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1、非谓语动词特殊用法非谓语动词特殊用法： 一.下列情况用不定式： .sth. be adj(harddifficulteasyheavy) to do The question is difficult to answer. .sb. have sth. to do I have a lot of work to do. .There be sth. to doto be done There is nothing to talk about. .find (thinkfeelconsidermakebelieve) it adj to do sth There is no need to do
2、. 一般介词后面不可用不定式作宾语， He has no choice but to lie down and sleep. She did nothing but cry. 注：不定式作结果/程度状语常见五种结构: so.as to do 如此以致 suchas to do如此以致enough()to do 足以 tooto do 太而不能only to do 结果/未曾料到-做了某事 二在“have difficulty (trouble, problem, a hard time, fun, a good time) (+in) + doing； be busy (in) +doing；
3、 There is no point (in) + doing”等结构中， in常要省去。 The children are busy doing their homework.孩子们忙于做作业。 There is no point (in) making the simple experiments once again.再做一次这种简单的实验是毫无意义的。三在worth后面只能用-ing的主动态来表示被动意义。 His suggestion is worth considering,此句可转换成：His suggestion is worthy to be considered. 四下列动
4、词既可不定式作宾语也可不定式作宾补：wantexpectwishpromise +(sb) to do 五get have leavekeep +sb doing (使处于某状态) Im sorry Ive kept you waiting. 六注意下列动词的用法： allow adviseforbidpermitintend (sb) considersb to do doing be used to do被用来做某事doing习惯做某事 cant help doing 情不自禁做某事 to do不能帮助做某事 love， like ，prefer doing一般性经常动作 to do 一次
5、性动作 need，require，want (需要) doing= to be done try to do 试图做某事 doing 试着做某事 start，begin，continue,doing to do stop to do 去做另一事 doing 停止做某事 go on to do 继续做另一件事 doing 继续做同一件事 mean to do 想要做某事 doing 意味做某事 remember, forget, regret doing ing动作先于谓动 to do 不定式动作后于谓动 catch + sb doing (撞见某人正在做某事) I caught a man s
6、tealing my purse. 七固定搭配 ：必须用-ed做状语 be located in be fixed on be buried in be locked be lost in thought be dressed in be caught in the rain be separated from be satisfied with be seated be engaged in be armed with eg.Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 八独立成分作状语 Generally spea
7、king 一般来说 judging from 根据来判断 Frankly speaking 坦白的说 considering 考虑到 To tell you the truth 说实话 九特殊逻辑主语及复合结构 1. 名词/主格代词+不定式(作状语)He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。 特殊结构：1) It +be +adj +for sb to do sth.表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。 Eg. It is very important for us to learn
8、English. 2) It +be +adj +of sb to do sth 表示“做某事某人怎么样” Eg.It is kind of you to help me. 2主格代词/名词+doing (作状语) eg.The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。 3形物代/名词所有格+doing(作主语,)eg.His arriving added to our difficulties. My brothers telling lies made me very angry. 4 形物代/宾格/名词所有格/名词普通格+d
9、oing (作宾语 )eg.He suggested our/us trying it once again. 5主格代词/名词+done (作状语) Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。 十独立主格结构 独立主格结构有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词或其他的一些词。前后两 部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况 等。(主从句主语不一致，从句可变为非谓语，带有自己的逻辑主语) 常见的独立主格结构有如下几种： 1. 名词/主格代词+现在分词
10、。名词/主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系。如： The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn”t know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。 Time permitting (= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。 2. 名词/主格代词+过去分词。名词/主格代词与过去分词之间的动宾关系。如： The problems solved (= As the problems were sol
11、ved), the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。 Her glasses broken (= Because her glasses were broken), she couldn”t see the words on the blackboard. 由于眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。 3. 名词/主格代词+不定式。名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。如： He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞
12、机模型。 They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。 4. 名词/主格代词+形容词。如： An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。 So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。 5. 名词/主格代词+副词。如： He put on his
13、 sweater wrong side out. 他把毛衣穿反了。 The meeting over, they all went home. 会议一结束，他们就都回家了。 6. 名词/主格代词+介词短语。如： The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. 那男孩手里拿着书去教室。 Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。 7. There being +名词如： There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。 There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。 8. It being +名词如： It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故，*机关都休息。 It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。
