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1、with的复合结构用法小结With 复合结构用法小结 “With + 复合结构”又称为“with结构”，在句中表状态或说明背景情况，常做伴随，方式，原因，条件等状语。具体结构如下： 1. With + 名词 + 介词短语 (1) He was asleep with his head on his arm. (2) The man came in with a whip in his hand. 在书面语中。上句也可以说成：The man came in, whip in hand. 2with + 名词 + 形容词 (1)With the weather so close and stuff
2、y, ten to one itll rain presently. 天气这么闷热，十之八九要下雨。 (2)He used to sleep with the windows open. 3. With + 名词 + 副词 (1)With John away, weve got more room. 约翰走了，我们的地方大了一些。 (2)The square looks more beautiful than ever with all the light on. 4. With + 名词 + -ed 分词 (1)With this problem solved, neopenicillin
3、1 is now in regular production. 随着这个问题的解决，新霉素一号现在已正式生产。 (2)All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 5. with + 名词 + -ing分词 (1)I wont be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. (2)He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring at him. (3)With the field leveled and irrigation channel
4、s controlling the volume of water(水量), no such problem arose again. 6. with + 名词 + to do (1)So in the afternoon, with nothing to do, I went on a round of the bookshops. 由于下午无事可做，我就去书店转了转。 (2)I cant go out with all these dishes to wash. 一、 with结构的构成 它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复
5、合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下： 1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词； 2. with或without-名词/代词+副词； 3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语； 4. with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式； 5. with或without-名词/代词 +分词。 下面分别举例： 1、 She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold. 2、 With th
6、e meal over ， we all went home. 3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。 The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand. 4、He lay in the dark empty house，with not a man ，woman or child to say he was kind to me. He could not finish it without me to help him. 5、She
7、 fell asleep with the light burning. Without anything left in the with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重 要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述，以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。 二、with结构的用法 1 在句子中with结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件。 With结构在句中也可以作定语。例如： 1.I like eating the mooncakes with eggs. 2.From spa
8、ce the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water. 3.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house. 三、 with结构的特点 1. with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系，而在逻辑上，却具有主谓关系，也就是说，可以用第一部分作主语，第二部分作谓语，构成一个句子。例如
9、： With him taken care of，we felt quite relieved. She fell asleep with the light burning. With her hair gone，there could be no use for them. 2. 在with结构中，第一部分为人称代词时，则该用宾格代词。例如： He could not finish it without me to help him. 四、 几点说明： 1. with结构在句子中的位置： with 结构在句中作状语，表示时间、条件、原因时一般放在句子前面，并用逗号与句子分开；表示方式和伴随
10、状况时一般放在句子后面，不用逗号分开。若with结构作定语，则放在所修饰的名词之后，一般不用逗号隔开。 2. with结构作状语时，不定式、现在分词 、和过去分词的区别： 在with结构中，不定式、现在分词作宾补，表示主动，但是不定式表示将要发生的动作，而现在分词表示正在发生或发生了的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成。 例如： With the boy leading the way，we found he house easily. With the boy to lead the way，we will find the house easily tomorrow. He lay on the
11、 bed with the bedroom door shut. 3. with结构与一般的with短语的区别： with结构具有上述功能和特点，而介词with+名词或代词组成的一般的with短语在句子中可以作定语和状语。作状语时，它能表示动作的方式、原因，但不能表示时间、伴随和条件。在一般的with短语中，with后面所跟的不是复合结构，也根本没有逻辑上的主谓关系。 4. with结构与独立主格结构的关系： with结构属于独立主格结构，但在结构上，with结构由介词with或without引导，名词前有冠词、形容词、所有格代词或其它词类所修饰，结构较松散；而独立主格结构没有with或wit
12、hout引导，结构严密，名词前可用可不用修饰语。在句法功能上，with结构可以作定语，独立主格结构则不能；独立主格结构通常在句中作状语，但也可以作主语，而with结构则不能。 独立主格在口语中不常用，往往由一个从句代替，而with结构较口语化，较常用。例如： There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them. A strong man working a whole day could not jump this high. The boy said，turning to the man，his eyes opened wide and his hand raised. Then last night，I followed him here，and climbed in，sword in hand. board， she went out to get something to eat. 2
