示真实情况，不用虚拟语气。37.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。38.当insist表示“坚持要求”时从句用虚拟形式。39.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。虚拟语气补充讲解虚拟语气除主要用于条件句外，还可用于主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句等。1. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用?“常用在It is (was)+形容词 / 过去分词+that引导的主语
39、从句”的句型中的主语从句要用虚拟语气。主语从句的谓语用should+动词原形(或should+have+过去分词)或只用动词原形(尤其是美国英语)。should在此是助动词，本身并无实义，这种主语从句中的should有时有感情色彩。Its important that wework out a plan. Its better that he go at once. 用于本句型的形容词并不多，常见形容词有：necessary，important，best, right, impossible，preferable，desirable, imperative, advisable，essenti
40、al，reserved，urgent， 等。It is necessary that hebe sent there at once Its strange that he should say so.I was glad that he should go.It is important that we should speak politely. It is a pity that she should fare so badly.Its right that you should think that way. 用于本句型中的过去分词就是表示提议要求、命令等动词的过去分词，如sugges
41、ted，settled, required，requested，demanded，urged，decided, proposed，ordered，desired，advised等。It is requested that Professor Liugive us a lecture It is desired that weget everything ready by tonightIm ashamed you should have done such a thing. It has been suggested that the meetingbe put off有人建议推迟会议。It
42、is settled that you leave us, then?注意：这种句型中的主语从句也可用陈述语气，如：It was important that he made an explicit statement on this score last week. 他上个星期对于这一方面做了明确的说明，这是很重要的。2. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用1). 宾语从句在表示提议、要求、命令、意志等动词后，其谓语用should+动词原形或只用动词原形的虚拟语气，作为suggest，request，demand，urge，propose，prefer，advise，insist，require，order，command，maintain，ask，object, arrange, desire等动词的宾语。如：The doctor suggested that he not go there医生建议他不要去那里。He suggested that we should leave early. 他建议我们早点动身。The judge ordered that the prisone
