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1、TOEFL真题练习2020 为了让大家更好的准备托福考试，给大家整理了托福真题练习,下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。TOEFL真题1托福阅读文本：The principal difference between urban growth in Europe and in the North American colonies was the slow evolution of cities in the former and their rapid growth in the latter. In Europe they grew over a period of centuries from
2、 town economies to their present urban structure. In North America, they started as wilderness communities and developed to mature urbanism in little more than a century.In the early colonial days in North America, small cities sprang up along theAtlantic Coastline,mostly in what are now New England
3、 and Middle Atlantic states in the United States and in the lower Saint Lawrence valley in Canada. This was natural because these areas were nearest to England and France, particularly England, from which most capital goods (assets such as equipment) and many consumer goods were imported. Merchandis
4、ing establishments were,accordingly, advantageously located in port cities from which goods could be readily distributed to interior settlements. Here, too, were the favored locations for processing raw materials prior to export. Boston, Philadelphia, New York, Montreal, and other cities flourished,
5、 and, as the colonies grew, these cities increased in importance.This was less true in the colonial South, where life centered around large farms, known as plantations, rather than around towns, as was the case in the areas further north along the Atlantic coastline. The local isolation and the econ
6、omic self-sufficiency of the plantations were antagonistic to the development of the towns. The plantations maintained their independence because they were located on navigable streams and each had a wharf accessible to the small shipping of that day. In fact, one of the strongest factors in the sel
7、ection of plantation land was the desire to have its front on a water highway.When the United States became an independent nation in 1776, it did not have a single city as large as 50,000 inhabitants, but by 1820 it had a city of more than 10,000 people, and by 1880 it had recorded a city of over on
8、e million. It was not until after 1823, after the mechanization of the spinning had weaving industries, that cities started drawing young people away from farms. Such migration was particularly rapid following the Civil War (1861-1865).托福阅读题目：1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Factors that
9、slowed the growth of cities in Europe.(B) The evolution of cities in North America(C) Trade between North American and European cities(D) The effects of the United Sates independence on urban growth in New England.2. The word they in line 4 refers to(A) NorthAmerican colonies(B) cities(C) centuries(
10、D) town economies3. The passage compares early European and North American cities on the basis of which of thefollowing?(A) Their economic success(B) The type of merchandise they exported(C) Their ability to distribute goods to interior settlements(D) The pace of their development4. The word accordi
11、ngly in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) as usual(B) in contrast(C) to some degree(D) for that reason5. According to the passage , early colonial cities were established along the Atlantic coastline ofNorthAmerica due to(A) an abundance of natural resources(B) financial support from colonial gove
12、rnments(C) proximity to parts of Europe(D) a favorable climate6. The passage indicates that during colonial times, the Atlantic coastline cities prepared which ofthe following for shipment to Europe?(A) Manufacturing equipment(B) Capital goods(C) Consumer goods(D) Raw materials7. According to the pa
13、ssage , all of the following aspects of the plantation system influenced thegrowth of southern cities EXCEPT the(A) location of the plantations(B) access of plantation owners to shipping(C) relationships between plantation residents and city residents(D) economic self-sufficiency of the plantations8
14、. It can be inferred from the passage that, in comparison with northern cities, most southern citieswere(A) more prosperous(B) smaller(C) less economically self-sufficient(D) tied less closely to England than to France9. The word recorded in line 26 is closest in meaning to(A) imagined(B) discovered
15、(C) documented(D) planned10. The word drawing in line 28 is closest in meaning to(A) attracting(B) employing(C) instructing(D) representing11. The passage mentions the period following the Civil War (line 29) because it was a time of(A) significant obstacles to industrial growth(B) decreased depende
16、nce on foreign trade(C) increased numbers of people leaving employment on farms(D) increased migration from northern states to southern states托福阅读答案：BBDDC DCBCACTOEFL真题2托福阅读文本：During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, almost nothing was written about the contributions of women during the colo
17、nial period and the early history of the newly formed United States. Lacking the right to vote and absent from the seats of power, women were not considered an important force in history. Anne Bradstreet wrote some significant poetry in the seventeenth century, Mercy Otis Warren produced the best co
18、ntemporary history of the American Revolution, and Abigail Adams penned important letters showing she exercised great political influence over her husband, John, the second President of the United States. But little or no notice was taken of these contributions. During these centuries, women remaine
19、d invisible in history books.Throughout the nineteenth century, this lack of visibility continued, despite the efforts of female authors writing about women. These writers, like most of their male counterparts, were amateur historians. Their writings were celebratory in nature, and they were uncriti
20、cal in their selection and use of sources.During the nineteenth century, however, certain feminists showed a keen sense of history by keeping records of activities in which women were engaged. National, regional, and local womens organizations compiled accounts of their doings. Personal corresponden
21、ce, newspaper clippings, and souvenirs were saved and stored. These sources from the core of the two greatest collections of womens history in the United States one at the Elizabeth and Arthur Schlesinger Library at Radcliff College, and the other the Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College. Such s
22、ources have provided valuable materials for later generations of historians.Despite the gathering of more information about ordinary women during the nineteenth century, most of the writing about women conformed to the great women theory of history, just as much of mainstream American history concen
23、trated on great men. To demonstrate that women were making significant contributions to American life, female authors singled out women leaders and wrote biographies, or else important women produced their autobiographies. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists wo
