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1、HallsHighcontextandLowcontextCulturePatternHalls High-context and Low-context Culture Pattern Hall provides us with effective methods of checking cultural differences. One word that draws attention is context. According to Hall, context is the information that surrounds an event; it is inextricably
2、bound up with the meaning of the event. They maintain that although all cultures contain some characteristics of both high and low variables, most can be placed along a scale showing their ranking on this particular dimension. Hall defines high and low context in the following manner: “A high contex
3、t (HC) communication or message is one in which most of the information is already in the person, while very little is in the coded, explicitly transmitted part of the message. A low context (LC) communication is just the opposite; i.e., the mass of the information is vested in the explicit code”. B
4、elow is a chart showing how different cultures are arranged along the high-context and the low-context dimensions. 霍尔提供了有效的检查方法，我们的文化差异。提请注意的一个词是上下文。据大厅，背景是围绕着一个信息事件，它是与息息相关的含义事件。他们认为，虽然所有的文化包含一些 高，低两个变量的特点，大部分会沿着放置在这个特定的展示规模排名维度。霍尔定义了高，低语境下 方式： “一个高语境的通讯或消息是在其中大部分信息是在人了，而很几乎是在编码，明确转交的一部分消息。一个低语境的沟通
5、是刚好相反;也就是说，信息质量的明确归属代码“。下面是一个图表，显示不同文化如何排列在高语境与低语境层面。 Figure 1 Cultures Arranged Along the High-Context and Low-Context Dimension High-context Cultures Japanese Chinese Korean African American Native American Arab Greek Latin Italian English French American Scandinavian German Low-context Cultures A
6、ccording to Figure1, Chinese culture is a typical high-context culture; people are relatively homogeneous with regard to experiences, information networks, and the like. The speech coding system of high-context languages is called restricted code. The spoken statement reflects the social relationshi
7、p and the relationships shared assumptions. The United States, on the other hand, is an example of a language and culture of low-context. People are less homogenous and therefore tend to compartmentalize interpersonal contacts. In low-context cultures, the verbal message contains most of the informa
8、tion and very little is embedded in the context or the participants. Since people of low-context cultures favor directness, they are likely to consider high-context communications as a waste of time. The speech system used in low-context cultures is elaborated code. In low-context cultures, a verbal
9、 elaboration is necessary due to fewer shared assumption. Some differences that distinguish between low-context and high-context cultures have been succinctly summarized by Chung . 据图1，中华文化是一种典型的高语境文化，人们都比较均匀方面的经验，信息网络，等等。的语音编码的高语境语言系统被称为受限制的代码。口头声明反映了社会关系，这种关系的共同假设。美国，另一方面，是一个语言和低语境文化的例子。人们不太均匀，因此往
10、往划分人际交往。在低语境文化，口头消息包含的信息最多，很少是在上下文或参加者之中。由于低语境文化的人赞成直接因果关系，他们很可能会认为是浪费时间高语境通信。语音系统在低语境文化中使用的阐述代码。在低语境文化中，口头阐述是必要的，因为较少的共同假 Table 1: Differences between High-context and Low-context cultures Low-context Culture Overtly display meaning through direct communication forms Values individualism High-conte
11、xt Culture Implicitly embeds meaning at different levels of the socio-cultural context Values group sense Tends to develop transitory personal Tends to take time to cultivate and relationships establish a permanent personal relationship Emphasizes linear logic Emphasizes spiral logic Values direct v
12、erbal interaction and is less Values indirect verbal interaction and able to read nonverbal expressions is more able to read nonverbal expressions Tends to use “logic” to present ideas Tends to use more “feeling” in expression Tends to emphasize highly structured Tends to give simple, ambiguous, messages. Give details and place great stress non-contexting messages on words and technical signs
