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1、TOEFL真题练习大全 为了让大家更好的准备托福考试，给大家整理了托福真题练习,下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。TOEFL真题1One area of paleoanthropological study involves the eating and dietary habits of hominids,erect bipedal primates including early humans. It is clear that at some stage of history, humans began to carry their food to central places, call
2、ed home bases, where it was shared and consumed with the young and other adults. The use of home bases is a fundamental component of human social behavior; the common meal served at a common hearth is a powerful symbol, a mark of social unity. Home base behavior does not occur among nonhuman primate
3、s and is rare among mammals. It is unclear when humans began to use home bases, what kind of communications and social relations were involved, and what the ecological and food-choice contexts of the shift were.Work on early tools, surveys of paleoanthropological sites, development and testing of br
4、oad ecological theories, and advances in comparative primatology are contributing to knowledge about this central chapter in human prehistory.One innovative approach to these issues involves studying damage and wear on stone tools.Researchers make tools that replicate excavated specimens as closely
5、as possible and then try to use them as the originals might have been used, in woodcutting, hunting, or cultivation.Depending on how the tool is used, characteristic chippage patterns and microscopically distinguishable polishes develop near the edges. The first application of this method of analysi
6、s to stone tools that are 1.5 million to 2 million years old indicates that, from the start, an important function of early stone tools was to extract highly nutritious food meat and marrow from large animal carcasses. Fossil bones with cut marks caused by stone tools have been discovered lying in t
7、he same 2-million-year-old layers that yielded the oldest such tools and the oldest hominid specimens (including humans) with larger than ape-sized brains. This discovery increases scientists certainty about when human ancestors began to eat more meat than present-day nonhuman primates. But several
8、questions remain unanswered: how frequently meat eating occurred; what the social implications of meat eating were; and whether the increased use of meat coincides with the beginnings of the use of home bases.托福阅读题目：1. The passage mainly discusses which of the following aspects of hominid behavior?(
9、A) Changes in eating and dietary practices(B) The creation of stone hunting tools(C) Social interactions at home bases(D) Methods of extracting nutritious food from carcasses2.According to the passage , bringing a meal to a location to be shared by many individuals is(A) an activity typical of nonhu
10、man primates(B) a common practice among animals that eat meat(C) an indication of social unity(D) a behavior that encourages better dietary habits3. The word consumed in line 4 is closest in meaning to(A) prepared(B) stored(C) distributed(D) eaten4.According to paragraph 2, researchers make copies o
11、f old stone tools in order to(A) protect the old tools from being worn out(B) display examples of the old tools in museums(C) test theories about how old tools were used(D) learn how to improve the design of modern tools5. In paragraph 2, the author mentions all of the following as examples of ways
12、in which earlystone tools were used EXCEPT to(A) build home bases(B) obtain food(C) make weapons(D) shape wood6. The word innovative in line 13 is closest in meaning to(A) good(B) new(C) simple(D) costly7. The word them in line 15 refers to(A) issues(B) researchers(C) tools(D) specimens8. The author
13、 mentions characteristic chippage patterns in line 16 as an example of(A) decorations cut into wooden objects(B) differences among tools made of various substances(C) impressions left on prehistoric animal bones(D) indications of wear on stone tools9. The word extract in line 19 is closest in meanin
14、g to(A) identify(B) remove(C) destroy(D) compare10. The word whether in line 26 is closest in meaning to(A) if(B) how(C) why(D) when托福阅读答案：ACDCABCDBATOEFL真题2托福阅读文本：Prehistoric mammoths have been preserved in the famous tar pits of Rancho La Brea (Brea is the Spanish word for tar) in what is now the
15、heart of Los Angeles, California. These tar pits have been known for centuries and were formerly mined for their natural asphalt, a black or brown petroleum-like substance. Thousands of tons were extracted before 1875, when it was first noticed that the tar contained fossil remains. Major excavation
16、s were undertaken that established the significance of this remarkable site. The tar pits were found to contain the remains of scores of species of animals from the last 30,000 years of the Ice Age.Since then, over 100 tons of fossils, 1.5 million from vertebrates, 2.5 million from invertebrates, ha