24、rking for womens right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary woman. The lives of ordinary people continued, generally, to be untold in the American histories being published.托福阅读题目：1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The role of literature in earlyA
25、merican histories(B) The place ofAmerican women in written histories(C) The keen sense of history shown byAmerican women(D) The great women approach to history used by American historians2. The word contemporary in line 6 means that the history was(A) informative(B) written at that time(C) thoughtfu
26、l(D) faultfinding3. In the first paragraph, Bradstreet, Warren, and Adams are mentioned to show that(A) a womans status was changed by marriage(B) even the contributions of outstanding women were ignored(C) only three women were able to get their writing published(D) poetry produced by women was mor
27、e readily accepted than other writing by women4. The word celebratory in line 12 means that the writings referred to were(A) related to parties(B) religious(C) serious(D) full of praise5. The word they in line 12 refers to(A) efforts(B) authors(C) counterparts(D) sources6. In the second paragraph, w
28、hat weakness in nineteenth-century histories does the author pointout?(A) They put too much emphasis on daily activities(B) They left out discussion of the influence of money on politics.(C) The sources of the information they were based on were not necessarily accurate.(D) They were printed on poor
29、-quality paper.7. On the basis of information in the third paragraph, which of the following would most likelyhave been collected by nineteenth-century feminist organizations?(A) Newspaper accounts of presidential election results(B) Biographies of John Adams(C) Letters from a mother to a daughter a
30、dvising her how to handle a family problem(D) Books about famous graduates of the countrys first college8. What use was made of the nineteenth-century womens history materials in the SchlesingerLibrary and the Sophia Smith Collection?(A) They were combined and published in a multivolume encyclopedia
31、(B) They formed the basis of college courses in the nineteenth century.(C) They provided valuable information for twentieth-century historical researchers.(D) They were shared among womens colleges throughout the United States.9. In the last paragraph, the author mentions all of the following as pos
32、sible roles ofnineteenth-century great women EXCEPT(A) authors(B) reformers(C) activists for womens rights(D) politicians10. The word representative in line 29 is closest in meaning to(A) typical(B) satisfied(C) supportive(D) distinctive托福阅读答案：BBBDB CCCDATOEFL真题3托福阅读文本：Aviculturists, people who rais
33、e birds for commercial sale, have not yet learned how to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wild. They continue to look for better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rates.When parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity of the
34、nest are controlled naturally. Heat is transferred from the birds skin to the top portion of the eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature. This temperature gradient may be vital to successful hatching. Nest construction can contribute to this temperature gradient. Ne
35、sts of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirt are cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the nesting material. Such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottom sections of the nest so that the eggs are not in direct contact with the water. As
36、the water that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates, the water vapor rises and is heated by the incubating bird, which adds significant humidity to the incubation environment.In artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrots and incubate them under labor
37、atory conditions. Most commercial incubators heat the eggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring the birds method of natural incubation, and perhaps reducing the viability and survivability of the hatching chicks. When incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes o
38、utdoors to use as nests in which to place eggs. In areas where weather can become cold after eggs are laid, it is very important to maintain a deep foundation of nesting material to act as insulator against the cold bottom of the box. If eggs rest against the wooden bottom in extremely cold weather
39、conditions, they can become chilled to a point where the embryo can no longer survive. Similarly, these boxes should be protected from direct sunlight to avoid high temperatures that are also fatal to the growing embryo. Nesting material should be added in sufficient amounts to avoid both extreme te
40、mperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have a soft, secure place to rest.托福阅读题目：1. What is the main idea of the passage ?(A) Nesting material varies according to the parrots environment.(B) Humidity is an important factor in incubating parrots eggs.(C)Aviculturists have constr
41、ucted the ideal nest box for parrots.(D) Wild parrots nests provide information useful for artificial incubation.2. The word They in line 2 refers to(A) aviculturists(B) birds(C) eggs(D) rates3. According to paragraph 2, when the temperature of the sides and bottom of the egg are cooler than the top
42、, then(A) there may be a good chance for successful incubation(B) the embryo will not develop normally(C) the incubating parent moves the egg to a new position.(D) the incubation process is slowed down4.According to paragraph 2, sticks, rocks, or dirt are used to(A) soften the bottom of the nest for
43、 the newly hatched chick(B) hold the nest together(C) help lower the temperature at the bottom of the nest(D) make the nest bigger5.According to paragraph 2, the construction of the nest allows water to(A) provide a beneficial source of humidity in the nest(B) loosen the materials at the bottom of t
44、he nest(C) keep the nest in a clean condition(D) touch the bottom of the eggs6.All of the following are part of a parrots incubation method EXCEPT(A) heating the water vapor as it rises from the bottom of the nest(B) arranging nesting material at the bottom of the nest(C) transferring heat from the
45、parent to the top of the eggshell(D) maintaining a constant temperature on the eggshell7. The word suspend in line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) build(B) paint(C) hang(D) move8. The word fatal in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) close(B) deadly(C) natural(D) hot9. The word secure in line 27 is c
46、losest in meaning to(A) fresh(B) dry(C) safe(D) warm10.According to paragraph 3, a deep foundation of nesting material provides(A) a constant source of humidity(B) a strong nest box(C) more room for newly hatched chicks(D) protection against cold weather11. Which of the following is a problem with c
47、ommercial incubators?(A) They lack the natural temperature changes of the outdoors.(B) They are unable to heat the eggs evenly(C) They do not transfer heat to the egg in the same way the parent bird does.(D) They are expensive to operate.12. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?(A)Aviculturists (line 1)(B) gradient (line 8)(C) incubation (line 15)
