TOEFL真题练习.doc

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1、TOEFL真题练习 为了让大家更好的准备托福考试，给大家整理了托福真题练习,下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。TOEFL真题1托福阅读文本：The end of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth century were marked by the development of an international Art Nouveau style, characterized by sinuous lines, floral and vegetable motifs, and soft evanescent c

2、oloration. The Art Nouveau style was an eclectic one,bringing together elements of Japanese art, motifs of ancient cultures, and natural forms. The glass objects of this style were elegant in outline, although often deliberately distorted, with pale or iridescent surfaces. A favored device of the st

3、yle was to imitate the iridescent surface seen on ancient glass that had been buried. Much of the Art Nouveau glass produced during the years of its greatest popularity had been generically termed art glass. Art glass was intended for decorative purposes and relied for its effect upon carefully chos

4、en color combinations and innovative techniques.France produced a number of outstanding exponents of the Art Nouveau style; among the most celebrated was Emile Galle (1846-1904). In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great vari

5、ety of glass forms and surfaces,which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today. Tiffany was a brilliant designer, successfully combining ancient Egyptian, Japanese, and Persian motifs.The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, although it

6、s influence continued throughout the mid-1920s. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century. At first restricted to a small avant-garde group of architects and designers, Functionalism emerged as the dominant

7、 influence upon designers after the First World War. The basic tenet of the movement that function should determine form was not a new concept. Soon a distinct aesthetic code evolved: form should be simple, surfaces plain, and any ornament should be based on geometric relationships. This new design

8、concept, coupled with the sharp postwar reactions to the styles and conventions of the preceding decades, created an entirely new public taste which caused Art Nouveau types of glass to fall out of favor. The new taste demanded dramatic effects of contrast,stark outline and complex textural surfaces

9、.托福阅读题目：1. What does paragraph 1 mainly discuss?(A) Design elements in the Art Nouveau style(B) The popularity of theArt Nouveau style(C) Production techniques for art glass(D) Color combinations typical of theArt Nouveau style2. The word one in line 4 refers to(A) century(B) development(C) style(D)

10、 coloration3. Paragraph 1 mentions that Art Nouveau glass was sometimes similar to which aspect of ancientburied glass?(A) The distortion of the glass(B) The appearance of the glass surface(C) The shapes of the glass objects(D) The size of the glass objects4. What is the main purpose of paragraph 2?

11、(A) to compare differentArt Nouveau styles(B) to give examples of famous Art Nouveau artists(C) to explain why Art Nouveau glass was so popular in the United States(D) to show the impact Art Nouveau had on other cultures around the world5. The word prized in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) value

12、d(B) universal(C) uncommon(D) preserved6. The word overtaken in line 20 is closest in meaning to(A) surpassed(B) inclined(C) expressed(D) applied7. What does the author mean by stating that function should determine form (lines 23-24)?(A)A useful object should not be attractive.(B) The purpose of an

13、 object should influence its form.(C) The design of an object is considered more significant than its function.(D) The form of an object should not include decorative elements.8. It can be inferred from the passage that one reason Functionalism became popular was that it(A) clearly distinguished bet

14、ween art and design(B) appealed to people who liked complex painted designs(C) reflected a common desire to break from the past(D) was easily interpreted by the general public9. Paragraph 3 supports which of the following statements about Functionalism?(A) Its design concept avoided geometric shapes

15、.(B) It started on a small scale and then spread gradually.(C) It was a major force in the decorative arts before the First World War.(D) It was not attractive to architects and designers.10.According to the passage , an object made in the Art Nouveau style would most likely include(A) a flowered de

16、sign(B) bright colors(C) modern symbols(D) a textured surface托福阅读答案：ACBBAABCBATOEFL真题2托福阅读文本：The mineral particles found in soil range in size from microscopic clay particles to large boulders. The most abundant particles sand, silt, and clay are the focus of examination in studies of soil texture.

17、Texture is the term used to describe the composite sizes of particles in a soil sample, typically several representative handfuls.To measure soil texture, the sand, silt, and clay particles are sorted out by size and weight. The weights of each size are then expressed as a percentage of the sample w

18、eight. In the field, soil texture can be estimated by extracting a handful of soil and squeezing the damp soil into three basic shapes; (1) cast, a lump formed by squeezing a sample in a clenched fist; (2) thread, a pencil shape formed by rolling soil between the palms; and (3) ribbon, a flatfish sh

19、ape formed by squeezing a small sample between the thumb and index finger. The behavioral characteristics of the soil when molded into each of these shapes, if they can be formed at all, provide the basis for a general textural classification. The behavior of the soil in the hand test is determined

20、by the amount of clay in the sample. Clay particles are highly cohesive, and when dampened, behave as a plastic. Therefore the higher the clay content in a sample, the more refined and durable the shapes into which it can be molded.Another method of determining soil texture involves the use of devic

21、es called sediment sieves,screens built with a specified mesh size. When the soil is filtered through a group of sieves, each with a different mesh size, the particles become grouped in corresponding size categories. Each category can be weighed to make a textural determination. Although sieves work

22、 well for silt, sand, and larger particles, they are not appropriate for clay particles. Clay is far too small to sieve accurately; therefore, in soils with a high proportion of clay, the fine particles are measured on the basis of their settling velocity when suspended in water. Since clays settle

23、so slowly, they are easily segregated from sand and silt. The water can be drawn off and evaporated, leaving a residue of clay, which can be weighed.托福阅读题目：1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Characteristics of high quality soil(B) Particles typically found in most soils(C) How a high clay c

24、ontent affects the texture of soil(D) Ways to determine the texture of soil2. The author mentions several representative handfuls in line 4 in order to show(A) the range of soil samples(B) the process by which soil is weighed(C) the requirements for an adequate soil sample(D) how small soil particle

