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1、Chinese and Western FestivalsChinese and Western FestivalsA Brief Comparison of Chinese and Western FestivalsI. IntroductionFestival is defined as a special occasion on which people may give thanks for a harvest, commemorate an honored person or event, pay respect to the dead, or celebrate a culture
2、. Festival, as a cultural phenomenon, comes into being during the course of human development and historical evolution. This unique cultural phenomenon embodies human cognition and attention to the natural environments and peripheral surroundings. As we know, a diverse multitude of festivals are enj
3、oyed worldwide. Although the different regions, nations, religions and cultures bring about multifarious festivals, and the means of celebration vary from one place to another, most of people bear common feelings for the festivals, that is praying for happiness and health, fulfilling the good will,
4、and showing the love of life. The festival celebration also expresses peoples reminiscent mood for traditions and convey their aspiration to pursue the dreams. 导言节被定义为一个特殊的场合，人们可能会为丰收，纪念一个事件或个人的荣幸，尊敬死者，或纪念的一种文化。节日作为一种文化现象，你是在人的发展和历史演变过程中被。这种独特的文化现象，体现了人类的认知和重视自然环境和周边环境。我们知道，一个节日是多种多样全世界都享有。虽然不同地区，不同
5、民族，宗教和文化带来多方面的节日，和不同的庆祝方式从一个地方到另一个地方，大多数人负有共同的感受的节日，这是幸福和健康祈祷，履行的良好意愿，并显示对生命的热爱。艺术节庆祝活动也表明了人们对传统想起情绪和表达他们的愿望追求自己的梦想。Festival is considered as “ a carrier of culture”, or an embodiment of the patterns of behavior and thinking that people learn, create and share. Through this unique and specific pheno
6、menon, it is more convenient and direct for the researcher to probe into the deeper layer of human culture. Moreover, the festival provides us a shortcut to explore the divergence and similarity of two cultures. As we know, it is impossible for us to make research on all aspects of festival customs
7、since culture itself is a very complicated phenomenon. Thus, I just choose some representative and well-known festivals- Spring Festival & Christmas Day to make a brief comparison.艺术节被认为是“一种文化的载体”，或对行为模式的体现和思想，学习，创建和共享。通过这一独特和具体的现象，更方便和直接的调查研究人员将人类文化的深层。此外，艺术节为我们提供了快捷，探讨分歧和两种文化的相似性。我们知道，这是我们不可能就所有的节
8、日习俗方面的研究，因为文化本身是一个非常复杂的现象。所以，我只是选择一些有代表性的和众所周知的节日-春节和圣诞节作简单比较。Since festival culture is the precious cultural heritage of a nation，the traditional festivals of that nation are marked with its distinct national features and rich presentation forms. By comparison between the key Chinese and Western tr
9、aditional festivals, it can be seen that Chinese and western festivals serve as an intriguing window into their cultural differences. The traditional practices find expressions in the origins and customs of every national festival, which in turn reflect the morality of the whole nation and its peopl
10、e. What traditional festivals of different nations differ goes hand in hand with the existing pattern and ways of living of these nations, which is clearly shown in the following. 由于节日文化是宝贵的文化遗产的一个国家，这个民族的传统节日有其鲜明的民族特色和丰富的表达形式的标记。之间的关键中西传统节日比较，可以看出，中国和西方的节日，作为到他们的文化差异耐人寻味的窗口服务。传统的做法，发现的起源和每一个国家的节日，这
11、反过来又反映了整个民族和人民的道德习惯用语。什么样的不同的民族传统节日的不同会与现有的模式和这些国家的生活，这显然是如下所示的方式手。Firstly, different religious beliefs bring about different religious ideas. The westerners believe in only one God who they believe helps them in every aspect while Chinese people worship one particular immortal, out of many immortal
