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1、成才之路 英语,路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索,外研版 选修8,The Renaissance,Module 2,1.1.1集合的概念,第一课时Introduction&Reading and Vocabulary,1.1.1集合的概念,Module 2,.重点单词1(文艺的)复兴的(n.)_2引起烦恼的；令人不安的(adj.)_被打扰的(adj.)_打扰；扰乱(v.)_3(绘画，摄影等的)主题(n.)_4枯燥的；沉闷的(adj.)_5基本上，本质上，大致说来(adv.)_,renaissance,disturbing,disturbed,disturb,subject,dull,basica
2、lly,6作品(n.)_7效果；作用(n.)_8(图画等中的)阴影；阴暗部分(n.)_9激发，激励(v.)_动机，刺激；推动(n.)_10有技巧的，熟练的(adj.)_技能，技巧(n.)_,work,effect,shade,motivate,motivation,skilled,skill,.重点短语1more_多于；不仅仅2wake_唤醒；醒来3contrast_与形成对照4hand_hand手拉手；密切合作5_the first time第一次；首次6as_as也；不仅而且7_short总之；简言之,than up with inforwellin,.语篇感知Read the passa
3、ge carefully and fill in the blanks.The Renaissance，a French word，which means 1.“_”，appeared in the English language in the 19th century.It described a period of 2._and the beginning of the modern world.From Italy，it 3._all over Europe where artists found new ideas for their work in 4._Greece and Ro
4、me.They also opened new 5._in the arts such as painters use of 6._and the 7._of light.,The sense of exploration which 8._the artists also developed together with a new type of philosophy.Besides，it was also a time of scientific invention，when Leonardo，the 9._genius，did a lot in the scientific resear
5、ch.In short，the Renaissance made great 10._to the development of Europe.答案：1.rebirth2.exploration3.spread4.classical5frontiers6.perspective7.effects8.motivated9extraordinary10.contributions,1disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的Now and then some disturbing letters made the little girl unsleeping.骚扰信时不时地使得那个小女孩
6、睡不好觉。,知识拓展disturb vt.打扰某人，弄乱某物Im sorry to disturb you with a question.对不起，打扰你了，我有个问题向您请教。It is quite wrong for some young men to disturb the peace.一些年轻人扰乱治安是非常错误的。,辨析disturbed和disturbingdisturbed adj.“受干扰的，心神不安的”，修饰人；disturbing adj.“令人不安的，干扰人的”，修饰物。I was deeply disturbed by the news.这消息使我深感不安。This i
7、s a piece of disturbing news.这是一则令人不安的消息。,即学即用选词填空(1)He brought us a piece of_news.(disturbing；disturbed)(2)She was_to hear you had been injured in the accident.(disturb；disturbed),(3)Please dont_me while Im working.(disturbing；disturb)(4)The machine_my sleep every night.(disturb；disturbs)答案：(1)dist
8、urbing(2)disturbed(3)disturb(4)disturbs,2subject n.C(绘画，摄影等的)主题The subject of the music is a love story.这首音乐的主题是爱情故事。,知识拓展(1)subject n.学科；科目；话题；(语法)主语What subject did you have yesterday?你们昨天上的是什么课？What is the subject of that sentence?那个句子的主语是什么？(2)subjective adj.主观的,辨析subject，theme，topic,He wrote to
9、 me on the subject of changing his job.他写信给我，主要说他调动工作的事。The theme of the poem is love and peace.这首诗的主题是爱情与和平。We have common topics to talk about.我们有共同的话题可谈。,即学即用完成句子别想改变话题！Stop trying to_！答案：change the subject,3effect n效果；作用The brown grass is the effect of the dry weather.草黄了是天气干旱的结果。Do you think th
10、e medicine will have any effect on your headache?你认为这种药会对你的头疼病有效吗？,知识拓展have an effect on/upon 对产生影响be of no effect 无效，没有作用bring/put.into effect 实行，实施，使生效come into effect 开始生效，开始实施take effect 见效，生效，实施in effect 实际上；(法律、法规)有效，在实行中Punishment had little effect on him.惩罚对他没有什么效果。,辨析affect，effect，influence