17、ve been recovered, often in densely concentrated and tangled masses. The creatures found range from insects and birds to giant ground sloths, but a total of 17 proboscides (animals with a proboscis or long nose) including mastodons and Columbian mammoths have been recovered, most of them from Pit 9,
18、 the deepest bone-bearing deposit, which was excavated in 1914. Most of the fossils date to between 40,000 and 10,000 years ago.The asphalt at La Brea seeps to the surface, especially in the summer, and forms shallow puddles that would often have been concealed by leaves and dust. Unwary animals wou
19、ld become trapped on these thin sheets of liquid asphalt, which are extremely sticky in warm weather. Stuck, the unfortunate beasts would die of exhaustion and hunger or fall prey to predators that often also became stuck.As the animals decayed, more scavengers would be attracted and caught in their
20、 turn.Carnivores greatly outnumber herbivores in the collection: for every large herbivore, there is one saber-tooth cat, a coyote, and four wolves. The fact that some bones are heavily weathered shows that some bodies remained above the surface for weeks or months. Bacteria in the asphalt would hav
21、e consumed some of the tissues other than bones, and the asphalt itself would dissolve what was left, at the same time impregnating and beautifully preserving the saturated bones, rendering them dark brown and shiny.托福阅读题目：1. What aspect of the La Brea tar pits does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Th
22、e amount of asphalt that was mined there(B) The chemical and biological interactions between asphalt and animals(C) The fossil remains that have been found there(D) Scientific methods of determining the age of tar pits2. In using the phrase the heart of Los Angeles in line 2, the author is talking a
23、bout the citys(A) beautiful design(B) central area(C) basic needs(D) supplies of natural asphalt3. The word noticed in line 5 closest in meaning to(A) predicted(B) announced(C) corrected(D) observed4. The word tangled in line 10 is closest in meaning to(A) buried beneath(B) twisted together(C) quick
24、ly formed(D) easily dated5. The word them in line 13 refers to(A) insects(B) birds(C) cloths(D) proboscideans6. How many proboscideans have been found at the La Brea tar pits?(A) 9(B) 17(C) 1.5 million(D) 2.5 million7. The word concealed in line 17 is closest in meaning to(A) highlighted(B) covered(
25、C) transformed(D) contaminated8. Why does the author mention animals such as coyotes and wolves in paragraph 4?(A) To give examples of animals that are classified as carnivores(B) To specify the animals found least commonly at La Brea(C) To argue that these animals were especially likely to avoid ex
26、tinction.(D) To define the term scavengers托福阅读答案：CBDBD BBATOEFL真题3托福阅读文本：Among the species of seabirds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate, lay eggs, and rear their young are common murres, Atlantic puffins,black-legged kittiwakes, and northern gannets
27、. Of all the birds on these cliffs, the black-legged kittiwake gull is the best suited for nesting on narrow ledges. Although its nesting habits are similar to those of gulls that nest on flat ground, there are a number of important differences related to the cliff-nesting habit.The advantage of nes
28、ting on cliffs is the immunity it gives from foxes, which cannot scale the sheer rocks, and from ravens and other species of gulls, which have difficulty in landing on narrow ledges to steal eggs. This immunity has been followed by a relaxation of the defenses, and kittiwakes do not react to predato
29、rs nearly as fiercely as do ground-nesting gulls. A colony of Bonapartes gulls responds to the appearance of a predatory herring gull by flying up as a group with a clamor of alarm calls, followed by concerted mobbing, but kittiwakes simply ignore herring gulls, since they pose little threat to nest
30、s on cliffs. Neither do kittiwakes attempt to conceal their nest. Most gulls keep the nest area clear of droppings, and remove empty eggshells after the chicks have hatched, so that the location of the nest is not given away. Kittiwakes defecate over the edge of the nest, which keeps it clean, but t
31、his practice, as well as their tendency to leave the nest littered with eggshells, makes its location very conspicuous.On the other hand, nesting on a narrow ledge has its own peculiar problems, and kittiwake behavior has become adapted to overcome them. The female kittiwake sits when mating, wherea
32、s other gulls stand, so the pair will not overbalance and fall off the ledge. The nest is a deep cup,made of mud or seaweed, to hold the eggs safely, compared with the shallow scrape of other gulls,and the chicks are remarkably immobile until fully grown. They do not run from their nests when approa
