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1、托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析 想要看懂托福阅读长难句，考生除了拥有牢固的英语语法基础外，还需要积累大量的实际分析和应对长难句的经验?下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。托福阅读高难度*长难句实例解析：打破贵族对选举的束缚原句案例：The first steps toward change were taken by Solon in 594 B.C., when he broke the aristocracys stranglehold on elected offices by establishing wealth rather than birth as the basis of of
2、fice holding, abolishing the economic obligations of ordinary Athenians to the aristocracy, and allowing the assembly (of whichall citizens were equal members) to overrule the decisions of local courts in certain cases.词汇讲解：aristocracy /?r?st?kr?s?/ n. 贵族阶级，贵族stranglehold /str?lh?uld/ n. 扼制，压制，束缚abo
3、lish /?b?l?/ v. 废除，废止obligation /?bl?ge?(?)n/ n. 义务，职责assembly /?sembl?/ n. 集合，集会;装配，安装overrule /?v?ru?l/ v. 否决，驳回结构划分：The first steps toward change were taken by Solon in 594 B.C., (when he broke the aristocracys stranglehold on elected offices) (by establishing wealth rather than birth as the basi
4、s of office holding, abolishing the economic obligations of ordinary Athenians to the aristocracy, and allowing the assembly (of which all citizens were equal members) to overrule the decisions of local courts in certain cases.)深度分析：这个句子的主干就是：The first steps toward change were taken by Solon in 594
5、B.C.修饰一：(when he broke the aristocracys stranglehold on elected offices) ，从句中文：当他打破了贵族对于选举的束缚。修饰二：(by establishing wealth rather than birth as the basis of office holding, abolishing the economic obligations of ordinary Athenians to the aristocracy, and allowing the assembly (of whichall citizens we
6、re equal members) to overrule the decisions of local courts incertain cases.)，介词短语这个修饰成分比较复杂，介词后面接了三个并列的非谓语动词：1：establishing wealth rather than birth as the basis of office holding2：abolishing the economicobligations of ordinary Athenians to the aristocracy3：allowing the assembly (of which all citiz
7、ens were equal members) to overrule the decisions of local courts in certain cases.其中第3个非谓语动词中还有一个从句：of which all citizens were equal members三个并列的非谓语动词中文如下：1：确定财富而不是出身作为任职的基础2：废除了普通雅典民众对贵族的经济义务3：并且允许大会(所有公民都是平等的成员)在一些情况下否决当地法院的决定中文：他通过确定财富而不是出身作为任职的基础、废除了普通雅典民众对贵族的经济义务并且允许大会(所有公民都是平等的成员)在一些情况下否决当地法院
8、的决定参考翻译：改变的第一步是在公元前594年由Solon发起的，那时候他通过确定财富而不是出身作为任职的基础、废除了普通雅典民众对贵族的经济义务并且允许大会(所有公民都是平等的成员)在一些情况下否决当地法院的决定，打破了贵族对于选举的束缚。托福阅读高难度*长难句实例解析：加强雅典中央政府管理原句案例：The first steps toward change were taken by Solon in 594 B.C., when he broke the aristocracys stranglehold on elected offices by establishing wealth
9、 rather than birth as the basis of office holding, abolishing the economic obligations of ordinary Athenians to the aristocracy, and allowing the assembly (of whichall citizens were equal members) to overrule the decisions of local courts in certain cases.词汇讲解：aristocracy /?r?st?kr?s?/ n. 贵族阶级，贵族str
10、anglehold /str?lh?uld/ n. 扼制，压制，束缚abolish /?b?l?/ v. 废除，废止obligation /?bl?ge?(?)n/ n. 义务，职责assembly /?sembl?/ n. 集合，集会;装配，安装overrule /?v?ru?l/ v. 否决，驳回结构划分：The first steps toward change were taken by Solon in 594 B.C., (when he broke the aristocracys stranglehold on elected offices) (by establishing
11、 wealth rather than birth as the basis of office holding, abolishing the economic obligations of ordinary Athenians to the aristocracy, and allowing the assembly (of which all citizens were equal members) to overrule the decisions of local courts in certain cases.)深度分析：这个句子的主干就是：The first steps towa
12、rd change were taken by Solon in 594 B.C.修饰一：(when he broke the aristocracys stranglehold on elected offices) ，从句中文：当他打破了贵族对于选举的束缚。修饰二：(by establishing wealth rather than birth as the basis of office holding, abolishing the economic obligations of ordinary Athenians to the aristocracy, and allowing
13、the assembly (of whichall citizens were equal members) to overrule the decisions of local courts incertain cases.)，介词短语这个修饰成分比较复杂，介词后面接了三个并列的非谓语动词：1：establishing wealth rather than birth as the basis of office holding2：abolishing the economicobligations of ordinary Athenians to the aristocracy3：allo
14、wing the assembly (of which all citizens were equal members) to overrule the decisions of local courts in certain cases.其中第3个非谓语动词中还有一个从句：of which all citizens were equal members三个并列的非谓语动词中文如下：1：确定财富而不是出身作为任职的基础2：废除了普通雅典民众对贵族的经济义务3：并且允许大会(所有公民都是平等的成员)在一些情况下否决当地法院的决定中文：他通过确定财富而不是出身作为任职的基础、废除了普通雅典民众对贵