12、s, which can do them good. Besides, Chinese people advocate “harmony between human being and nature” and regard the ceremony of offering sacrifices to the gods as important as that to their ancestors, which is contrary to the westerners who only bear the Gods blessings in mind.首先，不同的宗教信仰带来不同的宗教观念。在西
13、方人相信只有一个神谁，相信在各方面帮助他们，而崇拜中文的人之一，特别是不朽的，出了许多神仙，他们可以做很好。此外，倡导中华民族“和谐与人与自然”，把尽可能的提供重要的祖先，这是违反谁的西方人只有铭记上帝的祝福祭品仪式。Secondly, different cultures lead to different functions of traditional festivals. Western traditional culture is mainly Christian culture while Chinese culture is a culture of which the Conf
14、ucian school takes up much proportion while other various schools of thought some. The main function of Chinese traditional festivals is not in giving people a chance to let loose but in inheriting the ethical morality, thus lacking what the public needs for recreation. By contrast, there are much m
15、ore recreation than ethical teachings in some western ones, like carnivals, thereby granting more chances of showing individuality and indulging in amusement. 其次，不同的文化导致传统节日不同的功能。西方传统文化主要是基督教文化，而中华文化是其中儒家文化的占很大比例，其他各类学校的一些思考。在中国传统节日的主要功能是不是让市民有机会，让松散，但在继承的伦理道德，因此缺乏，有什么娱乐的市民的需要。与此相反，有远远超过道德教义在一些西方的像嘉
16、年华会，娱乐，从而给予展示个性和娱乐放纵的机会。Thirdly, different ways of expressing feelings give birth to different modes of celebrating festivals. The westerners express their feelings bluntly and fervently while Chinese people do exquisitely and implicitly. Therefore, the westerners tend to carouse together with many
17、people, even with the strangers，yet Chinese people center their festival celebrations on the activities of the family. Though differences of traditional festivals are formed for the above reasons, there are still similar points among different cultures, like origins and festival contents. In other w
18、ords, they share some of the same features.第三，不同的方式表达感情生出不同方式庆祝节日。西方人表达自己的感受时直言，并热切人民做精美，并含蓄地。因此，西方人往往痛饮与很多人即使是陌生人，但人民围绕家庭的活动庆祝自己的节日。虽然传统节日的差异，基于上述理由成立的，还有类似的意见不同文化之间的起源和节日等内容。换句话说，他们拥有相同的功能。摘 要节日文化是一个国家宝贵的文化遗产，因此传统节日具有鲜明的民族特色和丰富多彩的表现形式。通过对中西重大节日的对比，可以发现中西方节日是一扇窥视文化差异的迷人窗户。传统实践在每个民族节日的历史渊源及风俗中得到体现，而
19、这也反映了该民族及其子孙后代的道德观。以下几点清楚地表明了不同民族传统节庆之差异，都与该民族的生存形态及生活方式的差异密切相关。第一，不同宗教信仰带来不同的宗教观念。西方人只信奉，在他们看来，全能的上帝。而中国人认为世上有众神，在众神中信奉“为我所用”的神灵。此外，中国人信奉“天人合一”，同等重视祭祖和祭神，这与西方人只记挂上帝的恩赐是不同的。第二，不同文化产生传统节日的不同作用。西方主要是基督教文化，中国传统文化的历史渊源是以儒家为主、兼有诸子百家各学派的文化。中国传统节日的主要功能在于伦理道德的传承而不是给人们以欢娱休闲的机会，缺少世俗所需要的娱乐色彩。相反，西方一些节日，如狂欢节，伦理色
20、彩弱，娱乐的色彩要强得多，因此更能给现代人以充分张扬个性和享受欢娱的机会。第三，不同的情感表达方式导致不同的节日欢庆方式。西方人热情奔放地宣泄自身情感而中国人细腻含蓄地表达感情。比如庆祝节日，西方注重众人同欢，即使是陌生人，而中国注重家庭内部活动。尽管不同文化的传统节日因上述原因而存在差异，但它们之间也存在相同点，比如起源及节日内容。ContentsContrastive Studies of Chinese and Western FestivalsAbstract: Festival is one of the main topics and plays a very important
21、role in Chinese and Western cultures. This thesis attempts to explore the contrast of Chinese and Western festivals cultures from the perspective of origin and way of celebration, so as to find out the properties and rules of human cultures, and reveals the relationship between human cultures and festivals.Key words: Chinese and Western festivals; origin; way of celebration; Chinese tradition; Western romanticism and optimism 摘要：节日为中西方文化研究的主要内容之一，在中西方文化中具有非常重要的地位。本文试图从起源和庆祝方式的角度对中西节日文化进行一些探讨，旨在寻找人类文化的特点和规律，揭示人类文化与节日之间的关系。
