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1、人教年级英语上册第四单元教材全解人教版八年级英语上册第四单元教材全解 (一)习惯用语: get to=arrive in/at=reach 到达 take the bus/ subway/ train/ taxi/ boat (to) =(go to )by bus /subway /train /taxi/ boat/bike 坐汽车/地铁/火车/出租车/船(去) on a bus/train/subway/plane/bike 坐汽车/火车/地铁/飞机/自行车 ride a bike(bicycle) 骑自行车 on foot 步行 fromto 从到 in a car/taxi/boat
2、 坐小车/的士/船 leave for 动身去 the early bus 早班车 how far多远 think of 考虑/想到 around the world=all over the world全世界 the school bus 校车 depend on 决定于 in the other parts of the world 在世界的其它地方 a small number of 少数 in the hospital 在医院里 in Chinese 用汉语 Dont worry. 别担心. so much 这么多 at around half past six 大约在六点半 half
3、 an hour=thirty minutes 半小时 bus station/ bus stop 汽车站 It takes sb. some time to do sth.=Sb. spend some time (in) doing sth. 某人花费多少时间做某事. need to do sth.需要做某事. the subway station地铁站 the most popular最流行的 North America北美 be different from与不同 二)重点句型: 1How does Emilio get to school?爱米丽欧怎么去学校? 2 .How far
4、is it from your home to school ?从你家到学校有多远? 3How long does it take you to get from home to school? 从家到学校你花费多长时间? 4_I ride my bike to the subway station我骑车去地铁车站。 5In North America,not all students take the bus to sch001 在北美,并非所有学生坐公共汽车去学校。 6.In China,bikes and buses are the most popular means of trans
5、portation.在中国,自行车和公共汽车是最流行的交通方式。 7What do you think of the transportation in your town? 你认为你们镇上的交通情况如何? 8Other parts of the world are different from the United States 世界上其他地方与美国不同。 9. It depends on where you are. 它取决于你在哪里。 三)交际用语: How do you get to school? I take the bus. How long does it take? It t
6、akes 20 minutes. How far is it? Its 10 miles. 四)主题写作: 谈论如何去某地。例如:给你一张图或信息,让你写怎样到达某个地方.或写信邀请朋友到你家,并告诉其路线。 词语点击: 1.take: teik 及物动词vt.带(去), 携带 She went out of the room, taking the flowers with her. 她带着花走出了房间。 拿, 取, 抓 Who has taken my pen?谁把我的钢笔拿走了? 需要; 花费:常见句型为“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”意为“某人花多
7、少时间做某事”例如: It takes me twenty minutes to walk to school every day. 我每天步行去上学要花二十分钟。 取得, 接受, 容纳 : John takes second place in the race.约翰获得赛跑亚军。 买下; 租用 Were taking a house for a month.我们打算租间房子住一个月。 吃, 喝, 服 Will you take a cup of tea?你要喝一杯茶吗? 乘车, 上船 Because it was wet, he took a taxi. 因为天下雨, 所以他搭乘了出租车。
8、测定, 量; 拍 The nurse took the patients temperature.护士为病人量了体温。 不及物动词vi.产生预期效果 The dye took immediately.马上着色了。 vt. & vi.上钩 The fish is taking.鱼要上钩了。 take exercise运动,锻炼 take off脱掉,起飞 take a look at看一看 take photos拍照 take a seat坐下 take a walk散步 take a rest休息 take down取下,写下,记下 take away拿走 take out拿出 take sb
9、 (sth) for to be把某人(某物)当作。 2.hundred: h?ndr?d 数词 num.一百 There are more than five hundred people on the playground. 运动场上有五百多人。 hundred,thousand,million(百万)这样的词前面有具体数词时不能用复数,当表示不具体数字时是可以加s的,后面有介词of,表示“数百的,数千的,数百万的”如:hundreds of books. tens of thousands of习语中“hundred”并非表示精确数字,往往强调数量之多,如: by the hundred
