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1、TOEFL托福阅读真题精选 为了让大家更好的准备托福考试，给大家整理一些托福阅读真题，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。托福阅读真题1PASSAGE 34Matching the influx of foreign immigrants into the larger cities of the United States during the late nineteenth century was a domestic migration, from town and farm to city, within the United States. The country had been ov
2、erwhelmingly rural at the beginning of the century, with less than 5 percent of Americans living in large towns or cities. The proportion of urban population began to grow remarkably after 1840, increasing from 11 percent that year to 28 percent by 1880 and to 46 percent by 1900. A country with only
3、 6 cities boasting a population of more than 8,000 in 1800 had become one with 545 such cities in 1900. Of these, 26 had a population of more than 100,000 including 3 that held more than a million people. Much of the migration producing an urban society came from smaller towns within the United Stat
4、es, but the combination of new immigrants and old American settlers on Americas urban frontier in the late nineteenth century proved extraordinary.The growth of cities and the process of industrialization fed on each other. The agricultural revolution stimulated many in the countryside to seek a new
5、 life in the city and made it possible for fewer farmers to feed the large concentrations of people needed to provide a workforce for growing numbers of factories. Cities also provided ready and convenient markets for the products of industry, and huge contracts in transportation and construction as
6、 well as the expanded market in consumer goods allowed continued growth of the urban sector of the overall economy of the Untied States.Technological developments further stimulated the process of urbanization. One example is the Bessemer converter (an industrial process for manufacturing steel), wh
7、ich provided steel girders for the construction of skyscrapers. The refining of crude oil into kerosene, and later the development of electric lighting as well as of the telephone, brought additional comforts to urban areas that were unavailable to rural Americans and helped attract many of them fro
8、m the farms into the cities. In every era the lure of the city included a major psychological element for country people: the bustle and social interaction of urban life seemed particularly intriguing to those raised in rural isolation.1. What aspects of the United States in the nineteenth century d
9、oes the passage mainly discuss?(A) Technological developments(B) The impact of foreign immigrants on cities(C) Standards of living(D) The relationship between industrialization and urbanization2. The word influx in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) working(B) processing(C) arrival(D) attraction3. T
10、he paragraph preceding the passage most probably discuss(A) foreign immigration(B) rural life(C) the agricultural revolution(D) famous cities of the twentieth century4. What proportion of population of the United States was urban in 1900?(A) Five percent(B) Eleven percent(C) Twenty-eight percent(D)
11、Forty-six percent5. The word extraordinary in line 12 is closet in meaning to(A) expensive(B) exceptional(C) supreme(D) necessary6. The phrase each other in line 13 refers to(A) foreign immigrants and domestic migrants(B) farms and small towns(C) growth of cities and industrialization(D) industry an
12、d transportation7. The word stimulated in line 14 is closest in meaning to(A) forced(B) prepared(C) limited(D) motivated8. Why does the author mention electric lighting and the telephone in line 23?(A) They contributed to the agricultural revolution(B) They are examples of the conveniences of city l
13、ife(C) They were developed by the same individual.(D) They were products of the Bessemer converter.9. The word them in line 25 refers to(A) urban areas(B) rural Americans(C) farms(D) cities10. The word era in line 25 is closest in meaning to(A) period of time(B) location(C) action(D) unique situatio
14、n11. The word intriguing in line 27 is closest in meaning to(A) profitable(B) attractive(C) comfortable(D) challengingPASSAGE 34 DCADB CDBBA B托福阅读真题2PASSAGE 35The observation of the skies has played a special part in the lives and cultures of peoples since the earliest of times. Evidence obtained fr
15、om a site known as the Hole in the Rock, in Papago Park in Phoenix, Arizona, indicates that it might have been used as an observatory by a prehistoric people known as the Hohokam.The physical attributes of the site allow its use as a natural calendar/clock. The hole at Hole in the Rock is formed by
16、two large overhanging rocks coming together at a point, creating a shelter with an opening large enough for several persons to pass through. The northeast-facing overhang has a smaller opening in its roof. It is this smaller hole that produces the attributes that may have been used as a calendar/clo
17、ck.Because of its location in the shelters roof, a beam of sunlight can pass through this second hole and cast a spot onto the shelters wall and floor. This spot of light travels from west to east as the sun moves across the sky. It also moves from north to south and back again as the Earth travels
18、around the Sun, the west-to-east movement could have been used to establish a daily clock, much like a sundial, while the north-to-south movement could have been used to establish a seasonal calendar.The spot first appears and starts down the surface of the wall of the shelter at different times of
19、the morning depending on the time of the year. The spot grows in size from its first appearance until its maximum size is achieved roughly at midday. It then continues its downward movement until it reaches a point where it jumps to the floor of the shelter. As the Sun continues to move to the west,
20、 the spot continues to move across the shelter floor and down the butte, or hill, toward a group of small boulders. If a person is seated on a certain one of these rocks as the spot reaches it, the Sun can be viewed through the calendar hole. This occurs at different times in the afternoon depending
21、 on the time of year.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) observations of the stars by ancient people(B) rock formations of Arizona(C) a site used by ancient people to measure time(D) the movement of the earth around the Sun2. The word obtained in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) acquired(B