33、ched, and if they should come near to the cliff edge, they instinctively turn back.托福阅读题目：1. What aspect of the kittiwake gull does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Its defensive behavior(B) It interactions with other gull species(C) Its nesting habits(D) Its physical difference from other gull specie
34、s2. The word rear in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) visit(B) watch(C) reverse(D) raise3. The word scale in line 8 is closest in meaning to(A) climb(B) avoid(C) approach(D) measure4. The word immunity in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) distance(B) transition(C) protection(D) reminder5. Why is
35、it difficult for ravens to steal the kittiwakes eggs?(A) The kittiwakes can see the ravens approaching the nest.(B) The ravens cannot land on the narrow ledges where kittiwakes nest.(C) The kittiwakes eggs are too big for the ravens to carry.(D) The female kittiwakes rarely leave the nest.6. The aut
36、hor mentions that eggshells litter around the nests of kittiwakes in order to(A) demonstrate that kittiwakes are not concerned about predators(B) prove how busy kittiwakes are in caring for their offspring(C) show a similarity to other types of gulls(D) illustrate kittiwakes lack of concern for thei
37、r chicks7. According to the passage , it can be inferred that which of the following birds conceal their nest?(A) Bonapartes gulls(B)Atlantic puffins(C) Kittiwake gulls(D) Northern gannets8. The word it in line 17 refers to(A) location(B) edge(C) nest(D) practice9. The word conspicuous in line 18 is
38、 closest in meaning to(A) disordered(B) suspicious(C) noticeable(D) appealing10. The phrase On the other hand in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) therefore(B) however(C) for example(D) by no means托福阅读答案：CDACBAACCBTOEFL真题4托福阅读文本：The canopy, the upper level of the trees in the rain forest, holds a
39、plethora of climbing mammals of moderately large size, which may include monkeys, cats, civets, and porcupines.Smaller species, including such rodents as mice and small squirrels, are not as prevalent overall in high tropical canopies as they are in most habitats globally.Small mammals, being warm b
40、looded, suffer hardship in the exposed and turbulent environment of the uppermost trees. Because a small body has more surface area per unit ofweight than a large one of similar shape, it gains or loses heat more swiftly. Thus, in the trees, where shelter from heat and cold may be scarce and conditi
41、ons may fluctuate, a small mammal may have trouble maintaining its body temperature.Small size makes it easy to scramble among twigs and branches in the canopy for insects, flowers, or fruit, but small mammals are surpassed, in the competition for food, by large ones that have their own tactics for
42、browsing among food-rich twigs. The weight of a gibbon (a small ape)hanging below a branch arches the terminal leaves down so that fruit-bearing foliage drops toward the gibbons face. Walking or leaping species of a similar or even larger size access the outer twigs either by snapping off and retrie
43、ving the whole branch or by clutching stiff branches with the feet or tail and plucking food with their hands.Small climbing animals may reach twigs readily, but it is harder for them than for large climbing animals to cross the wide gaps from on tree crown to the next that typify the high canopy.A
44、macaque or gibbon can hurl itself farther than a mouse can: it can achieve a running start, and it can more effectively use a branch as a springboard, even bouncing on a climb several times before jumping. The forward movement of a small animal is seriously reduced by the air friction against the re
45、latively large surface area of its body. Finally, for the many small mammals that supplement their insect diet with fruits or seeds, an inability to span open gaps between tree crowns may be problematic, since trees that yield these foods can be sparse.托福阅读题目：1. The passage answers which of the foll
46、owing questions?(A) How is the rain forest different from other habitats?(B) How does an animals body size influence an animals need for food?(C) Why does the rain forest provide an unusual variety of food for animals?(D) Why do large animals tend to dominate the upper canopy of the rain forest?2. W
47、hich of the following animals is less common in the upper canopy than in other environments?(A) Monkeys(B) Cats(C) Porcupines(D) Mice3. The word they in line 4 refers to(A) trees(B) climbing mammals of moderately large size(C) smaller species(D) high tropical canopies4. According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true about the small mammals in the rain forest?(A
