《托福阅读长难句精选.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《托福阅读长难句精选.doc（15页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、托福阅读长难句精选 为了让大家更好的准备托福考试，给大家整理托福阅读长难句，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。托福阅读长难句1一般情况下，句子主语、宾语和句子中其他部分的名词可能因包含大量前置或后置定语成分而变得非常复杂，而整句的谓语动词，其前后最多有副词作修饰，所以相对容易判断。我们一旦找到整句谓语动词，它的施动者-主语、受动者-谓语以及主干也自然容易进一步识别。例句1：A desire to throw over reality a lightthat never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what w
2、emight consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely thestructure and texture of a flower.这个句子里出现的动词有throw, was, might give, mightconsider和record等。首先，动词不定式不能作谓语，去掉throw和record;was 后不能紧跟情态动词，所以was和might give应属不同的句子，往前看我们发现that never was 形成S+V格式，且紧跟着名词light后，再根据句意判断可知that never was 为a
3、 light的后置定语从句;稍作判断可知to throw over reality a light 为不定式做A desire的后置定语，此时吧它的不定式后置定语及a light的后置定语拿掉可得到简化结构：A desire might give awayabruptly to the desire。Abruptly显然修饰动词短语give away。至此我们得到a desire(S)+might giveaway(V)+the desire(O), 经过这样的简化，整句主干已经得到;至于might consider, 明显和它前面的we组成S+V格式，这个从句跟在on the part of
4、 后面做整句宾语the desire的后置定语从句纵观整句，主语谓语后都跟了较长的定语成分，造成我们判断它们终结位置的困难。而动词的修饰成分一般较短，由它们入手更容易理清句子的各个部分。例句2：(提示：作语法分析前请排除生词)Thus, what in contrast to the Puritancolonies appears to Davis to be peculiarly Southern- acquisitiveness, a stronginterest in politics and the law, and a tendency to cultivate metropolit
5、ancultural models- was not only more typically English than the cultural patternsexhibited by Puritan Massachusetts and Connecticut, but also almost certainlycharacteristic of most other early modern British colonies from Barbados northto Rhode Island and New Hampshire.这个句子较长，但从动词入手可我们迅速提取到主干。首先忽略不定
6、式(tobe , to cultivate)，这个句子里出现的动词仅有appears,was, exhibited;appears前的in contrast to the Puritan colonies是较易识别的比较状语，所以这部分可以还原成whatappears to be peculiarly Southern to Davis in contrast to the Puritan colonies,这样what appears 形成S+V结构;was not only .butalso可以看成是系表结构，其中两组表语并列;exhibited 后面有介词by，而前面没有小级别be动词(
7、稍作分析可知was非exhibited的be动词)，于是exhibitedby Massachusetts and Connecticut 为过去分词作thecultural patterns的后置定语。这时我们可确定was为全句谓语动词。注意到butalso后的of most other early modernBritish coloniesand New Hampshire作characteristic的后置定语，其中fromBarbados north to Rhode Island and New Hampshire作colonies的后置定语;最后，我们来看主语。whatin co
8、ntrast to the Puritan colonies appears to Davis to be peculiarly Southern 中包含了S+V格式，为明显的主语从句。acquisitiveness,a strong interest in politics and the law, and a tendency to cultivatemetropolitan cultural models 三个并列的结构形成了主语从句的三个同位语。这一点很罕见，我们见到的大多数同位语跟在名词后。这个句子稍繁杂之处在于我们的阅读过程被主语后的连续三个同位语打断，且表语部分有稍多的修饰成分。
9、但只要我们从分析动词入手，挑出整句谓语动词，整句的主谓以及主干就会清晰显现。托福阅读长难句2我们知道一个句子的主干(主谓宾)相当于它的骨架，识别了主干相当于抓住了句子的主要信息;而句子的其他修饰、说明及补充的部分(定状补同等)则相当于句子的血肉，血肉中往往包含了大量的附加信息。很多时候这些附加的信息对整句的理解起着辅助、加强甚至不可或缺的作用。教学中笔者发现下面这个句子常常困扰一些语法功底不错的考生：The physicist rightly dreads preciseargument, since an argument that is convincing only if it is p
10、recise loses all its force if theassumptions on which it is based are slightly changed, whereas an argument thatis convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations ofits underlying assumptions.本句since之前的部分含有标准的S(The physicist)+V(dreads)+O(argument)结构，而since之后明显应该是原因状语(从句)的部分，