25、s are weighted3. The phrase sorted out in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) mixed(B) replaced(C) carried(D) separated4. It can be inferred that the names of the three basic shapes mentioned in paragraph 2 reflect(A) the way the soil is extracted(B) the results of squeezing the soil(C) the need to c

26、heck more than one handful(D) the difficulty of forming different shapes5. The word dampened in line 14 is closest in meaning to(A) damaged(B) stretched(C) moistened(D) examined6. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about a soil sample with little or noclay in it?(A) It is not ve

27、ry heavy.(B) It may not hold its shape when molded.(C) Its shape is durable(D) Its texture cannot be classified7. The word they in line 21 refers to(A) categories(B) sieves(C) larger particles(D) clay particles8. It can be inferred from the passage that the sediment sieve has an advantage over the h

28、and testin determining soil texture because(A) using the sieve takes less time(B) the sieve can measure clay(C) less training is required to use the sieve(D) the sieve allows for a more exact measure9. During the procedure described in paragraph 3, when clay particles are placed into water they(A) s

29、tick to the sides of the water container(B) take some time to sink to the bottom(C) separate into different sizes(D) dissolve quickly10. The word fine in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) tiny(B) many(C) excellent(D) various11.All of the following words are defined in the passage EXCEPT(A) texture

30、 (line 3)(B) ribbon (line 10)(C) sediment sieves (line 18)(D) evaporated (line 25)托福阅读答案：DADBC BBDBA DTOEFL真题3In July of 1994, an astounding series of events took place. The world anxiously watched as,every few hours, a hurtling chunk of comet plunged into the atmosphere of Jupiter. All of the twent

31、y-odd fragments, collectively called comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 after its discoverers, were once part of the same object, now dismembered and strung out along the same orbit. This cometary train, glistening like a string of pearls, had been first glimpsed only a few months before its fateful impact with

32、 Jupiter, and rather quickly scientists had predicted that the fragments were on a collision course with the giant planet. The impact caused an explosion clearly visible from Earth, a bright flaming fire that quickly expanded as each icy mass incinerated itself. When each fragment slammed at 60 kilo

33、meters per second into the dense atmosphere, its immense kinetic energy was transformed into heat, producing a superheated fireball that was ejected back through the tunnel the fragment had made a few seconds earlier. The residues from these explosions left huge black marks on the face of Jupiter, s

34、ome of which have stretched out to form dark ribbons.Although this impact event was of considerable scientific import, it especially piqued public curiosity and interest. Photographs of each collision made the evening television newscast and were posted on the Internet. This was possibly the most op

35、en scientific endeavor in history. The face of the largest planet in the solar system was changed before our very eyes. And for the very first time, most of humanity came to fully appreciate the fact that we ourselves live on a similar target, a world subject to catastrophe by random assaults from c

36、elestial bodies. That realization was a surprise to many, but it should not have been. One of the great truths revealed by the last few decades of planetary exploration is that collisions between bodies of all sizes are relatively commonplace, at least in geologic terms, and were even more frequent

37、in the early solar system.托福阅读题目：1. The passage mentions which of the following with respect to the fragments of cometShoemaker-Levy 9?(A) They were once combine in a larger body.(B) Some of them burned up before entering the atmosphere of Jupiter.(C) Some of them are still orbiting Jupiter.(D) They

38、 have an unusual orbit.2. The word collectively in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A) respectively(B) popularly(C) also(D) together3. The author compares the fragments of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 to all of the followingEXCEPT(A) a dismembered body(B) a train(C) a pearl necklace(D) a giant planet4. Bef

39、ore comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 hit Jupiter in July 1994, scientists(A) had been unaware of its existence(B) had been tracking it for only a few months(C) had observed its breakup into twenty-odd fragments(D) had decided it would not collide with the planet5. Before the comet fragments entered the atmosp

40、here of Jupiter, they were most likely(A) invisible(B) black(C) frozen(D) exploding6. Superheated fireballs were produced as soon as the fragments of comet Shoemaker- Levy 9(A) hit the surface of Jupiter(B) were pulled into Jupiters orbit(C) were ejected back through the tunnel(D) entered the atmosp

41、here of Jupiter7. The phrase incinerated itself in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) burned up(B) broke into smaller pieces(C) increased its speed(D) grew in size8. Which of the following is mentioned as evidence of the explosions that is still visible onJupiter?(A) fireballs(B) ice masses(C) black

42、 marks(D) tunnels9. Paragraph 2 discusses the impact of the comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 primarily in terms of(A) its importance as an event of great scientific significance(B) its effect on public awareness of the possibility of damage to Earth(C) the changes it made to the surface of Jupiter(D) the effe

43、ct it had on television broadcasting10. The target in line 20 most probably referred to(A) Earth(B) Jupiter(C) the solar system(D) a comet托福阅读答案：ADDBC DACBATOEFL真题4The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substance

44、s, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first time that food contained constituents that were essential for human function and that different foods provided different amounts of

45、these essential agents. Near the end of this era, research studies demonstrated that rapid weight loss was associated with nitrogen imbalance and could only be rectified by providing adequate dietary protein associated with certain foods.The second era was initiated in the early decades of the twent

46、ieth century and might be called the vitamin period. Vitamins came to be recognized in foods, and deficiency syndromes were described. As vitamins became recognized as essential food constituents necessary for health, it became tempting to suggest that every disease and condition for which there had

47、 been no previous effective treatment might be responsive to vitamin therapy. At that point in time, medical schools started to become more interested in having their curricula integrate nutritional concepts into the basic sciences. Much of the focus of this education was on the recognition of vitamin deficiency symptoms. Herein lay the beginning of what ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of the value