11、(1)affect为动词，指“产生的影响之大足以引起反应”，着重“影响”的动作，有时含有“对产生不利影响”的意思。(2)effect作“结果；效果；影响”讲时是名词，常见搭配有：have an effect on对有影响；put into effect“实行；实施”；take effect“生效；实行；见效；起作用”。(3)influence既可作动词又可作名词，指“通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的、潜移默化的影响”。,The entire country was affected by the drought.全国都受到了旱灾的影响。His speech deeply a
12、ffected the audience.他的演讲深深地打动了听众。What we read will influence our thinking.我们所阅读的书会影响我们的思想。The film had quite an effect on her.这部影片对她影响极大。,即学即用用effect的相关短语填空(1)The new regulation shall _ _on June 1st.(2)_ _，well be earning less than we were last year.(3)It wont be easy to_the changes_ _.答案：(1)take e
13、ffect(2)In effect(3)put/bring；into effect,4shade nU(图画等中的)阴影；阴暗部分The artist uses light and shade to good effect.这位艺术家很会运用明暗效果。They were sitting in the shade of a tree.他们正坐在树荫下。知识拓展put/throw/cast.into/in the shade使相形失色,图解助记shade，shadow在本质上，shade指一个立体空间，shadow指一个平面。,辨析shade,shadow,即学即用完成句子(1)这些树遮住了阳光，
14、很舒适凉快。The trees give some welcome_from the sun.(2)她把手放在眼睛上方挡住阳光。She_her eyes from the sun with her hand.(3)她的脸冲着暗处。Her face was deep in_.答案：(1)shade(2)shaded(3)shadow,5afford vt.负担得起(的费用、时间等)常用结构：afford名词/代词/不定式，并且afford常与can，could，be able to连用，表示“有足够的时间、金钱等条件做某事”。Now many people cant afford the med
15、ical treatment in the country.现在，在农村许多人看不起病。Reading affords us pleasure.Reading affords pleasure to us.阅读使我们快乐。,即学即用完成句子你怎么会买得起如此昂贵的汽车？_such an expensive car?答案：How can you afford,6employ vt.雇用；利用；忙于She is employed in a bank.她受雇在银行上班。Your article employed so many scientific terms.你的文章用了这么多科学术语。,知识拓展
16、1)employ oneself in.或be employed in.忙于He saw that his daughter was employed in trimming a hat.他看见他的女儿正忙着装饰一顶帽子。2)employer n.雇用者；雇主employee n.雇工；受雇者employable adj.可雇用的；可使用的employment n.雇用；使用；职业,即学即用完成句子她的日子全花在搞园艺和做义工上。Her days are_gardening and voluntary work.答案：employed in,7contrast v.对比，对照It is int
17、eresting to contrast the two proposals.将这两个建议作对照是很有趣的。知识拓展contrast n对比，差别contrast with 和形成对比，和比起来in contrast to/with 和形成对照(对比)by/in contrast 与相比，相比之下Her actions contrasted sharply with her promises.她的行为与她的诺言有天壤之别。,即学即用用in contrast/in contrast with完成句子(1)It is hot in the desert in the day，but_，it is
18、very cold at night.(2)_his brother，he was always considerate in his treatment of others.答案：(1)in contrast(2)In contrast with,8motivate vt.激发，激励；成为做事的动机What motivated him to do such a thing?是什么促使他做这种事的？Examinations do not motivate a student to seek more knowledge.考试不能促使学生去追求更多的知识。,知识拓展motivation nU动力
19、；积极性motivated adj.积极的，主动的My motivation for work is to earn a lot of money.我工作的动力是赚很多钱。He is an excellent studenthighly motivated and very intelligent.他是一个优秀的学生积极性高，而且非常聪明。,即学即用完成句子(1)是什么激励着他这么努力工作？What has_so hard?(2)她的老师说她缺乏学习动力。Her teacher says that she lacks_.答案：(1)motivated him to work(2)motivat
20、ion of study,1more than名词 表示“不仅”Modern science is more than a large amount of information.现代科学不仅仅是大量的信息。Jack is more than a lecturer；he is a writer，too.杰克不仅仅是一位演说家，还是一名作家。,知识拓展(1)more than 数字 表示“多于”(2)more than形容词 表示“很，非常”(3)more.than.表示“是而不是”，肯定more后面的内容，而否定than后面的内容。I have known Tom for more than
