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1、plc英文翻译外文文献原稿和译文 原 稿 Introduction PLC-Programmable Logic Controllers are widely used in recent years the field of industrial control Such as metallurgy, steel, production lines, etc Its main feature is its stable performance, high control precision and easy maintenance. With PC connection, compiled
2、in the production process according to the corresponding program will convert digital signals into analog signal input commands output instructions to control the implementation of components to achieve automatic control purposes. Currently, the main aspects of the music program-controlled fountain
3、imported lighting console and its matching control decoder, once the failure is not easy to repair, the price is more expensive. Using PLC technology, you can use an ordinary PC to replace imported lighting control, easy maintenance, low cost PLC article on how to use music technology to analyze the
4、 problem of program-controlled fountain. PLCs programmable fountain Fountain is the use of the work produced by the pump pressure, nozzle jet out from the water column, the number of pumps in accordance with a certain type, location, installation, combining different types of nozzles, can have a var
5、iety of flower. We can each pump as a working point, programming, the module through the PLC to control each point, that is, through the implementation of the loop on each pump, or gear engagement control, to control the pump The purpose of the work of the state. To demonstrate the artistic fountain
6、, usually accompanied by a corresponding track, according to the rhythm of the selected track speed, cadence, the preparation of the appropriate pump control procedures to reflect the musics meaning. The most important aspect is the time synchronization, the music is about playing time based on rhyt
7、hm and sense of music divided into several time periods, the preparation of the corresponding time period in each of the pumps, lighting control program, the precision adjustment of track time and PLC accuracy of programming the same time, but at the same time period, water pumps and lighting same w
8、orking hours as a subroutine to achieve synchronization in the visual viewing. At night with lights to enhance the fountain of viewing, optional programmable control of the LED lighting, through the RS485 interface access control, to be completed by their centralized control. According to the light
9、color, light floral point of view, music tracks for the preparation of procedures, working hours have lights and music, pump time synchronization, the principle and the control of pumps on the same principle, will not repeat them here. Implementation steps Pump control According to the model pump, f
10、lower shape and distribution of the location, the uniform numbers, and the number of points with the number-one correspondence PLC module, the pump will be the same flower formation, flower-shaped water pump for each work order, work (as a whole or separately ) for permutations and combinations, pre
11、paration of the corresponding subroutines and numbered, giving the corresponding number of working hours to control the pump working hours, working hours type of sustainable, can also be stopped, the performance of both static and dynamic form of In addition, by adding the drive to track the perform
12、ance of a flower-shaped soft, add the beauty of the fountain. Between the PLC and inverter in the corresponding equivalent between the PLCs digital signal is converted to analog converter controls the pump speed signal, the dynamic work of pump status, and then flower the shape of the requirements o
13、f its permutations and combinations, preparation of subroutine and the corresponding number. Lighting control According to the color of light (preferably choose red, yellow, and blue primary colors), the installation location, radiation angle, the lighting state of the permutations and combinations
14、of work, preparation of the corresponding routines, giving the corresponding number of working hours, time and type of flower-shaped water pump , values consistent with the color can be the same, you can also reflect the dynamic inconsistency can also be a two or a superposition of three colors to p