22、) transported(C) covered(D) removed3. The word attributes in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) changes(B) characteristics(C) locations(D) dimensions4. The word its in line 10 refers to(A) roof(B) beam(C) hole(D) spot5. The word establish in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) create(B) locate(C) co
23、nsult(D) choose6. Which of the following is NOT true of the spot of light?(A) It is caused by sunlight passing through a hole.(B) It travels across the roof of the shelter.(C) Its movement is affected by the position of the Sun.(D) It movement could have been used to estimate the time of day.7. From
24、 which of the following can be the time of year be determined?(A) The movement of the spot of light from west to east(B) The speed with which the spot of light moves(C) The movement of the spot of light from north to south(D) The size of the sport of light at midday8. The word roughly in line 18 is
25、closest in meaning to(A) finally(B) harshly(C) uneasily(D) approximately9. The passage mentions that the Hole in the Rock was used as all of the following EXCEPT(A) a calendar(B) a home(C) a clock(D) an observatory10. Which of the following can be inferred from the fourth paragraph?(A) The boulders
26、are located below the rock shelter.(B) The person seated on the rock cannot see the shelter.(C) After it passes the boulders, the spot of light disappears.(D) The spot of light is largest when it first appears.PASSAGE 35 CABCA BCDBA托福阅读真题3PASSAGE 36The year 1850 may be considered the beginning of a
27、new epoch in America art, with respect to the development of watercolor painting. In December of that year, a group of thirty artists gathered in the studio of John Falconer in New York City and drafted both a constitution and bylaws, establishing The Society for the Promotion of Painting in Water C
28、olor. In addition to securing an exhibition space in the Library Society building in lower Manhattan, the society founded a small school for the instruction of watercolor painting. Periodic exhibitions of the members paintings also included works by noted English artists of the day, borrowed from em
29、bryonic private collections in the city. The societys activities also included organized sketching excursions along the Hudson River. Its major public exposure came in 1853, when the society presented works by its members in the Industry of All Nations section of the Crystal Palace Exposition in New
30、 York.The society did not prosper, however, and by the time of its annual meeting in 1854 membership had fallen to twenty-one. The group gave up its quarters in the Library Society building and returned to Falconers studio, where it broke up amid dissension. No further attempt to formally organize t
31、he growing numbers of watercolor painters in New York City was made for more than a decade. During that decade, though, Henry Warrens Painting in Water Color was published in New York City in 1856 the book was a considerable improvement over the only other manual of instruction existing at the time,
32、 Elements of Graphic Art, by Archibald Roberson, published in 1802 and by the 1850s long out of print.In 1866 the National Academy of Design was host to an exhibition of watercolor painting in its elaborate neo-Venetian Gothic building on Twenty-Third Street in New York City. The exhibit was sponsor
33、ed by an independent group called The Artists Fund Society. Within a few months of this event, forty-two prominent artists living in and near New York City founded The American Society of Painters in Water Colors.1. This passage is mainly about(A) the most influential watercolor painters in the mid-
34、1800s(B) efforts to organize watercolor painters in New York City during the mid-1800s(C) a famous exhibition of watercolor paintings in New York City in the mid-1800s(D) styles of watercolor painting in New York City during the mid-1800s2. The year 1850 was significant in the history of watercolor
35、painting mainly because(A) a group of artists established a watercolor painting society(B) watercolor painting was first introduced to New York City(C) John Falconer established his studio for watercolor painters(D) The first book on watercolor painting was published3. The word securing in line 5 is
36、 closest in meaning to(A) locking(B) creating(C) constructing(D) acquiring4. All of the following can be inferred about the Society for the promotion of Painting inWatercolor EXCEPT:(A) The society exhibited paintings in lower Manhattan.(B) Instruction in watercolor painting was offered by members o
37、f the society(C) The society exhibited only the paintings of its members.(D) Scenes of the Hudson River appeared often in the work of society members.5. The exhibition at the Crystal Palace of the works of the Society for the Promotion of Painting inWatercolor was significant for which of the follow
38、ing reasons?(A) It resulted in a dramatic increase in the popularity of painting with watercolor.(B) It was the first time an exhibition was funded by a private source.(C) It was the first important exhibition of the societys work.(D) It resulted in a large increase in the membership of the society.
39、6. The word it in line 15 refers to(A) time(B) group(C) building(D) studio7. Which of the following is true of watercolor painters in New York City in the late 1850s?(A) They increased in number despite a lack of formal organization.(B) They were unable to exhibit their paintings because of the lack
40、 of exhibition space.(C) The Artists Fund Society helped them to form The American Society of Painters in WaterColors.(D) They formed a new society because they were not allowed to join groups run by other kindsof artists.8. Henry Warrens Painting in Water Color was important to artists because it(A
41、) received an important reward(B) was the only textbook published that taught painting(C) was much better than an earlier published fundamental of instruction(D) attracted the interest of art collectors9. The word considerable in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) sensitive(B) great(C) thoughtful(D
42、) planned10. The year 1866 was significant for watercolor painting for which of the following reasons?(A) Elements of Graphic Art was republished.(B) Private collections of watercolors were first publicly exhibited.(C) The neo-Venetian Gothic building on Twenty-Third Street in New York City was built.(D) The National Academy of Design held an exhibition of watercolor paintings.11. The word prominent in line 25 is closest in meaning to(A) wealthy(B) local(C) famous(D) organizedPASSAGE 36 BADCC BACBD C