21、20 years.我认识汤姆20多年了。More than 50 people attended the meeting，50多人参加了那次会议。,In doing scientific experiments，one must be more than careful.在做科学实验时，一个人必须非常小心。They will be more than glad to help you.他们会非常乐意帮助你。Hearing the loud noise，the boy was more surprised than frightened.听到那个巨大的噪音，与其说那个男孩被吓住了，不如说他非常吃
22、惊。He is more a writer than a teacher.与其说他是一个教师，倒不如说他是一位作家。,即学即用完成句子我难以描述那座山的美。The beauty of the mountain is_I can describe.答案：more than,2for the first time 第一次He came to the countryside for the first time.他第一次来到农村。辨析,He looked much excited the first time I saw him.我第一次见到他时，他看起来非常兴奋。Abraham Lincoln w
23、as elected president of America in 1860 for the first time.亚伯拉罕林肯在1860年第一次被选为总统。,知识拓展(1)It/That is/was the first/second.time thatclause这是(某人)第几次注意：当前面的be动词是is时，后面句子用现在完成时；是was时，后面用过去完成时。,(2)It is time thatsb.did(过去式)/should do.到了某人该做的时候了(3)类似the first time的引导时间状语从句的短语：every/each time 每次the last time
24、 最后一次next time 下一次by the time 到为止the moment/minute 一就,It is/was the second time he has/had come to Jinan.这是他第二次来济南。Tom，hurry up！It is time you went to school.汤姆，快点！该上学了。By the time we arrived，the famous star had already gone.我们到达时，那个明星早就走了。,即学即用单句改错I thought of her lovely and honest for the first ti
25、me I met her._答案：去掉for,3as well as(1)同样；同样好地He said he could sing as well as the birds.他说，他和鸟儿一样能唱歌。He can speak English as well as you can.他说英文和你说的同样好。(2)不仅而且；除之外还,He as well as you has received the urgent call.不仅是你，他也收到了这个急电。As well as good memory，determination is needed in language study.在语言学习中，除
26、了好的记忆力之外，也需要毅力。As well as eating five course meals，they drank seven bottles of wine.除了吃了五道菜外，他们还喝了七瓶酒。,知识拓展as well as连接并列主语时，谓语的数要与前面的那一个保持一致；not only.but also连接并列主语时，谓语的数要与后面的一个保持一致。as well as在语意上强调前面的内容；而not only.but also.则强调后面的内容。He grows flowers as well as vegetables in the garden.他在花园中既种菜也种花。He
27、 grows not only vegetables but also flowers in the garden.,即学即用语法填空As well as_(be)interested in cars，he is skilled in driving.答案：being,1I find it mysterious，and perhaps even a little disturbing；.我发现它很神秘，或许还有那么一点令人不安；1)find宾语adj.(作补语)；发现I found him honest.我发现他很诚实。2)find后除了跟adj.作宾补外，还可以跟名词、分词、介词短语等，意思
28、是“发现/发觉处于某状态或在做某事”。,She woke up and found herself in the hospital.她醒来发觉自己在医院里。We came home and found him asleep on the sofa.我们回到家发现他在沙发上睡着了。I suddenly found myself running down the street.我不知不觉突然沿街跑了起来。,知识拓展find fault with 找碴儿；挑错The man is very hard on others and always finding fault with others.这人对
29、别人很苛刻，总是挑别人的毛病。,即学即用语法填空They were shocked to find their father_(work)as a waiter downtown.答案：working,2It is believed to be the best example of a new lifelike style of painting that amazed people when it was first used.它被认为是一种新的形象逼真型绘画的最好代表，这种绘画风格一经使用就使人们惊叹不已。句子使用了被动语态；that amazed people when it was
30、first used为定语从句，修饰名词style；在定语从句中包含when引导的时间状语从句。(1)be believed to be 被认为是He is believed to be the best singer in our class.他被认为是我们班唱歌最好的人。,知识拓展在英语中，表示“据信/说/报道”的句型有：People/They believe/say/report/.that.It is believed/said/reported/.that.Sb./Sth.be believed/said/reported/.to.People say that thirteen i