10、 ; hundred percent; hundreds of thousands of people; a hundred to one一百比一,指概率极高,非常可能。 ninetynine out of a hundred意义与前者类似:百分之九十九,几乎全部, hundreds and thousands 指的是糕点上作点缀用的小蜜饯。 谚语中,hundred更是虚指,强调 多,而且 通常与 一 形成对照。 收集整理如下: A hundred pounds of sorrow pays not one ounce of debt 百镑愁难还一分债。 Buyers want a hunds
11、ed eyes; sellers,none. 买东西的要有百只眼,卖东西的可以不长眼. ;遥远的;久远的 Manchester is farther from London than Oxford is. 曼彻斯特比牛津离伦敦远。 How far is it from your office to the bank? 你的办公室离银行多远? It happened far back in the past. 这事发生在久远的过去。 He didnt go far.他没有走远。 far的反义词是near,far常与from 连用,near与to连用。例如: He lives near to a
12、chemical factory.他住在一个化工厂附近。 6.stop: st?p 名词 n. C停止;中止;终止;停车 The train came to a stop.火车停了下来。 停车站Ill get off at the next stop.我下一站下车。 stop doing 停止做某事,指停下正在做的事情 stop to do 停下去做某事,指将要去做的事情。 Stop reading.不要读了。 Stop to read.停下,去读书。 7.north: n?: 名词 n. 北,北方the S I live in a small room facing the north. 我
13、住在朝北的小房间里。 形容词 北的,北方的,北部的 Mexico is in the south of North America.墨西哥在北美洲南部。 副词adv. 向北方;在北方;自北方 He walked north. 他往北走去。 “四面八方”:east,southeast,south,southwest,west,northwest,north,northeast on+方向“相邻但不包含” in+方向“在内部的某位置” to+方向“ Shanghai is in the east of China.上海在中国的东方。 Hubei Province is on the north o
14、f Hunan Province.湖北省在湖南省的北方。 Japan is to the east of China.日本在中国的东方。 8.means: mi:nz 名词 n.手段,方法;工具,单复数同形 It is all a means to an end.这只是达到目的的一种手段。 The quickest means of traveling is by plane.最快的交通工具是飞机。 by means of用方法,依靠 They succeeded by means of perseverance.他们依靠坚忍不拔而获得成功。 By all means的意思是“一定”、“无论如
15、何”、“用一切手段”。例: You must bring him here by all means你必须想方设法把他带到这里来。 By no means的意思是“决不”,相当于not at all.例如: She is by no means bright 她一点儿也不聪明。 9.worry: w?ri 1)动词vt. vi.担心,担忧,焦虑 Nothing worries me. 我没有什么可担心的。 Dont worry about the matter, take it easy.别担心那件事,轻松一点。 2)名词 n.1. 烦恼;焦虑;担心U2. 令人发愁的事(或人)C Mother
16、s illness was always a great worry to me. 母亲的病一直是我非常担心的事。 worry的形容词有两个:worried经常修饰人,意为“担心的,忧虑的”,worrying意为“令人担忧的”,常用来形式事物。例如: He was worried about the woorying future.他对令人担心的未来充满忧虑。 10.much: m?t? 1)形容词 adj. 许多;大量的;很大程度的 How much rent do you pay? 你付多少租金? The English do not drink much wine.英国人喝酒不多。 2)
17、代词 pron.许多,大量 Much of the time was wasted. 许多时间都浪费掉了。 3)副词 adv. 非常;很 I dont much care for television.我不太喜欢看电视。 (加强比较级或最高级)远为,.得多 Our room is much bigger than theirs. 我们的房间比他们的大多了。 much不能直接修饰动词,它需要构成very much(很,非常)=a lot,并放在句尾。 I like hamburgers vey much.我非常喜欢汉堡包。 火眼金睛: 1.“花销”细盘点: spend,take,cost和pay
18、的用法: 初中阶段关于“花钱”,“花费时间”的词常见的有以下五个:buy,cost,pay,spend和take。很多学生对这几个词的词义和用法似懂非懂,用起来往往出错。其实这些词都与钱物有关,与时间有关的只有take和spend。下面具体谈一谈其用法: spend指花钱,花费时间。主语是人。其常见结构分别为to spend money on sth,spend timedoing sth。 I spent six yuan on a new dictionary How do you spend your spare time? I spend my spare time writing b
19、ooks take指花钱 It takes/costs me a lot of money to buy a big house = To buy a big house takes/costs me a lot of money. take用来说明做某事需要多少时间,有三种不同的结构: 1)主语是人 She took the whole day to read the novel 2)主语是某种活动 The journey took me half an hour Reading the novel took her the whole day 3)用形式主语it It took me ha
