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1、不带to的不定式用法不带to的不定式用法 动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,它具有名词、形容词、副词的特征,因此在句子里用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、定语、状语和表语。但在某些结构中,不定式又往往不带to,现将有关不定式不带to的用法大致综述如下: 1用在感觉动词see,watch,notice,look at,hear,listen to,feel等后,作为宾语补足语,动词不定式不带to。如: We often heard them sing我们常常听到他们唱歌。 I saw her walk into the headmasters office我看见她走进了校长办公室。
2、 2用在使役动词make,let,have等后,作为宾语补足语,动词不定式不带to。如: What makes you think Im a farmer?你怎么认为我是一个农民? Now let me hear you play现在让我听你演奏。 Ill have my brother repair the radio for you我要让我哥哥给你修理收音机。 注意:感觉动词see,hear,watch,notice,feel,look at,listen to和使役动词let,make,have等用于被动语态时,动词不定式作为主语补足语则要带to。如: She was heard to
3、sing in the next room有人听到她在隔壁房间里唱歌。 3用在 had better,had best, would rather, may/might as well (最好), cannot but (不得不, 必然, 不能不), can not help but (不得不) , can not choose but (不得不,只好), 等结构后,词不定式不带to。如: Id better go and look for him我最好现在就去找他。 Youd best get there before lunch你最好午饭前到达那儿。 We would rather wai
4、t till tomorrow我们宁愿等到明天。 4两个或两个以上句法功能相同的动词不定式并列使用时,通常只是第一个动词不定式带to,后面的动词不定式则不带to。如: So he decided to go and get some medicine for his cough因此他决定去买点咳嗽药。 They began to read and write他们开始读和写。 5用在“Will you please+动词不定式”一类表示邀请或命令的句型中,动词不定式不带to。如: Will you please bring me some chicken?请你给我带点鸡肉来好吗? Will yo
5、u please ask her to call me tomorrow?请你让她明天给我打个电话好吗? 6用在由“Why”或“Why not”一类表示建议的句型中,动词不定式不带to。如: Why not join us?为什么不加入到我们当中来呢? Why spend so much money?为什么花这么多钱呢? 7用在助动词will,shall,would,do和情态动词can,may,must,need,dare等后,动词不定式不带to。如: I can sing in English我会用英语唱。 I think itll fit me quite well before lon
6、g我想这 很快就会合身的。 Unfair!How dare you say that?不公平!你怎么敢这么说? 注意:ought to,have to中的to不能少。dare和need用作实义动词时,它后面的动词不定式要带to。如: The girl doesnt dare to swim in the river这女孩不敢在河里游泳。 8用在动词help后作为宾语补足语,动词不定式既可以带to,也可以不带to。如: Will you help me repair my bike?请你帮我修理一下自行车好吗? Li Ping often helps medo my lessons李平经常帮助我
7、做功课。 9用在do anythingbut或except一类结构后,动词不定式不带to。如: Cant you do anything but ask silly questions?难道你只会提些愚蠢的问题吗? There is nothing to do except wait until the rain stops除了静候雨停之外别无办法。 9)在make do(make do with v.设法应付; make do without在没有.的情况下, 设法应付过去), make believe (假装, 假扮), let drop(使跌下, 丢下), let fall (放下(吊桥
8、等) ,使(帷幕)落下) , let fly (v.发射, 猛烈, 攻击), let slip(v.放走, 松开, 错过, 无意中说出), let drive at (,v.对准打),let go of (释放, 放开), leave go of(v.松手)等固定搭配中,用不带to的动词不定式。例如: They let go of the rope。他们松开了绳子。 John let fly a torrent of abuse at me。约翰朝我痛骂了一顿。 10)当What one does/did ;The first thing one should do 等含有实意动词do的结构在句中做主语,且表语是动词不定式时,to常省略。 Eg. John was short of money then, so what he did was sell his house to pay off the debts.