31、s an unlucky number.It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number.Thirteen is said to be an unlucky number.据说13是一个不吉利的数字。,They report that it is going to be a cold winter.It is reported that it is going to be a cold winter.It is reported to be a cold winter.据报道今年冬季会很冷。,(2)be amazed at/by.对感到惊讶be ama
32、zed to do sth.对而感到惊讶I was amazed at the great height of the waterfall.那座瀑布的高度令我吃惊。He was amazed to hear that she had passed the test.听说她通过了考试，他感到很惊讶。,知识拓展amaze v.使惊讶；使吃惊amazement n惊奇；惊讶amazing adj.令人吃惊的；令人惊讶的to ones amazement 令某人惊讶的是He achieved an amazing success.他取得了令人惊异的成功。Its really amazing to fi
33、nd you here.在这里见到你真令惊讶。Your letter amazed me.你的信令我惊讶。,高考直击语法填空(2014江西改编)He is thought _(act)foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.答案：to have acted本句考查的是固定句式：Sb.be thought to某人被认为；如果表示的是一个已经完成的动作，就使用不定式的完成式，如果是正在进行的动作，就使用不定式的进行式。句意：他被认为表现得很糟糕，现在他只能责怪自己丢了那份工作。根据句意可知他表现很糟糕
34、是在丢掉工作之前，所以使用不定式的完成式。,即学即用(1)语法填空AIDS is said_(be)the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.答案：to have been本题考查不定式的用法，根据时间状语over the past few years可知用动词不定式的完成时。,(2)完成句子这个男孩听到这个令人惊讶的消息非常吃惊。The boy is_at the_new.她的法国文学知识让我感到吃惊。I_her knowledge of French lit
35、erature.使我惊讶的是，他能背诵出那首诗。_，he was able to recite the poem.答案：amazed；amazingam amazed atTo my amazement,3It was as if Europe was waking up after the long sleep of the Middle Ages.就好像是欧洲经过漫长的中世纪后已觉醒了。句中as ifas though“好像”常引导表语从句和方式状语从句。She looks as if she were ten years younger.她看起来好像年轻了十岁。The girl list
36、ened as if she had been turned to a stone.那女孩倾听着，一动也不动，像已经变成了石头似的。,He opened his mouth as if he would say something.他张开嘴好像要说什么。The child talked to us as if he were a grownup.那孩子跟我们谈起话来，像个成年人似的。Tom raised his hands as if(he was going)to say something.汤姆举起手好像要说什么。,知识拓展(1)as if用在look，listen等连系动词后面，引导表语
37、从句；也可用在行为动词之后，引导方式状语从句。无论是何种从句，当其所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时，通常用陈述语气；当其所表示的情况不是事实，而是主观的想象或夸大性的比喻时，通常用虚拟语气。其动词时态的判断标准如下：,(2)如果as if引导的从句是“主语系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词，这样as if后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。,即学即用完成句子(1)好像她认识米利很多年了似的。It is_Millie for years.(2)他继续干活，仿佛什么都没有发生似的。He kept working_.答案：(1)as if/though she had know
38、n(2)as if nothing had happened,4Painters discovered how to use perspective and the effects of light.画家们发现了如何使用透视法和光线的效果本句中how to use perspective and the effects of light为“疑问词动词不定式”结构。本结构相当于相应意义的宾语从句，故本句可转换成：Painters discovered how they could use perspective and the effects of light。能用于该结构的常见动词有：cons
39、ider，decide，explain，know，show，tell，wonder等。,I havent decided where to go.我还没有决定去哪里。They dont know what to do next.他们不知道下一步该做什么。,知识拓展(1)“疑问词不定式”结构还可作下列成分：作主语、表语、同位语、介词宾语。(2)“介词which/whom不定式”结构常作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。指人时用whom，指物时用which。,How to improve English is often discussed among the students.学生们常常讨论如何提高
40、英语水平。Tom had no idea which book to read first.汤姆不知道先读哪本书。She is the right person on whom to depend.She is the right person on whom we depended.她是值得我们信赖的人。,即学即用语法填空There are so many kinds of MP4 players on sale that I cant make up my mind_to buy.答案：which考查“疑问词动词不定式”结构作同位语。由句意知要从减价销售的MP4中去挑选，故用which。,