20、lf an hour to get home yesterday It takes much time to do the shopping pay,pay表示付给人家钱、帐单等;pay for表示买东西付款,也表示替别人付钱。主语是人。其常见结构是to pay sbsome money,pay money for sth You must pay me 100yuan a week for your meals How much did you pay for that book? cost指花钱,表示价值或代价。主语是事或物或动词不定式短语。 其常见结构是to cost sbsome mo
21、ney。 The dictionary cost me 6yuan 翻译:我六十元钱买了一本词典 (2)读这本书花了我一整天的时间 (Keys: aI bought the dictionary for 60 yuan bThe dictionary cost me 60 yuan cI paid 60 yuan for the dictionary dI spent 60yuan on the dictionary eIt took me60 yuan to buy the dictionary aI spent the whole day reading the book bI took
22、the whole day to read the book cReading the book took me the whole day dIt took me the whole day to read the book) 2.“数目”要说清: a number of“许多”与the number of“的数字/数目”这两个词组的用法要分清: a number of意思是“一些,若干”,后接可数名词复数或代词,谓语动词用复数形式。 a number of词组中还可以加入形容词表示数量大或小等。 the number of意思是“的数字/数目”,介词of同其后名词构成介词短语,修饰the
23、number.当它作主语时,谓语动词用单数。例如: Many people took part in 10,000-metre race, but only a number of them kept on running to the end. 许多人参加了10000米跑,但只有一些人坚持跑到底。 A number of my friends think I should take a holiday. 我的一些朋友认为我应该休假。 The number of students is about forty.学生人数大约是40人左右。 3.到达路线有几条: arrive in/at,get
24、to;reach意为“抵达,到达”,我们在句子中要正确运用。 arrive vi.到达什么地方,后接in或at,大的地方用in,小的地方用at;reach vt.后接地点名词;get to也可表示“到达”,后接地点名词,比以上两词更口语化,也可用get加副词。 题例:When did you _ home? A. go to B.arrive at C.reach in D.reach 在英语中“到达”可表达为get to,arrive in/at和reach。get和ararrive是不及物动词,所以后面接宾语时,应借助于介词。而reach是及物动词,它后面可以直接跟宾语。但是本题的home
25、是副词,副词前不可以有介词,所以此题的正确答案是D。 arrive一词除了表示“到达”外还有“来到”、“出生”的意思: Good weather is arriving好天气就要来了。 My baby arrived last night我的宝宝是昨天夜里出生的。 Too swift arrives as tardy as too slow 谚语欲速则不达。 4.条条大路通罗马: 英语中表示交通方式的形式很多,但总的来说,不外乎两种方式,即: 用介词和动词来表示。 用介词表示。 by + 表示交通工具的名词,泛指“乘/坐某种交通工具”,其中名词前无任何修饰语,且只能用单数。如: He came
26、 by train, but his wife came by bus. 他坐火车来的,但他妻子坐汽车来的。 Travelling by elephant is great fun. 骑象旅行很有趣。 类似的词组还有:by car乘车;by plane乘飞机;by ship乘船;by taxi乘计程车;等。 in/on + 表示交通工具的名词 , 或泛指或特指“乘/坐某种交通工具”,其中名词前常有冠词、物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格等修饰语,名词可以是单数或复数。 bus,train,boat,plane,ship等有厢,有舱的名词前,用介词in或on。如: We are going ther
27、e in/on a bus.我们将乘公共汽车去那里。 Dont come here on /in the ship不要坐船来这里。 bike或motorbike前,只能用介词on。如: They go to work on their bikes.他们骑自行车上班。 She went out on her new motorbike. 她骑着她的新摩托车出去了。 car,taxi前,多用介词in。如: We are going to France in Johns car. 我们将坐约翰的车去法国。 by/on + 表示交通工具的名词,特指“乘/坐某一趟/辆/艘”,其中名词为单数,其前常有定冠
28、词与数词或具体时刻一起作修饰语。如: They came here by/on the first bus.他们是坐头班车来的。 You can get there by/on the Number 10 bus / bus No.10. 你可以乘10路公共汽车到那里。 He went up to London by/on the 10:30 (train). 他是乘10时30分的火车去伦敦的。 by + 表示交通工具的名词,泛指“乘/坐某种档次的交通工具旅行”,其中名词为单数,其前常有表示“等级或档次”的形容词作修饰语。如: She travels by third-class train.
