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1、英语专业八级汉英翻译,英语专业八级考试大纲汉译英字数：150字左右分值：10分时间：30分钟要求：能运用汉译英的理论和技巧，翻译我国报刊杂志上的文章和一般文学作品。速度为每小时250-300个汉字。译文必须忠实原意，语言通顺、流畅。,历年汉译英题目（20012011）,试题特点1、文体：记叙、介绍、散文、论说2、语域：人文历史，无科技翻译3、内容：无专门学术领域知识,评分标准忠实 60%+通顺40%9-10 原文的信息全部传达，语气和文体风格与原文一致；句式处理恰当，选词妥贴，英语比较地道。7-8 个别重要信息疏漏，重要信息传达语气文体与原文基本一致；语言基本合乎英语规范，行文比较流畅。5-6
2、 少量理解错误，个别漏译；个别句子结构错误，词不达意，行文不够流畅。3-4 部分信息含混，个别重大错误或遗漏；逐字硬译，句子不连贯，意思令人费解。1-2 误译，漏译很多，不能传达原文意思；大量句法，用词错误，不知所云。,汉译英过程一、正确理解汉语原文。二、选词准确，适中，得体。三、用地道的英语译好每一个句子，尽力避免中式英语。四、译文要尽量做到行文简洁，结构匀称。,汉英差异1、英语重直线，汉语重螺旋；2、英语重分析，汉语重综合；3、英语多长句，汉语多短句；4、英语多被动，汉语多主动；5、英语多省略，汉语多补充；6、英语多前重心，汉语多后重心；7、英语多写实，汉语多联想；8、英语多引申，汉语多推
3、理；9、英语重事实，汉语重发散；10、英语多客观，汉语多主观。,汉译英常见问题拼写错误冠词滥用数的混乱用词冗余逐字死译结构机械对应主次信息颠倒语篇连接不当,世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。第二代博物馆属于工业技术博物馆。（2000年真题）The first-generation museum in the world are museums of natural history,which introduce the evolution of the Earth and various lives by means of fossil
4、and specimen.The second-generation museum are about industrial technologies.The first-generation museums in the world are museums of natural history,which introduce the evolution of the Earth and various lives by means of fossils and specimens.The second-generation museums are about industrial techn
5、ologies.,吸收外来移民，是加拿大长期奉行的国策。（1999年真题）To take in immigrants from other countries has become a long-term national policy long practiced by Canada.To draw in immigrants has become a national policy long practiced by Canada.,开口之前(1996)Before they open their mouth.一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴（2003年真题）On a spri
6、ng evening,my parents held a banquet where all sorts of flowers were in full bloom.One spring evening,my parents held a banquet where all sorts of flowers were in full bloom.,汉译英常用技巧及实例分析词的翻译句的翻译段落翻译,词的翻译词义选择词类转换词的增补词的减省,钓鱼可分为三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼与情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是钓趣（2001年真题）three stagesthree phasesthre
7、e momentthree statesThere are three states for fishing,词类转换吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。（2004年真题）You will be full of praise while eating the first two main courses.,增译面对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全都抛到一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。（2001年真题）When facing a pool of green water,you forget all your worries and annoyance and enjoy a good rest,both men
8、tally and physically.,减译于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。（2004年真题）Then happiness turns to anger,praise to scolding and nit-picking,and head-nodding to head-shaking.,句的翻译,确定主干调整语序正反转译语态翻译长句翻译,确立主干成分愈吃愈趋于冷静（2004年真题）The more you eat,the calmer you will become.,语序中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切。（2006年真题）Chinese people has nev
9、er regarded human being as the highest creature among everything else since ancient times.,正反转译那个房间的窗户总是关着的。The windows of that room ever never open.在任何情况下我们都不应该放弃希望。Under no circumstances should we give up our hope.,语态翻译大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。（2002年真题）People,poor or rich,are equally favored by Nature.,
10、长句 顺译 变译 合译 分译 直译 意译,顺译当他活着一天，总要尽量多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。（2005年真题）As long as they are living,they always work and study as hard as possible,unwilling to dream their life away,let alone waste even a single moment of their lives.,变译每天下午四五点钟喝上一杯茶，吃一点烤面包或饼干，相互之间再闲聊几句，这种情景在英国到处可见。There is a scene to b
11、e witnessed everywhere in England at four or five p.m.when people enjoy a cup of tea,with toast or biscuit and with a bit of conversation.,合译一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗？（2005年真题）Could there be any standards to evaluate the meaning of ones life?,分译一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，霎时宾客云集，笑语四溢。（2003年真题）One spring
12、evening,my parents held a banquet in the garden where all sorts of flowers were in full bloom.Instantly,a crowd of guests gathered together and their laughter was heard all over there.,段落段落的衔接（cohesion）中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。（2006年真题）Chinese people has ne
13、ver regarded human being as the highest creature among everything else since ancient times,whose behavior in both philosophy and arts takes a rather appropriate proportion with all others in the natural world,but not as an absolute dominant ruler.(增添关系代词),段落的连贯（coherence）加拿大地广人稀，国土面积比中国还大，人口却不足3，000
14、万。吸收外来移民，是加拿大长期奉行的国策。（1999年真题）Canada,sparsely populated,has a territory larger than that of China,but its population is only less than 30 million.Therefore,to take in immigrants has become a national policy long practices by Canada.,应考策略考前准备扩大词汇量掌握翻译理论与技巧广泛阅读，扩大知识面：中国日报、北京周报、人民日报（海外英文版）大量练习应考技巧合理分配时间巧妙处理难点注意书写工整,