11、所以句首的SVO就是整句的主句。下面我们来仔细分析since后面的部分：第一行末尾的that紧跟an argument之后，显然做an argument的后置定语从句。that is convincing 是一个完整的主系表结构，only if 则引导了这个定语从句自身的(即小级别)条件状语从句it is precise (仍是一个完整的主系表结构);接下来我们遇到了loses，since到loses之间是两个主系表从句，有各自的系动词，于是loses不属于这两个从句，只能与an argument对应，这一点也可从单复数上佐证。loses 与后面的 all its force 形成动宾结构，其
12、中it 指代前文的an argument;接下来的if引导了条件状语从句theassumptions on which it is based are slightly changed。其中on which it is based 做theassumptions的后置定语从句，同样的,it指前文的an argument。忽略定语从句，我们得到ifthe assumptions are slightly changed;whereas后thatis convincing though imprecise紧跟着anargument后做它的后置定语从句。忽略掉它我们得到whereas anargum
13、ent may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlyingassumptions.至此since直到结尾我们已拆解完毕。即since后是个由whereas分割连接的并列句，这个并列句前一个子句的主语argument后跟了定语从句，且这个定语从句有自己的小一个级别的条件状语从句onlyif it is precise。同时第一个子句本身也有自己的条件状语从句ifthe assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed;whereas后出现了第二个子句，这个子句的主语
14、anargument同样带了自己的后置定语从句。从since到结尾的大级别原因状语从句包含了两个并列子句、两个后置定语从句和两个条件状语从句(不同级别)。多个从句的层层嵌套增加了我们读懂整句的难度，但只要我们仔细梳理和分解，层层展开，理清各个从句、成分的作用，最终，这种难度的长句还是可以攻克的。托福阅读长难句3依然记得科比最经典那段对话：记者问：“你为什么能如此成功呢?”科比反问道：“你知道洛杉矶凌晨四点钟是什么样子吗?”记者摇摇头：“不知道，那你说说洛杉矶每天早上四点钟究竟什么样儿?”科比挠挠头，说：“满天星星，寥落的灯光，行人很少。”科比本周四将会引来最后一场比赛，这是一个时代的结束。科比
15、、麦迪、卡特、艾佛森、皮尔斯、邓肯、帕克、吉诺比利谢谢他们带我们青春的记忆。同学们，第二十四句来了。世界本没有长难句，修饰成分多了，便有了长难句。老邪阅读速度大部分来于短时间内理解长难句的能力。大家在看长难句的时候，多思考，一个句子为什么这么长，常见的修饰成分到底有哪些?其实不多，连词、非谓语动词、介词以及同位语或插入语，上过课的同学懂得。大家别急，把一句一句弄明白，弄懂一个句子胜过模糊看懂十个句子。希望大家认真看我的分析。今天我们来看这样一个句子：Over long periods of time, substances whose physical and chemical propert
16、ies change with the ambient climate at the time can be deposited in a systematic way to provide a continuous record of changes in those properties overtime, sometimes for hundreds or thousands of years. (TPO10, 44)property /pr?p?t?/ n. 财产，资产;特质，性质;ambient /?mb?nt/ adj. (指空气等)环绕四周的, 周围的我是分界线，大家先自己分析哦
17、。(Over long periods of time), substances (whose physical and chemical properties change with the ambient climate at the time) can be deposited(in a systematic way)(to provide a continuous record)(of changes in those properties overtime), (sometimes for hundreds or thousands of years). (TPO10, 44)托福阅
18、读长难句100句分析：修饰一：(Over long periods of time)，介词短语中文：经过很长一段时间修饰二：(whose physical and chemical properties change with the ambient climate at the time) ，从句，修饰substances，大家一定要注意这里的substances和can be别从句隔开了，一定要注意主谓被从句或其它修饰隔开的情况中文：物理和化学性质随着当时周围气候变化修饰三：(in a systematic way) ，介词短语中文：以一种系统的方式修饰四：(to provide a co
19、ntinuous record) ，非谓语动词中文：提供了连续记录修饰五：(of changes in those properties overtime)，介词短语中文：这段时间的这些特征变化修饰六：(sometimes for hundreds or thousands of years) ，介词短语中文：这有时会是几百年或几千年主干：substancescan be deposited托福阅读长难句100句参考翻译：经过很长一段时间，物理和化学性质随着当时周围气候变化的物质会以一种系统的方式沉淀，这提供了这些(物理和化学)性质在此段时间内变化的连续记录，这有时会是几百年或几千年。这个句子
20、的主要修饰成分就是介词短语、从句和非谓语动词，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。托福阅读长难句4大家别急，把一句一句弄明白，弄懂一个句子胜过模糊看懂十个句子。希望大家认真看我的分析。今天我们来看这样一个句子：While these records provide broadly consistent indications that temperature variations can occur on a global scale, there are nonetheless some intriguing differences,which sugges
21、t that the pattern of temperature variations in regional climatescan also differ significantly from each other.(TPO10, 40)consistent /k?ns?st?nt/ adj. 一贯的, 前後一致的intriguing /?n?tri:g?/ adj. 有趣的，激起好奇心的我是分界线，大家先自己分析哦。(While these records provide broadly consistent indications that temperature variation