29、 她乘三等车旅行。 I will go to Beijing by the fast train. 我将乘快车去北京。 He flew to Paris by first class (plane). 他坐头等舱飞往巴黎。 He went to Tokyo by a large ship.他乘一艘大船去了东京。 by + 表示交通线路或交通线路所经范围的名词 ,表示“经由陆路/水路/空中等线路旅行或运输”,其中名词为单数或不可数,其前无任何修饰语。如: Shall we go by land or by sea ? 我们是由陆路去还是由水路去? It saves a lot of time t
30、o travel by air. 乘飞机旅行可以节省许多时间。 类似的词组还有:by water由水路;by road由公路;by rail由铁路;等。 on + 表示人或动物特定身体部位的名词,表示“步行或骑马/骆驼”,其中名词只能是foot、horseback或 camelback,其前无任何修饰语。如: She usually goes to school on foot. 她通常步行上学。 Our friends arrived on horseback.我们的朋友是骑马到的。 on + 表示交通工具的动物名词,表示“骑驴/马/象/骆驼”,其中名词为donkey、horse、eleph
31、ant或camel,其前常有不定冠词a/an。如: The old man used to go out on a donkey. 那个老汉以前都是骑驴外出的。 He went there on a horse. 他骑马去了那里。 类似的词组还有:on an elephant骑象;on a camel骑骆驼。 二、 用动词表示。 “动词 + to + 地点名词”或“动词 + 地点副词”。 这种动词主要是walk ,ride,drive,fly,sail等。如: I usually walk to school. 我通常步行上学。 We sometimes ride to school. 我们有
32、时骑车上学。 They drove to the station. 他们开车去了车站。 Jack flew there last Sunday. 杰克上星期乘飞机去那里了。 “take a/the + 表示交通工具的名词”,表示“乘/坐”。如: Will you take a bus to go there?你乘汽车去那儿吗? I took a taxi to the hospital. 我坐出租车到医院去了。 类似的表达还有:take a ship,take a plane等。 “ride a/an + bike,motorbike或表示交通工具的动物名词,表示“骑”。如: I ride a
33、 bike to work every day. 我天天骑自行车上班。 He came here riding a horse /an elephant. 他骑马/象来到了这里。 “ride on/in + a/an + 表示交通工具的名词”,表示“乘/坐/骑”。如: The boy liked to ride on a motorbike.那男孩喜欢骑摩托车。 类似的表达还有:ride in/on a ship/train/plane/boat等。 ride a bike着重动作;ride in/on a bike着重状态。 “have/take a ride in/on + 表示交通工具的
34、名词”,表示“乘/坐/骑一下/次”。如: Would you like to have/take a ride in my new car ? 你要不要坐坐我的新车? He let me have/take a ride on his camel. 他让我骑了一下他的骆驼。 “go for a ride in/on + 表示交通工具的名词”,表示“乘/坐/骑去兜风”。如: They went for a ride on their horses/bicycles. 他们骑马/自行车去兜了一圈。 I went for a ride on my horse before breakfast. 早餐
35、前我骑马出去遛了遛。 巩固练习: I:用by,in,on,take填空。 1How do you go to school every day? _ bike 2They will go to the cinema _ bus 3He went to the park _ a car yesterday 4Helen will go there _ the 12:00 bus 5Will you _ the bus to Beijing tomorrow? II:就划线部分提问。 1Mr Green goes to the post office by bike 2Ann is going s
36、hopping on foot 5.否定也“温柔”: “not all”是一个部分否定,可见否定也“温柔”。例如: In North America,not all students take the bus to school. (在北美,并非所有的学生都乘车上学。) 英语中的部分否定有如下一些表示方法: 一 )all 的否定式:not all表示并非都、不是所有的都 例如: Not all bamboo grows tall. 并非所有的竹子都会长很高。 二)both 的否定式:notboth (或:both not) 并非两个都 例如: I dont want both the book