15、roduce other different colors, rich colors of light. Time synchronization This is the entire music program-controlled fountain control the most important and most critical part, because the music program-controlled fountain show the overall effect of the coordinated directly with the time synchroniz
16、ation has a very close relationship, if time synchronization is different, it will lead to music, floral and lighting are not a whole, viewing greatly reduced, so this link is the core link. Time synchronization here includes the three levels of time. First, is the precision of music playback time a
17、nd the PLC control program consistent with the precision of time, and while the relationship between the two start and stop; Second, according to the rhythm of music tracks, the momentum of the play by length of time, with the corresponding pumps, lights the continuing work of the subroutine the sam
18、e length of time, that is, the pump light to flower and produce the music and change tracks, or watch when there will be music, flower-shaped and light three close enough relationship between, there is a feeling out of touch dissonant; Third, at the same time period, flower-shaped water pump and lig
19、hting the work routine time, consistent with persistent or intermittent, the time to consider the specific values of human persistence of vision time, this flower-shaped water pump and lighting will form a whole, both start and end, uniform, flower-shaped one on one program and lighting program can
20、also be many to many, rich ornamental effect. Using Windows Media Player ActiveX provides interface can directly control the software (such as Siemens WinCC) call the player to play music, and also by the location of the current music. Has been playing music, and current information can be convenien
21、t to achieve integration through the program each time the song of the need to show a variety of fountain patterns. For example, select a time segment here, in the music section of an integer multiple of the basic length of time a small fountain on the pre-establishment of basic good action, when th
22、e late preparation of the overall pattern will be more easy to manage. Music selections, PLC establishment of control procedures Select the rhythm of music selections should change significantly, the momentum of the track cadence, no significant difference as far as possible not to select the rhythm
23、, the momentum of change is not prominent in the track that would make the process of the preparation of the larger pattern of problems, but also may lead to the fountain The overall effect is not obvious. Once the music track selected, we must play by the time period, according to rhythm, musical d
24、ivide, can also be divided using professional music software and recording a good time has been divided. This process is repeated scrutiny, to ensure the accuracy of division of time in order to finally be able to get better overall results. Then, according to a good time has been prepared by the pr
25、ocedure, the selected program when the paragraph with the performance of music content, momentum and emotional harmony, fully embodies the results. Subroutine approach taken here to complete the whole effect of the first song of the flower, in the preparation of the whole pattern when the first song
26、 is just the basic movements in a predetermined arrangement on the basis of, modify, track corresponding action spectrum more efficiently. Thus, in the beginning of each time section, only this time with the music turned the basic pattern of routine action (including pumps and lighting program), so
27、relatively easy to do music, fountains, lighting, closely. Debugging Programming is completed, the work of making work PLC interface (with remote performance of the current state of the fountain), you can see the entire piece of music in all of the programs of all time period and at the same time pe
28、riod, the pumps on and off and the light action spectrum and demonstrate the implementation of the various components of each moment of the execution state, so you can see results in the field by viewing, recording the feelings of others asked to record the part that needs to be adjusted, modified a
