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1、it 作主语的用法it 作主语的用法 一、 用作代词，作真正的主语 1. 代替前面提到的单数事物，通常指已提及的事物、不特别考虑性别的婴儿及动植物等，常译为“它”。 There was a baby in the chair and it was crying. 椅子上有一个婴儿在哭。 Many people want to own their cars; its next to impossible. 很多人想拥有自己的车子，那几乎是不可能的事。 2. 用以代替指示代词this或that。 Whose car is this? 这是谁的汽车？ Its Toms. 是汤姆的。 3. 笼统地指可
2、根据现场情况判断为何物的事物，译成中文时，it的意义常不必译出。 It cannot be helped. 是没有办法的。 4. 在可听其声、不见其人的场合中询问对方或谈论对方时，常用it指代该人。 Who is the man behind the door? 门后面的那个人是谁? It is John. 是约翰。 5. 用来表示气候、季节、时间、距离、明暗等自然现象，译成汉语时，多可省略it的意义。 It is hot today. 今天很热。 It has been three years since he joined the army. 他参军已经三年了。 6. 后接that或as
3、if引起的从句，成为appear, occur, follow, happen, look, seem, turn out 等动词的主语，译成中文时，it的意义常省略。 It appears to me that you are all mistaken. 我觉得你完全错了。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来好像要下雨了。 二、 it作形式主语 用作形式主语，代替后面真正的主语动词不定式、动名词短语、that从句或wh-从句。在这种结构中，it大多可由短语、不定式或从句来替换作主语。it的这种结构常见的句式如下： It + be + 形容词或“a(
4、n) + 名词”+ to do sth.。用于这一结构的名词常用的有a pleasure, a pity, a fact, a shame, an honor, a wonder, a good thing及 good news等。 It is not easy to learn English well. = To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。 It is a pleasure to see you again. 很高兴又见到你。 It be 形容词 for sb. to do sth.。在这一句式中，形容词通常是表示事物的性状或特征的形容
5、词，常见的有difficult, hard, easy, heavy, dangerous, expensive, useful, important, possible及necessary等。 It is impossible for her to buy the car with cash. 要她用现金买那辆汽车是不可能的。 It is necessary for us to master at least a foreign language. 我们有必要至少掌握一门外语。 It be 形容词 of sb. to do sth.。在这一句式中，形容词通常是表示人的行为或品德的形容词，常见
6、的有honest, wise, clever, brave, foolish, kind, good, careful, stupid, silly, nice, right, wrong, polite及rude等。 It was careless of him to leave the door unlocked. 他没有把门锁上，实在是太粗心了。 It be no + 不可数名词 doing sth.。这一结构中的名词最常用的是wonder, use及good等。 It is no use talking to him about it. 跟他谈那件事没用。 It is no good
7、(my) taking up the matter now. 现在即使提起那个问题也是没有用的。 It be 形容词 doing sth.。 It is dangerous playing with fire. 玩火是危险的。 It will be wonderful lying on the beach all day. 整天躺在海滩上将会棒极了。 It + 形容词 + that从句或wh-从句。 It is doubtful whether the old man will recover from the operation. 那老人手术后是否会康复难以确定。 It is certain
8、 that the earth is round. 毫无疑问，地球是圆的。 It be 及物动词的过去分词 that 从句。用于这一结构的过去分词常见的有said, told, known, considered, hoped, recorded, suggested, thought及reported等。 It is said that he has been abroad. 听说他已经出国了。 It is reported that many people have seen UFOs. 据报道很多人看到了飞碟。 It doesnt matter 其它成分。 It doesnt matte
9、r to me which room you like. 你喜欢哪个房间，对我来说都无所谓。 It doesnt matter to me whether she is pleased or not. 她满意与否对我而言并不重要。 It + costs / takes / + (sb.) + money / time to do sth.。 Does it cost much to live here? 在这里住费用贵吗？ It takes us thirty minutes to walk from here to the station. 我们从这里步行到车站要30分钟。 It + mak
10、es + a / no difference + wh-从句。 It makes a difference which you choose. 你选择哪一个，事关重大。 It makes no difference whether he goes or not. 不管他去还是不去都没有影响。 it可以用于强调句中 在强调结构中，it本身无词义，是无人称主语，其作用是改变句子结构，使某一部分得到强调 基本结构：It is / was +被强调部分that. 特点：）该句型可以用来强调除谓语以外的所有成分谓语的强调要用do的适当形式 ）被强调代词的格要与原句保持一致，谓语动词与原句一致 eg: I
11、 met Lucy in the street yesterday. It was Lucy that I met in the street yesterday. It was in the street that I met Lucy yesterday. It was yesterday that I met Lucy in the street. I did meet Lucy in the street yesterday. eg: I am going to have an exam tomorrow. It is I who/that am going to have an ex
12、am tomorrow. eg: I have a lot of work to do . I do have a lot of work to do. eg: We gave him a book yesterday. It was him to whom we gave a book yesterday. It was a book that we gave (to) him yesterday. 2. not until部分结构中若强调until后的成分，则要把 not until 一起提前， 结构为：It is not until. that. eg: He didnt finish
13、his homework until 12pm. It was not until 12pm that he finished his homework. eg: She didnt watch TV until she finished the book. It was not until she finished the book that she watched TV. 3.怎样对被强调部分提问 eg: She visisted Tom last week. It was Tom that she visited last week. Was it Tom that she visited last week? Who was it that she visited last week. 4.强调句和it作形式主语的区别 一个句子如果去掉It is/was.that后，句子仍是完整的，该句就是强调语 eg:It is certain that Tom is taller than Jim. 去掉后句子不正确 It is Tom that is taller than Jim. 去掉后，句子为：Tom is taller than Jim. 结构仍是完整的