22、s can occur on a global scale), there are nonetheless some intriguing differences, (which suggest) (that the pattern of temperature variations in regional climates can also differ significantly from each other).(TPO10,40)托福阅读长难句100句分析：修饰一：(While these records provide broadly consistent indications t
23、hat temperature variations can occur on a global scale)，从句，注意里面还有一个同位语从句 (that temperature variations can occur on a global scale)表示indication的内容中文：虽然这些记录提供了广泛一致的迹象表明温度变化能在全球范围内发生修饰二：(which suggest) ，从句，修饰前面的differences中文：这些差异表明修饰三：(that the pattern of temperature variations in regional climates can
24、 also differ significantly from each other) ，从句，注意这个从句里还有很多介词结构，the pattern (of temperature variations )(in regional climates) can also differ significantly (from each other).(of temperature variations ) (in regional climates) ，在区域气候的温度变化中文：在区域气候温度变化的模式彼此之间差异很大主干：there arenonetheless some intriguing
25、 differences托福阅读长难句100句参考翻译：虽然这些记录提供了广泛一致的迹象表明温度变化能在全球范围内发生，但是会有一些有趣的差异，这些差异表明在区域气候温度变化的模式彼此之间差异很大。这个句子的主要修饰成分就是介词短语、从句，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。托福阅读长难句5今天我们来看这样一个句子：Ceramic products also include lead-glazed tomb models of the Han dynasty, three-colorlead-glazed vessels and figures of the
26、Tang dynasty, and Ming three-color temple ornaments, in which the motifs were outlined in a raised trail of slipas well as the many burial ceramics produced in imitation of vessels made in materials of higher intrinsic value. (TPO10, 56)ceramic /s?r?m?k/ adj. 陶瓷的，陶器的glazed /glezd/ adj.(陶器)上釉的;(目光)木然
27、的，呆滞的，无神采的;(门、窗)装有玻璃的vessel /v?sl/ n. 船(尤指大船); 舰;容器, 器皿;管状结构(血管、导管)ornament /?rn?m?nt/ n. 装饰，点缀;装饰物，点缀品motif /m?ti?f/ n. 装饰的图案或式样;主题outline vt. 概述，概括;画出或标出(某物)的轮廓 外形raised adj. 有凸起花纹 (或图案) 的，浮雕的slip n. 泥釉(涂於陶器上作表层或图样的)intrinsic /?ntr?ns?k/ adj. (指价值或性质)固有的, 内在的, 本质的我是分界线，大家先自己分析哦。Ceramic products al
28、so include lead-glazed tomb models of the Han dynasty, three-colorlead-glazed vessels and figures of the Tang dynasty, and Ming three-color temple ornaments, (in which the motifs were outlined in a raised trail of slip)as well as the many burial ceramics (produced in imitation of vessels) (made in m
29、aterials of higher intrinsic value.) (TPO10,56)老邪分析：其实这个句子的主干，就是三个并列成分：Ceramic products also include A,B and C as well as DCeramic products also include lead-glazed tomb models of the Han dynasty, three-colorlead-glazed vessels and figures of the Tang dynasty, and Ming three-color temple ornaments,
30、as well as the many burial ceramics修饰一：(in which the motifs were outlinedin a raised trail of slip) ，从句，修饰前面三种陶瓷，这个从句所包含的细节是很难理解的，大家可以看看上面我列出的词汇就知道，你想全看懂，你疯了!处女座的同学冷静!OG上说*很学术，但是题目一点也不学术，不会考这么学术的东西。忽略那些学术细节。中文：他们的主题是用浮雕泥釉的线条凸显出来的修饰二：(produced in imitation of vessels) ，非谓语动词，修饰the many burial ceramics中文：这些陪葬陶瓷是模仿容器制成的修饰三：(made in materials of higherintrinsic value.)，非谓语动词，修饰vessels中文：这些容器是由更高内在价值材料制成的参考翻译：陶瓷产品也包括汉朝的铅釉坟墓模型、唐朝的三色铅釉容器和人物、明朝三色寺庙装饰(他们的主题是用浮雕泥釉的线条凸显出来的)以及许多陪葬陶瓷(这些陪葬陶瓷是模仿由更高内在价值材料制成的容器)。这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句和非谓语动词，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。