29、ction spectrum of the corresponding program content, change the order of the corresponding subroutine call, so that the fountains and lights and music with the better. Sound output Directly to the computers sound card to output the audio signal mixer access and power amplifier, equalizer, Compressio
30、n and other audio equipment in series, the last speaker output from the music scene. PLC configuration Control points can be determined according to PLC hardware configuration. Fountain water pump station according to the overall number, 1 pump contactor control module on the PLC corresponding to a
31、digital output point, an inverter controlled pump module on the PLC corresponding to an analog output point, a separate control group LED lights corresponding to a digital output point, according to their total number to configure the PLCs hardware. Such as PLC use 32 point digital output modules, b
32、y calculating the type of module will be able to get the required amount. According to the specific work environment, and may need to select the appropriate lightning protection equipment, to complete the system protection. 译 文 引言 PLC-Programmable Logic Controllers(可编程逻辑控制器)近年来被广泛应用于工业控制领域,如冶金、钢铁、生产
33、线等等,其主要特点就是其性能稳定、控制精度高、维护方便。通过与PC连接,根据生产流程情况编制相应的程序,将数字信号的输入指令转换成为模拟信号的输出指令,进行控制执行元器件实现自动化控制的目的。目前,在音乐程控喷泉方面主要采用进口的灯光控制台及其相配套的解码器进行控制,一旦出现故障,不便于维修,代价比较昂贵。利用PLC技术,就可以用普通PC将进口的灯光控制台进行替换,维护简便,成本较低,本文就如何利用PLC技术实现音乐程控喷泉的问题进行剖析。 随着国民经济的发展,城市建设日新月异,喷泉水景逐渐成为了城市中一道靓丽的景观。在大型公园、广场、楼盘社区随处可见,只是规模大小、控制方式存在差别。特别是利
34、用现代化的控制技术,将喷泉的造型(根据喷头分布情况组成的花形)、音乐、灯光三种元素进行有机地结合,相互映衬,使喷泉展现出美轮美奂的景象,享有“水上芭蕾”的美誉。 PLC音乐程控喷泉 喷泉是利用水泵工作所产生的压力,从喷头喷射出水柱,将若干台水泵按照一定的型号、位置进行安装,结合不同类型的喷头,就可以产生各种各样的花形。我们可以将每一台水泵视为一个工作点,编制程序,通过PLC的模块实现对每个点的控制,也就是通过对每台水泵执行回路中的接触器或传动装置进行控制,达到控制水泵工作状态的目的。 为展示喷泉的艺术感,通常会配以相应的曲目,根据所选曲目的节奏快慢、抑扬顿挫,编制相应的水泵控制程序来体现音乐的
35、内涵。其中,最重要的环节就是时间同步,即将乐曲的播放时间根据节奏、乐感分解为若干个时间段,在每个时间段内编制相应的水泵、灯光控制程序,调整曲目播放的时间精度和PLC编程的时间精度相同,而且在同一时间段内,水泵和灯光的子程序工作时间相同,从而在视觉上达到同步的观赏效果。 在夜间配合灯光来提升喷泉的观赏效果,选用可编程控制的LED灯光,通过RS485接口接入控制器,可完成对其的集中控制。根据灯光颜色、照射花形的角度、音乐曲目进行编制程序,灯光工作时间也要和音乐、水泵的时间同步,其原理与控制水泵原理相同,在这里不再赘述。 实施步骤 水泵的控制 根据水泵的型号、花形及分布位置,进行统一编号,并与PLC
36、模块的点数编号一一对应,将同一花形的水泵进行编组,对每组花形的水泵的工作先后顺序、工作方式(整体还是单独)进行排列组合,编制相应的子程序并进行编号,赋予对应的工作时间数值,控制水泵的工作时间,工作时间类型可持续,也可以间断,两者的表现形式为静态和动态。 另外,通过添加变频器来表现柔美曲目的花形,增添喷泉的美感。在PLC和变频器之间建立对应的等量关系,将PLC的数字信号转换为变频器控制水泵转速的模拟信号,实现水泵的动态工作状态,然后根据花形的形状要求对其进行排列组合,编制相应的子程序并进行编号。 灯光的控制 根据灯光的颜色(最好选取红、黄、蓝三原色)、安装位置、照射角度,进行灯光工作状态的排列组
37、合,编制相应的子程序,赋予对应的工作时间数值,与水泵花形的时间类型、数值相一致,其颜色可以一致,也可以不一致体现动感,还可以进行某两种或某三种颜色的叠加,生成另外不同的颜色,丰富灯光的色彩。 时间同步 这是整个音乐程控喷泉控制中最重要、最关键的环节,因为音乐程控喷泉展示整体效果的协调性直接与时间同步有着非常密切的关系,如果时间同步有差异,会导致音乐、花形和灯光不是一个整体,观赏效果大打折扣,所以此环节是核心环节。 “时间同步”在这里包含了三个层面的时间。其一,是指音乐播放时间段的精度和PLC控制程序时间段的精度相一致,而且两者之间的关系是同时开始、同时停止;其二,根据音乐曲目的节奏、气势所划分
38、的播放时间长度,要与相对应的水泵、灯光子程序所持续工作的时间长度一致,也就是水泵花形和灯光要随着音乐曲目产生的变化而变化,否则观赏时会出现音乐、花形和灯光三者之间的关系不够紧密,有一种脱节不搭调的感觉;其三,在同一时间段内,水泵花形与灯光子程序的工作持续或间断时间相一致,时间具体数值要考虑人体的视觉暂留时间,这样水泵花形和灯光会形成一个整体,同时开始、同时结束,整齐划一,花形程序和灯光程序可以一对一,也可以多对多,丰富观赏的效果。 PLC时间与播放音乐软件之间也存在时间跟踪、同步问题。 利用Windows媒体播放器提供的ActiveX接口,可以直接在监控软件中(例如西门子的WinCC)调用播放
39、器来播放音乐,并同时得到当前音乐播放的位置。得到了音乐以及当前的播放信息,就可以比较方便地通过编程来实现整首歌中各个时间段喷泉所需要展现的各种花型。例如这里选择给时间分段,在音乐的基本小节整数倍长度的小的时间段上预先编制好喷泉的各种基本动作,后期编制整体花型时会更加方便管理。 当然,在整个过程中,喷泉也可以脱离音乐来单独运转,方便日常的维护和花型的调试。 音乐选曲、PLC控制程序的编制 音乐选曲应选取节奏变化明显、气势抑扬顿挫的曲目,尽量不要选取节奏区别不明显、气势变化不突出的曲目,否则会给程序中花型的编制带来较大的困难,同时也可能导致喷泉整体效果不明显。 一旦音乐曲目选定,就要划分播放的时间
40、段,可以根据节奏、乐感进行划分,也可以借助专业音乐软件进行划分,并记录好已划分的时间段。这个过程需要反复推敲,确保划分时间段的准确性,以便最终能够得到更好的整体效果。然后,根据已划分好的时间段编制程序,所选取的程序要与当段音乐所表现的内涵、气势和情感相协调,充分体现效果。这里采取调用子程序的办法来完成整首曲的花型效果,在编制整首曲的花型时仅仅是在预先设定好的基本动作的基础上进行编排,修改曲目对应的动作谱,事半功倍。于是,在每个时间小节的开头,只需要开启这个时间段配合乐曲的基本花型动作的子程序(包括水泵和灯光程序),这样就比较容易做到音乐、喷泉、灯光的紧密结合。 程序调试 程序编制完成后,制作P
41、LC工作时的工作界面(能够远程表现喷泉当前的运行状态),可以看到在整首乐曲的所有时间段内的所有程序以及在同一时间段内,开启和关闭的水泵和灯光的动作谱和演示每一时刻的各个执行元件的执行状态,这样可以在现场看效果,通过观赏,询问记录他人的感受,记录下觉得需要进行调整的部分,修改程序中相应的动作谱的内容,改变相应的子程序的调用次序,从而使得喷泉和灯光和音乐配合的更好。 声音输出 可以直接将电脑的声卡输出的音频信号接入调音台与功率放大器、均衡器、压限器等音响设备串接,最后从现场的音箱输出音乐。 PLC的配置 根据控制点数就可以确定PLC的硬件配置方案。 根据喷泉整体的水泵台数,1台接触器控制的水泵对应PLC模块上的1个数字量输出点,1台变频器控制的水泵对应PLC模块上的1个模拟量输出点,1组单独控制的LED灯光对应1个数字量输出点,根据它们的总数来配置PLC的硬件组成。例如PLC选用32点数字量输出模块时,通过计算就能得到该种类模块所需要的数量。 根据具体的工作环境,还可能相应的需要选择避雷设备,来完成对系统的保护。