41、5After centuries of accepting a medieval world view in which human life was considered of little value compared with the greatness of God，philosophers began asking questions like“What is a person？”or“Why am I here？”几个世纪以来，哲学家们都持有中世纪的世界观，认为与上帝的伟大相比人的生命很渺小。现在他们开始提出诸如“人为何物？”以及“我为何存在？”这样的问题。,(1)本句中of li
42、ttle value是“beof抽象名词”结构，此结构相当于“be该名词所对应的形容词”，在句中可作表语、定语或宾语补足语。可作该结构的抽象名词有：value，use，help，importance，benefit等，这些名词前可用little，great，any，no等修饰。The book he gave me is of great use.The book he gave me is very useful.他给我的那本书很有用。The advice is of great value for us to learn English.The advice is very valuabl
43、e for us to learn English.这个建议对我们学习英语很有价值。,注意：英语中有些抽象名词没有形容词形式，为表明主语的某种特征，只能用“beof抽象名词”这种形式。此类名词常见的有：size，weight，height，age，length，width，opinion，color，price，kind，shape，way等。The two boys are of the same age.这两个男孩年龄相同。Coins may be of different sizes，weights and shapes.钱币从大小、重量到形状可能各不相同。,(2)compare v比较
44、，匹敌，相比The singer compares his lover to a rose in his song.那位歌手在歌中把他的情人比作玫瑰花。知识拓展compare n比较compare A with B 把A和B进行比较compare A to B 把A比作Bcompare notes with sb.和某人交换意见compared to/with 与比较起来beyond compare 无与伦比,I compared the translation with the original.我把译文拿来和原文对照一番。Girls are often compared to flower
45、s.女孩子经常被比作花朵。Compared with/to her mother，she is tall.和她妈妈比较起来，她很高。,即学即用(1)句型转换This dictionary is not helpful to English beginners.This dictionary is_to English beginners.答案：of no help(2)语法填空Film has a much shorter history，especially when_(compare)to such art forms as music and painting.答案：compared,6
46、Wherever he went，he carried a notebook around with him，in which he wrote down his ideas.不管走到哪里他都随身携带一个笔记本，以便随时记录下自己的想法。wherever 无论在哪里；无论到哪里；无论什么情况下Wherever he goes，theres always a spy hanging about.不管他走到哪里，总有个密探跟着。Well go wherever you like.你爱去哪儿我们就去哪儿。,知识拓展whoever，whichever，whatever，whenever，whereve
47、r，however这些词均可以引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter who/which/what/when/where/how，从句既可以在主句之前，也可以在主句之后。此外，whoever，whichever，whatever除了引导让步状语从句外，还可以引导名词性从句。引导名词性从句时不可以换成no matter who/which/what。如：,Whoever(No matter who)you are，you must obey the school rules.不管是谁，都必须遵守校规。(让步状语从句)Take whichever hat suits you best.挑个最适
48、合你的帽子。(宾语从句)Whatever(No matter what)happens，we shall never lose heart.无论发生什么，我们都不会失去信心。(让步状语从句),I will discuss the thing with you whenever(no matter when)you like.你乐意什么时候，咱们就什么时候讨论这件事情。(让步状语从句)You cannot catch up with a car，however fast(no matter how fast)you run.无论你跑得多快，也赶不上汽车。(让步状语从句),高考直击语法填空(201
49、3江苏改编)In the global economy,a new drug for cancer，_ it is discovered,will create many economic possibilities around the world.答案：wherever考查状语从句和连词。句意：在全球化的经济体系中，无论在什么地方发现的一种治疗癌症的新药都能在全世界范围内创造出许多赚钱的可能性。从句“_ it is discovered”不缺主要成分(主语、宾语或表语)，再结合句意可知应使用wherever。,即学即用完成句子无论你什么时候来，你都会受到热烈的欢迎。_you come，yo
50、u are warmly welcome.答案：No matter when,.完成句子1中国老龄化将对整个社会产生巨大影响。The aging population in China will_ _the whole society.2她身上只带了20元钱。She has_20 yuan with her.3夏天，这些树为动物提供乘凉的地方。In summer，the trees_the animals.,4那些小孩第一次被带上飞机，简直兴奋极了。The children were so excited to be taken aboard the plane _.5简而言之，我对一切运动都