37、s. 我不是两本书都要。 Both (the) windows are not open. 两扇窗子并不都开着。 三) every的否定式: 不是每都 例如: Not everyone likes this book. 并非人人都喜欢这本书。 This flower is not seen everywhere. 这花并不是随处可见的。 四) always的否定式: 并非总是 例如: He is not always so sad. 他并不是一直都这样悲伤。 五) all the time 的否定式: 并非一直、未必老是 例如: A foolish man doesnt make a mist
38、ake all the time. 笨人未必老是犯错误。 六) notand的否定式,被否定的往往是and后面的那一部分。 例如: He did not speak clearly and correctly. 他讲得清楚但不正确。 She cannot sing and dance. 她会唱歌但不会跳舞。 如果将and 换成or,not 对其后面的两部分就全盘否定了。 He did not speak clearly or correctly. 他讲的既不清楚也不正确。 如要对上述的all, both, every, always, 以及entirely, altogether, compl
39、etely, quite 和 all the time 等词作完全否定,那就分别要用与之相对应的全否定词,如no, none, neither, no one, never, not (never) at all 等。例如: All of them can do it.- None of them can do it. Both are good.-Neither is good. Everybody likes it. -Nobody likes it. He is always late. - He is never late. We dont trust them entirely. -
40、 We never trust them at all. He was here all the time. - He was never here. 6.风云“聚”义厅: 本单元重点句子释义集锦: 1. How do you get to school? I walk to school.你是怎样到校的?我步行。 翻译:你们如何去上海?我乘飞机去,他坐火车去。 2. How about the white shirt? 这件白衬衫怎么样? 翻译:去游泳怎么样? 3.I usually walk but sometimes I take the bus. 我通常步行,但有时坐公共汽车。 翻译:
41、他总是骑自行车上学,但这次他乘地铁上学了。 4.How long does it take you to get to school? It takes about 10 minutes to walk and 15 minutes by bus. 你需要多长时间到校?步行大约10分钟,乘汽车15分钟。 翻译:建造这座桥工人们将花费1年多的时间。 5. How far is it from his home to school? About 10 kilometers. 从他家到学校有多远?大约10公里。 翻译:从地球到月球有多远?大约38万公里远。 6.Lin Feis home is ab
42、out 10 kilometers from school. 林飞的家离学校大约10公里 翻译:我们学校到东湖公园大约7公里。 7. He leaves for school at around six-thirty. 他大约在6点30分动身去学校。 翻译:我们下星期去北京。 8. Then the early bus takes him to school.然后,他乘坐早班车到学校。 翻译:请把书带到学校来。 9.Thomas wants to know where Nina lives.托马斯想要知道尼娜住在哪里。 翻译:我想知道她认为交通怎么样。 10. In Japan, most s
43、tudents take trains to school, although others also walk or ride their bikes. 在日本,大部分学生乘坐火车上学,尽管其他人也步行或骑自行车。 翻译:他虽然有病,仍坚持学习。_ 11. A small number of students take the subway to school. 小部分学生乘坐地铁上学 翻译:我有许多信件要写。 12.What do you think of the transportation in your town? 你对你们镇的交通认为怎么样? 翻译:你认为这本书怎么样? 13. She is dead but her memory still lives on. 她虽然死了,但人们仍然怀念她。 翻译:羊靠青草维持生命。 How is the weather today?=What is the weather like today? 今天天气如何? How构成的疑问句短语: how many多少 how much多少how often(问频率) how soon(问将来时间,多久)howl ong (问时间或物体长度) how far多远 how old多大年 龄 how long 多久 how tall多高 how heavy多重 How about?=What a