15、族的经济义务并且允许大会(所有公民都是平等的成员)在一些情况下否决当地法院的决定参考翻译：改变的第一步是在公元前594年由Solon发起的，那时候他通过确定财富而不是出身作为任职的基础、废除了普通雅典民众对贵族的经济义务并且允许大会(所有公民都是平等的成员)在一些情况下否决当地法院的决定，打破了贵族对于选举的束缚。托福阅读高难度*长难句实例解析：政治家对创造民主的贡献原句案例：Cleisthenes principal contribution to the creation of democracy at Athens was to complete the long process of
16、weakening family and clan structures, especially among the aristocrats, and to set in their place locality-based corporations called demes, which became the point of entry for all civic and most religious life in Athens.词汇讲解：democracy /d?m?kr?s?/ n. 民主，民主政治，民主制度clan /kl?n/ n. 宗族，家族;集团，帮会aristocrat /
17、?r?st?kr?t/ n. 贵族中文：这成为了雅典所有公民和大多数宗教生活的入口点。civic /s?v?k/ adj. 城市的;市民的，公民的rule n. 统治，管理结构划分：Cleisthenes principal contribution (to the creation of democracy at Athens) was (to complete the long process of weakening family and clan structures), (especially among the aristocrats), and (to set in their
18、place locality-based corporations called demes), (which became the point of entry for all civic and most religious life in Athens.)深度分析：这个句子的结构是：Cleisthenes principal contribution was 非谓语 and 非谓语第一个非谓语：(to complete the long process of weakening family and clan structures)第二个非谓语：(to set in their plac
19、e locality-based corporations called demes)修饰一：(to the creation of democracy at Athens)，介词短语中文：在雅典创造民主修饰二：(to complete the long process of weakening family and clan structures) ，非谓语动词中文：完成了减弱家族和宗族结构的长期过程修饰三：(especially among the aristocrats) ，介词短语中文：尤其是在贵族间修饰四：(to set in their place locality-based c
20、orporations called demes) ，非谓语动词中文：在他们所在地方设置基于地点的称之为demes团体修饰五：(which became the point of entry for all civic and most religious life in Athens. ) ，参考翻译：Cleisthenes对于创造雅典民主的主要贡献是他完成了减弱家族和宗族结构(尤其是贵族家族和宗族结构)的长期的过程，并且在他们所在地方设置基于地点的称之为demes团体，这成为了雅典所有公民和大多数宗教生活的入口点。托福阅读高难度*长难句实例解析：热带包含更大土地面积托福阅读100个长难句实
21、例分析原句案例：The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudesa fact that is not always evident when we examine commonly used projections of Earths curved surface, since this tends to exaggerate the areas of land in the higher latitudesand some biogeographers regard the differences
22、in diversity as a reflection of this effect.词汇讲解：tropics n. 热带projection n. 发射，投射;exaggerate /?gz?d?re?t/ v. 夸张，夸大结构划分：The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higherlatitudes(a fact) (that is not always evident) (when we examine commonly used projections of Earths curved surface), (si
23、nce this tends to exaggerate the areas of land in the higher latitudes)and some biogeographers regard the differences in diversity as a reflection of this effect.深度分析：这个句子的主干就是一个并列结构，中间被一个破折号隔开了。The tropics contain a larger surface area of land than higher latitudes and some biogeographers regard th
24、e differences in diversity as a reflection of this effect.修饰一：(a fact) ，同位语中文：一个事实修饰二：(that is not always evident) ，从句中文：不总是那么明显修饰三：(when we examine commonly used projections of Earths curved surface) ，从句中文：当我们在仔细观察通常所用的地球曲面投影时修饰四：(since this tends to exaggerate the areas of land in the higher latit
25、udes) ，从句中文：因为这往往夸大了高纬度的土地面积参考翻译：热带比高纬度包含更大的的土地面积当我们在仔细观察通常所用的地球曲面投影时，这一事实并不总是显而易见的，因为这往往夸大了高纬度的土地面积并且一些生物地理学家认为多样性的差异反映了这一影响。托福阅读高难度*长难句实例解析：调节温度的主要行为原句案例：The principal elements in behavioral thermoregulation are basking (heliothermy),heat exchange with substrates such as rock or earth (thigmotherm
26、y)，and diurnal and annual avoidance behaviors,which include moving to shelter during the day for cooling and hibernating or estivating (reducing activity during cold or hot weather, respectively).词汇讲解：bask /b?sk/ v. 坐着或躺着取暖substrate /s?bstre?t/ n. 底物，基片，基质;被(酶)作用物diurnal /da?n(?)l/ adj. 白天的，白昼的;每日的h
27、ibernate /ha?b?ne?t/ v. 冬眠estivate /i?st?ve?t/ v. (动物)夏眠respectively adv. 各自地结构划分：The principal elements (in behavioral thermoregulation) are basking (heliothermy), heat exchange (with substrates such as rock or earth (thigmothermy) )，and diurnal and annual avoidance behaviors, (which include moving
28、 to shelterduring the day for cooling and hibernating or estivating) (reducing activity during cold or hot weather, respectively)深度分析：修饰一：(in behavioral thermoregulation) ，介词短语中文：行为温度调节修饰二：(with substrates such as rock or earth (thigmothermy) ) ，介词短语中文：与基质如岩石或土壤进行热交换(接触热源)修饰三：(which include moving to shelter during the day for cooling and hibernating or estivating) ，从句中文：这包括转移到遮蔽处去乘凉、冬眠或夏眠修饰四：(reducing activity during cold or hot weather, respectively) ，非谓语动词中文：分别在寒冷或炎热的天气减少活动参考翻译：行为温度调节主要的要素有：晒太阳(日光浴)，与基质如岩石或土壤进行热交换(接触热源)，以及每天或每年的躲避行为，这包括转移到遮蔽处去乘凉、冬眠或夏眠(分别在寒冷或炎热的天气减少活动)。
